Defensive credential - ✔️✔️Process by which the eligibility of an entity for a particular
job or task is established by determining if the entity has the specified qualifications and
fulfils the defined requirements.
Health - ✔️✔️a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not
merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
Social determinants of Health - ✔️✔️Poverty — created environment that makes you
less healthy
Social group — more close friends you have the longer you live
Geographical — Urban vs Rural — DO you live in a high polluted area? Do you live in
an area of crime? What kind of food is near you
Inequality and health - ✔️✔️Unequal access to health --urban vs rural
lacks of knowledge
High stress levels and low help levels
Environmental exposure -- living environment
Longer and Healthier than before. Why? - ✔️✔️Sanitation
Refrigeration
Nutrition
Pasteurization
Health care system
Immunizations
Male dominated jobs - ✔️✔️Science, Manufacturing, Construction, Management
Women dominated jobs - ✔️✔️Nursing, teaching, clerical
women in Politics - ✔️✔️-Advocate for different policies than men
- Increased self esteem of girls by viewing female role models
- Changes perception of women roles as leaders
Sexuality - ✔️✔️Feelings of sexual attraction and behaviour related to them. There is
and increasing openness in society leasing to changing norms in society
-Example: Sex at younger age, more partners, acceptance of gays
Alfred Kinsey - ✔️✔️- First systematic study of sexuality in the 40's and 50's
- Theres much more diversity in sexuality than initially though
, - Creates heterosexual and homosexual scale
- People aren't straight and gay they're in between
- Normal sexuality isn't whats morally right or wrong — created by society— it should be
what one thinks of themselves
Heteronormativity - ✔️✔️- Automatic assumption that people are straight unless
otherwise stated
- Little kids of the opposite gender playing together are called boyfriend-girlfriend the
same isn't said of two people of same gender
- A family is depicted as man and woman with children
- The idea of coming out
-Martin studies how mothers control heteronormativity
Heterosexual privilege - ✔️✔️If your are heterosexual you're allowed to show affection
without being judged
Easier to adopt children
You can get married anywhere in the world
Changing norms of heterosexuality - ✔️✔️Decreasing levels of homophobia
Changing laws; Decriminalizing gay marriage --- Canada in 2005
Changes in the family - ✔️✔️Increasing divorce rate — increased until the 90s but not
have tapered off
Increase of people living common law
De-institutionalisation of marriage
De-institutionalisation of marriage - ✔️✔️Andrew Cherlin -- our understanding about
the noms and values of marriage have chnaged. People are questioning the role of
marriage in society. Decrease in marriage rates
Canadian houselhold census (1981-2014) - ✔️✔️More of every type of relationship
than the traditional married with kids
Why is the family changing? - ✔️✔️Rise in women rights
Increase in tolerance for diversity
Decreasing level of religiosity
Rising individualism
Women working outside of the home
Increasing use of birth control
Society is becoming individualistic
Structural functionalist on the family - ✔️✔️Provide support — financial or emotional
Regulate behaviour of members
Socialization of children
Reproduction