HROB 2090 Final Exam| Question with 100%
Correct Answers
Factors in evaluating Risk (2) - ✔️✔️- consequence
- probability
Decisions Made based on... (4) - ✔️✔️- empiracle studies
- professional expertise
- organizational data
- stakeholders value and concern
Why do most errors occur? - ✔️✔️because people thought they knew best but didn't look at
evidence
Mere Exposure Bias - ✔️✔️more exposed to some one the more we agree with them
Hindsight Bias - ✔️✔️claim we knew that was gonna happen all along, shift blame
Halo Effect - ✔️✔️if perceived positively in one area, person seems positive in other areas,
generalize personality elsewhere
Authority Bias - ✔️✔️those in higher titles trusted because of authority
In-group Bias - ✔️✔️agree with ppl similar to use and disagree with those different
False Consensus Effect - ✔️✔️create belief that lots of ppl agree with you and convince others to
agree too
Loss Aversion - ✔️✔️we emphasize losses more than gains
Framing Effect - ✔️✔️Decisions are influenced by how the choices are stated
Meta-Cognitive Bias - ✔️✔️unskilled individuals overestimate their abilities and they know it
Self-Serving Bias - ✔️✔️perceive yourself in overly favourable manner or need to enhance self
esteem, take credit for successful outcomes (dispositional) and deny responsibilities for failures
(situational)
Attribution Bias - ✔️✔️the tendency to attribute one's own negative behavior to external causes
and one's positive actions to internal states
Recall Bias - ✔️✔️error associated with remembering
,Sunk Cost Fallacy - ✔️✔️we are reluctant to waste something we have paid for
Cognitive Dissonance Reduction - ✔️✔️process by which people are motivated to reduce tension
between beliefs or behavior
Personality - ✔️✔️psychological characteristics that influence way someone interacts with
environment and how they feel, think and behave
Dispositional Approach - ✔️✔️individuals have stable traits that influence their attitudes and
behaviours
Situational Approach - ✔️✔️characteristics of organizational setting influence ppl's attitudes and
behaviours
Interactionist Approach - ✔️✔️individuals attitudes and behaviours are function of dispositions
and situation
Trait Activation Theory - ✔️✔️traits lead to certain behaviours only when situation makes need
for it
Five Factor Model Traits - ✔️✔️openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness,
neuroticism
Most important five factor model traits for hiring and selecting: - ✔️✔️conscientiousness and
extraversion
Least useful five factor model trait - ✔️✔️openness to experience
Extraversion - ✔️✔️- extent of going out vs shy (low extraversion - do good by themselves)
- sociable, outgoing, energetic, joyful, assertive
Neuroticism (Emotional Stability) - ✔️✔️- degree to which one has appropriate emotional control
- increased ES = decreased neuroticism
- self confident, high self esteem, calm cool and collected
- decreased ES = self doubt, depression, hostile, impulsive insecure, easy to sadden
Agreeableness - ✔️✔️- extent of one being friendly and approachable
- warm, considerate, friendly, sympathetic, cooperative, eager to help
- low agreeableness = cold, argumentative, inflexible, uncaring
Conscientiousness (4) - ✔️✔️- degree to be responsible and achievement orientated, strategically
focused
- connected and in tuned to situation
, - dependable, highly motivated, orderly, hard working
- low conscientiousness = irresponsible, lazy, impulsive
Openness (to experience) - ✔️✔️- extent to think flexibly and receptive to new ideas
- engagement with different world views
- creative and innovative, risk taker
- low openness = favours status quo
Locus of Control - ✔️✔️set of beliefs about whether one's behaviour is controlled by internal or
external factors
People whose behaviour is controlled by external factors... - ✔️✔️- view life as unpredictable,
fate, luck
People whose behaviour is controlled by internal factors... - ✔️✔️- see stronger link between effort
they put in and performance level they achieve and influence reward they achieve
Self Monitoring (3) - ✔️✔️- extent to which people observe/regulate how they appear and behave
in social settings and relationships
- low monitors: wear heart on sleeve, don't care what people think
- high monitors: control images they project, see cues and regulate presentation
Self Esteem - ✔️✔️degree of positive self evaluation
Behavioural Plasticity Theory - ✔️✔️people with low self esteem are more susceptible to
external/social influences
Positive Affectivity - ✔️✔️positive emotions/moods lead to more joy and excitement, cheerful,
enthusiastic, lively, sociable, energetic
Negative Affectivity - ✔️✔️- fear, anxiety, negative light on world
- negative view of themselves and world
- distressed, depressed, unhappy
Proactive Behaviour - ✔️✔️taking initiative to improve current circumstances or create new ones
Proactive Personality - ✔️✔️stable personal disposition, reflects tendency to take initiative across
range of situations to effect positive change in one's environment
General Self Efficacy - ✔️✔️belief in your ability to perform successfully in variety of challenging
situations
HEXACO - ✔️✔️honesty-humility, emotional stability, extraversion, agreeableness,
conscientiousness, openness to experience
Correct Answers
Factors in evaluating Risk (2) - ✔️✔️- consequence
- probability
Decisions Made based on... (4) - ✔️✔️- empiracle studies
- professional expertise
- organizational data
- stakeholders value and concern
Why do most errors occur? - ✔️✔️because people thought they knew best but didn't look at
evidence
Mere Exposure Bias - ✔️✔️more exposed to some one the more we agree with them
Hindsight Bias - ✔️✔️claim we knew that was gonna happen all along, shift blame
Halo Effect - ✔️✔️if perceived positively in one area, person seems positive in other areas,
generalize personality elsewhere
Authority Bias - ✔️✔️those in higher titles trusted because of authority
In-group Bias - ✔️✔️agree with ppl similar to use and disagree with those different
False Consensus Effect - ✔️✔️create belief that lots of ppl agree with you and convince others to
agree too
Loss Aversion - ✔️✔️we emphasize losses more than gains
Framing Effect - ✔️✔️Decisions are influenced by how the choices are stated
Meta-Cognitive Bias - ✔️✔️unskilled individuals overestimate their abilities and they know it
Self-Serving Bias - ✔️✔️perceive yourself in overly favourable manner or need to enhance self
esteem, take credit for successful outcomes (dispositional) and deny responsibilities for failures
(situational)
Attribution Bias - ✔️✔️the tendency to attribute one's own negative behavior to external causes
and one's positive actions to internal states
Recall Bias - ✔️✔️error associated with remembering
,Sunk Cost Fallacy - ✔️✔️we are reluctant to waste something we have paid for
Cognitive Dissonance Reduction - ✔️✔️process by which people are motivated to reduce tension
between beliefs or behavior
Personality - ✔️✔️psychological characteristics that influence way someone interacts with
environment and how they feel, think and behave
Dispositional Approach - ✔️✔️individuals have stable traits that influence their attitudes and
behaviours
Situational Approach - ✔️✔️characteristics of organizational setting influence ppl's attitudes and
behaviours
Interactionist Approach - ✔️✔️individuals attitudes and behaviours are function of dispositions
and situation
Trait Activation Theory - ✔️✔️traits lead to certain behaviours only when situation makes need
for it
Five Factor Model Traits - ✔️✔️openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness,
neuroticism
Most important five factor model traits for hiring and selecting: - ✔️✔️conscientiousness and
extraversion
Least useful five factor model trait - ✔️✔️openness to experience
Extraversion - ✔️✔️- extent of going out vs shy (low extraversion - do good by themselves)
- sociable, outgoing, energetic, joyful, assertive
Neuroticism (Emotional Stability) - ✔️✔️- degree to which one has appropriate emotional control
- increased ES = decreased neuroticism
- self confident, high self esteem, calm cool and collected
- decreased ES = self doubt, depression, hostile, impulsive insecure, easy to sadden
Agreeableness - ✔️✔️- extent of one being friendly and approachable
- warm, considerate, friendly, sympathetic, cooperative, eager to help
- low agreeableness = cold, argumentative, inflexible, uncaring
Conscientiousness (4) - ✔️✔️- degree to be responsible and achievement orientated, strategically
focused
- connected and in tuned to situation
, - dependable, highly motivated, orderly, hard working
- low conscientiousness = irresponsible, lazy, impulsive
Openness (to experience) - ✔️✔️- extent to think flexibly and receptive to new ideas
- engagement with different world views
- creative and innovative, risk taker
- low openness = favours status quo
Locus of Control - ✔️✔️set of beliefs about whether one's behaviour is controlled by internal or
external factors
People whose behaviour is controlled by external factors... - ✔️✔️- view life as unpredictable,
fate, luck
People whose behaviour is controlled by internal factors... - ✔️✔️- see stronger link between effort
they put in and performance level they achieve and influence reward they achieve
Self Monitoring (3) - ✔️✔️- extent to which people observe/regulate how they appear and behave
in social settings and relationships
- low monitors: wear heart on sleeve, don't care what people think
- high monitors: control images they project, see cues and regulate presentation
Self Esteem - ✔️✔️degree of positive self evaluation
Behavioural Plasticity Theory - ✔️✔️people with low self esteem are more susceptible to
external/social influences
Positive Affectivity - ✔️✔️positive emotions/moods lead to more joy and excitement, cheerful,
enthusiastic, lively, sociable, energetic
Negative Affectivity - ✔️✔️- fear, anxiety, negative light on world
- negative view of themselves and world
- distressed, depressed, unhappy
Proactive Behaviour - ✔️✔️taking initiative to improve current circumstances or create new ones
Proactive Personality - ✔️✔️stable personal disposition, reflects tendency to take initiative across
range of situations to effect positive change in one's environment
General Self Efficacy - ✔️✔️belief in your ability to perform successfully in variety of challenging
situations
HEXACO - ✔️✔️honesty-humility, emotional stability, extraversion, agreeableness,
conscientiousness, openness to experience
