JMU BIO 140 EXAM 1 COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT/VERIFIED
SOLUTIONS
What are the steps in the scientific method? - correct answer-✅-exploration and discovery
-testing ideas
-community analysis and feedback
-benefits and outcomes
Define Theory - correct answer-✅A well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world,
based on a body of gives that have been repeatedly confirmed
The earth's crust consist mainly of what elements? - correct answer-✅oxygen and silicon
The human body consist mainly of what elements? - correct answer-✅oxygen, carbon, and hydrogen
Are viruses made of cells? - correct answer-✅no
What is the central dogma? - correct answer-✅DNA -> RNA -> Protein
When simple compounds are combined into more complex molecules, the entropy inside the cell
__________. - correct answer-✅decreases
When energy is released as heat, what happens to the entropy? - correct answer-✅the entropy
increases
Humans and chimpanzees share _______% of our DNA. - correct answer-✅98.8
What do nodes do? - correct answer-✅indicate a common ancestor
What makes a good hypothesis? - correct answer-✅a prediction about observations not yet made and
can be tested by experiment or further observation
What are the characteristics of life? - correct answer-✅-complexity
-ability to change in response to the environment
-ability to reproduce
-capacity to evolve
What two elements make up 99% of matter? - correct answer-✅hydrogen and helium
What is the first law of thermodynamics? - correct answer-✅energy can neither be created nor
destroyed; it can only be transformed from one form to another
What is the second law of thermodynamics? - correct answer-✅the degree of disorder in the universe
tends to increase
The amount of disorder in a system is the ________ of the system - correct answer-✅entropy
Who completed the experiment with rotting meat? - correct answer-✅Francesco Redi
What did Francesco Redi's experiment prove? - correct answer-✅living things only come from other
living things
What was the hypothesis which Louis Pasture tested? - correct answer-✅that microorganisms can arise
by spontaneous generation
What did Louis Pasture's experiment prove? - correct answer-✅that microbes carried on airborne dust
particles is necessary for microbial growth
Define plasma membrane - correct answer-✅separates the living material within the cell from the
nonliving environment around it
What is the main difference between Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes? - correct answer-✅prokaryotes do
not have a nucleus
What are the two sources by which organisms acquire energy? - correct answer-✅sun and chemical
compounds
, Define metabolism - correct answer-✅chemical reactions by which cells convert energy from one form
to another and build and breakdown molcules
Define ATP - correct answer-✅stored energy in a chemical form
How does a virus spread? - correct answer-✅hijacks a cell
Define natural selection - correct answer-✅the process whereby organisms better adapt to their
environment tend to survive and produce more offspring
Define environmental variation - correct answer-✅different environments have an effect on the
organism
Define genetic variation - correct answer-✅difference in genetic material that is transmitted from
parents to offspring
Define ecology - correct answer-✅the study of how organisms interact with one another and with their
physical environment in nature
Elements are made up of _______ type(s) of atom(s) - correct answer-✅one
Atoms are made up of what? - correct answer-✅-protons
-neutrons
-electron
Atoms' nucleus is made of what? - correct answer-✅protons and neutrons
What is the charge of protons? - correct answer-✅positive
What is the charge of a neutron? - correct answer-✅neutral
What is the charge of a electron? - correct answer-✅negative
What is an ion? - correct answer-✅A charged atom
Loss of an electron is a - correct answer-✅cation
Gain of an electron is a - correct answer-✅anion
If you lose an electron the atom becomes - correct answer-✅positive
If you gain an electron the atom becomes - correct answer-✅negative
Mass number - correct answer-✅protons + neutrons
The further the electrons are from the nucleus of an atom the _________ stable they are - correct
answer-✅less stable
Various energy levels are called - correct answer-✅shells
Shells contain - correct answer-✅orbitals
Tips for drawing a atom's electrons - correct answer-✅-must fill the first shell before beginning the
second
-each orbital gets one electron before they get two
The second shell of electrons can hold how many? - correct answer-✅8 electrons
Carbon has how many valence electrons? - correct answer-✅4
What is unique about the rows of the periodic table? - correct answer-✅they have the same number of
shells and orbitals
What is unique about the columns of the periodic table? - correct answer-✅same number of valence
electrons
Atoms are most stable when what? - correct answer-✅when their shells are filled
Why is carbon so versatile? - correct answer-✅it can form 4 bonds
What are the two shapes carbon is usually found in? - correct answer-✅-tetrahedron
-pyramidal
-linear
Why could carbon form a linear bond? - correct answer-✅because three carbon could form double
bonds
Define isomer - correct answer-✅same atoms different arrangements
Function is dependent on - correct answer-✅structure
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT/VERIFIED
SOLUTIONS
What are the steps in the scientific method? - correct answer-✅-exploration and discovery
-testing ideas
-community analysis and feedback
-benefits and outcomes
Define Theory - correct answer-✅A well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world,
based on a body of gives that have been repeatedly confirmed
The earth's crust consist mainly of what elements? - correct answer-✅oxygen and silicon
The human body consist mainly of what elements? - correct answer-✅oxygen, carbon, and hydrogen
Are viruses made of cells? - correct answer-✅no
What is the central dogma? - correct answer-✅DNA -> RNA -> Protein
When simple compounds are combined into more complex molecules, the entropy inside the cell
__________. - correct answer-✅decreases
When energy is released as heat, what happens to the entropy? - correct answer-✅the entropy
increases
Humans and chimpanzees share _______% of our DNA. - correct answer-✅98.8
What do nodes do? - correct answer-✅indicate a common ancestor
What makes a good hypothesis? - correct answer-✅a prediction about observations not yet made and
can be tested by experiment or further observation
What are the characteristics of life? - correct answer-✅-complexity
-ability to change in response to the environment
-ability to reproduce
-capacity to evolve
What two elements make up 99% of matter? - correct answer-✅hydrogen and helium
What is the first law of thermodynamics? - correct answer-✅energy can neither be created nor
destroyed; it can only be transformed from one form to another
What is the second law of thermodynamics? - correct answer-✅the degree of disorder in the universe
tends to increase
The amount of disorder in a system is the ________ of the system - correct answer-✅entropy
Who completed the experiment with rotting meat? - correct answer-✅Francesco Redi
What did Francesco Redi's experiment prove? - correct answer-✅living things only come from other
living things
What was the hypothesis which Louis Pasture tested? - correct answer-✅that microorganisms can arise
by spontaneous generation
What did Louis Pasture's experiment prove? - correct answer-✅that microbes carried on airborne dust
particles is necessary for microbial growth
Define plasma membrane - correct answer-✅separates the living material within the cell from the
nonliving environment around it
What is the main difference between Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes? - correct answer-✅prokaryotes do
not have a nucleus
What are the two sources by which organisms acquire energy? - correct answer-✅sun and chemical
compounds
, Define metabolism - correct answer-✅chemical reactions by which cells convert energy from one form
to another and build and breakdown molcules
Define ATP - correct answer-✅stored energy in a chemical form
How does a virus spread? - correct answer-✅hijacks a cell
Define natural selection - correct answer-✅the process whereby organisms better adapt to their
environment tend to survive and produce more offspring
Define environmental variation - correct answer-✅different environments have an effect on the
organism
Define genetic variation - correct answer-✅difference in genetic material that is transmitted from
parents to offspring
Define ecology - correct answer-✅the study of how organisms interact with one another and with their
physical environment in nature
Elements are made up of _______ type(s) of atom(s) - correct answer-✅one
Atoms are made up of what? - correct answer-✅-protons
-neutrons
-electron
Atoms' nucleus is made of what? - correct answer-✅protons and neutrons
What is the charge of protons? - correct answer-✅positive
What is the charge of a neutron? - correct answer-✅neutral
What is the charge of a electron? - correct answer-✅negative
What is an ion? - correct answer-✅A charged atom
Loss of an electron is a - correct answer-✅cation
Gain of an electron is a - correct answer-✅anion
If you lose an electron the atom becomes - correct answer-✅positive
If you gain an electron the atom becomes - correct answer-✅negative
Mass number - correct answer-✅protons + neutrons
The further the electrons are from the nucleus of an atom the _________ stable they are - correct
answer-✅less stable
Various energy levels are called - correct answer-✅shells
Shells contain - correct answer-✅orbitals
Tips for drawing a atom's electrons - correct answer-✅-must fill the first shell before beginning the
second
-each orbital gets one electron before they get two
The second shell of electrons can hold how many? - correct answer-✅8 electrons
Carbon has how many valence electrons? - correct answer-✅4
What is unique about the rows of the periodic table? - correct answer-✅they have the same number of
shells and orbitals
What is unique about the columns of the periodic table? - correct answer-✅same number of valence
electrons
Atoms are most stable when what? - correct answer-✅when their shells are filled
Why is carbon so versatile? - correct answer-✅it can form 4 bonds
What are the two shapes carbon is usually found in? - correct answer-✅-tetrahedron
-pyramidal
-linear
Why could carbon form a linear bond? - correct answer-✅because three carbon could form double
bonds
Define isomer - correct answer-✅same atoms different arrangements
Function is dependent on - correct answer-✅structure
