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Nur 631 Midterm Study Guide 2025 with Complete Solutions

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Nur 631 Midterm Study Guide 2025 with Complete Solutions

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Nur 631
Module
Nur 631











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Institution
Nur 631
Module
Nur 631

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Uploaded on
April 10, 2025
Number of pages
33
Written in
2024/2025
Type
Exam (elaborations)
Contains
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Nur 631 Midterm Study Guide 2025 with
Complete Solutions
NucleusN-NCORRECTNANSWERN-ControlNcenterNofNtheNcell



NucleolisN-NCORRECTNANSWERN-whereNribosomesNareNmade



MitochondriaN-NCORRECTNANSWERN-
PowerhouseNofNtheNcell,NorganelleNthatNisNtheNsiteNofNATPN(energy)Nproduction



phosolipidNbilayerN-NCORRECTNANSWERN-
aNthinNpolarNmembraneNmadeNofNtwoNlayersNofNlipidNmolecules.NThisNstopsNwater-
solubleNmoleculesNfromNcrossingNtheNcellNmembrane



GolgiNcomplexN-NCORRECTNANSWERN-
organelleNthatNmodifies,Npackages,NandNtransportsNmaterialNoutNofNtheNcell.



LysosomesN-NCORRECTNANSWERN-
cellNorganelleNfilledNwithNenzymesNneededNtoNbreakNdownNcertainNmaterialsNinNtheNcell



CellNmembraneN(plasmaNmembrane)N-NCORRECTNANSWERN-
phospholipidNbilayerNthatNsurroundsNallNcellsNandNregulatesNwhatNentersNandNleavesNtheNcell



DNAN-NCORRECTNANSWERN-
ANcomplexNmoleculeNcontainingNtheNgeneticNinformationNthatNmakesNupNtheNchromosomes.



RNAN-NCORRECTNANSWERN-ANsingle-strandedNnucleicNacidNthatNpassesNalongNgeneticNmessages

,MessengerNRNAN(mRNA)N-NCORRECTNANSWERN-
formNofNRNANthatNcarriesNgeneticNinformationNfromNtheNnucleusNtoNtheNcytoplasm,NwhereNitNserv
esNasNaNtemplateNforNproteinNsynthesis



RibosomesN-NCORRECTNANSWERN-MakesNproteins



EndoplasmicNReticulumN(ER)N-NCORRECTNANSWERN-
ANcellNstructureNthatNformsNaNmazeNofNpassagewaysNinNwhichNproteinsNandNotherNmaterialsNareNca
rriedNfromNoneNpartNofNtheNcellNtoNanother.



CytoplasmN-NCORRECTNANSWERN-
ANjellylikeNfluidNinsideNtheNcellNinNwhichNtheNorganellesNareNsuspended



PeroxisomesN-NCORRECTNANSWERN-BreakNdownNfattyNacidsNandNproduceNhydrogenNperoxide



adherensNjunctionsN-NCORRECTNANSWERN-
makeNanNadhesionNbeltNthatNkeepsNtissuesNfromNseparatingNasNtheyNstretchNandNcontract



DesmosomesN(anchoringNjunctions)N-NCORRECTNANSWERN-
ANtypeNofNcellNjunctionNinNanimalNcellsNthatNfunctionsNlikeNrivets,NfasteningNcellsNtogetherNintoNstro
ngNsheets.NIntermediateNfilamentsNmadeNofNsturdyNkeratinNproteinsNanchorNthemNinNtheNcytoplas
m.NTheyNattachNmuscleNcellsNtoNeachNotherNinNaNmuscle.



AnabolismN-NCORRECTNANSWERN-
MetabolicNpathwaysNthatNconstructNmolecules,NrequiringNenergy.



CatabolismN-NCORRECTNANSWERN-
MetabolicNpathwaysNthatNbreakNdownNmolecules,NreleasingNenergy.

,passiveNtransportN-NCORRECTNANSWERN-
RequiresNNONenergy,NMovementNofNmoleculesNfromNhighNtoNlowNconcentration,NMovesNwithNtheN
concentrationNgradient



activeNtransportN-NCORRECTNANSWERN-Energy-
requiringNprocessNthatNmovesNmaterialNacrossNaNcellNmembraneNagainstNaNconcentrationNdifferen
ce



OsmosisN-NCORRECTNANSWERN-DiffusionNofNwaterNthroughNaNselectivelyNpermeableNmembrane



isotonicNsolutionN-NCORRECTNANSWERN-
ANsolutionNinNwhichNtheNconcentrationNofNsolutesNisNessentiallyNequalNtoNthatNofNtheNcellNwhichNre
sidesNinNtheNsolution



HypertonicN-NCORRECTNANSWERN-
whenNcomparingNtwoNsolutions,NtheNsolutionNwithNtheNgreaterNconcentrationNofNsolutes.NCellsNsh
rink.



hypotonicNsolutionN-NCORRECTNANSWERN-
aNsolutionNthatNcausesNaNcellNtoNswellNbecauseNofNosmosis



OsmolarityN(NlitersN)N-NCORRECTNANSWERN-totalNconcentrationNofNallNsoluteNparticlesNinNaNsolution



OsmolalityN(Nkilograms)N-NCORRECTNANSWERN-
measurementsNofNtheNsoluteNconcentrationNofNaNsolution.



DepolarizationN-NCORRECTNANSWERN-
TheNprocessNduringNtheNactionNpotentialNwhenNsodiumNisNrushingNintoNtheNcellNcausingNtheNinteri
orNtoNbecomeNmoreNpositive.

, refractoryNperiodN-NCORRECTNANSWERN-aNperiodNofNinactivityNafterNaNneuronNhasNfired



absoluteNrefractoryNperiodN-NCORRECTNANSWERN-
timeNduringNwhichNanotherNactionNpotentialNisNimpossible.NDoesn'tNmatterNwhatNisNstimulatingNth
eNheart,NnothingNcanNhappenNduringNthisNperiod.



restingNpotentialN-NCORRECTNANSWERN-theNstateNofNtheNneuronNwhenNnotNfiringNaNneuralNimpulse



HypolarizationN-NCORRECTNANSWERN-
AnNovershootNofNtheNrepolarizationNprocess;NcharacterizedNtheNcell'sNmembraneNpotentialNgoingN
belowNtheNnormalNrestingNlevel.



HyperpolarizationN-NCORRECTNANSWERN-
anNincreaseNinNtheNmembraneNpotentialNofNaNcell,NrelativeNtoNtheNnormalNrestingNpotential



thresholdNpotentialN-NCORRECTNANSWERN-
TheNminimumNmembraneNpotentialNthatNmustNbeNreachedNinNorderNforNanNactionNpotentialNtoNbe
Ngenerated.




repolarizationNphaseN-NCORRECTNANSWERN-
membraneNpotentialNreturnsNtowardNtheNrestingNmembraneNpotentialNandNbecomesNmoreNnegati
ve



ProteinN-NCORRECTNANSWERN-
WhatNtheNbodyNusesNtoNtransportNsomethingNacrossNcellNmembrane



ExotoxinsN(NbacteriaNgrowth)N-NCORRECTNANSWERN-
toxicNsubstancesNthatNbacteriaNsecreteNintoNtheirNenvironment
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