NUR 328 Health & Illness (Accomplished)
Full Finals Exam Review (Qns & Ans)
2025
1. Multiple Choice
A 72-year-old patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD) presents
with fatigue, pruritus, and pallor. Laboratory results reveal a
hemoglobin level of 8.2 g/dL. What is the most likely cause of
their symptoms?
A. Iron deficiency anemia
B. Anemia of chronic disease
C. Acute blood loss
D. Hemolytic anemia
ANS: B. Anemia of chronic disease
©2025
, Rationale: CKD impairs erythropoietin production, resulting in
anemia of chronic disease, characterized by fatigue, pruritus, and
pallor.
---
2. Fill-in-the-Blank
The primary hormone responsible for regulating water balance
and serum osmolality is _.
ANS: Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
Rationale: ADH regulates water reabsorption in the kidneys,
maintaining serum osmolality and fluid balance.
---
3. True/False
Obstructive sleep apnea is associated with an increased risk of
cardiovascular disease.
ANS: True
©2025
, Rationale: Recurrent apnea episodes lead to intermittent
hypoxia, increasing the risk of hypertension, arrhythmias, and
cardiovascular disease.
---
4. Multiple Response
Which clinical findings are characteristic of metabolic syndrome?
(Select all that apply.)
A. Central obesity
B. Hyperglycemia
C. Hypotension
D. Elevated triglycerides
ANS: A, B, D
Rationale: Metabolic syndrome includes central obesity,
hyperglycemia, elevated triglycerides, hypertension, and low
HDL levels.
---
5. Multiple Choice
©2025
, A patient with liver cirrhosis develops confusion, asterixis, and
elevated serum ammonia levels. Which condition should the nurse
suspect?
A. Acute hepatic failure
B. Hepatic encephalopathy
C. Portal hypertension
D. Wernicke’s encephalopathy
ANS: B. Hepatic encephalopathy
Rationale: Hepatic encephalopathy results from elevated
ammonia levels due to impaired liver detoxification, causing
neurological symptoms.
---
6. Fill-in-the-Blank
The hallmark symptom of peripheral artery disease (PAD) is _.
ANS: Intermittent claudication
Rationale: PAD causes reduced blood flow to the extremities,
leading to muscle pain during activity that resolves with rest.
©2025
Full Finals Exam Review (Qns & Ans)
2025
1. Multiple Choice
A 72-year-old patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD) presents
with fatigue, pruritus, and pallor. Laboratory results reveal a
hemoglobin level of 8.2 g/dL. What is the most likely cause of
their symptoms?
A. Iron deficiency anemia
B. Anemia of chronic disease
C. Acute blood loss
D. Hemolytic anemia
ANS: B. Anemia of chronic disease
©2025
, Rationale: CKD impairs erythropoietin production, resulting in
anemia of chronic disease, characterized by fatigue, pruritus, and
pallor.
---
2. Fill-in-the-Blank
The primary hormone responsible for regulating water balance
and serum osmolality is _.
ANS: Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
Rationale: ADH regulates water reabsorption in the kidneys,
maintaining serum osmolality and fluid balance.
---
3. True/False
Obstructive sleep apnea is associated with an increased risk of
cardiovascular disease.
ANS: True
©2025
, Rationale: Recurrent apnea episodes lead to intermittent
hypoxia, increasing the risk of hypertension, arrhythmias, and
cardiovascular disease.
---
4. Multiple Response
Which clinical findings are characteristic of metabolic syndrome?
(Select all that apply.)
A. Central obesity
B. Hyperglycemia
C. Hypotension
D. Elevated triglycerides
ANS: A, B, D
Rationale: Metabolic syndrome includes central obesity,
hyperglycemia, elevated triglycerides, hypertension, and low
HDL levels.
---
5. Multiple Choice
©2025
, A patient with liver cirrhosis develops confusion, asterixis, and
elevated serum ammonia levels. Which condition should the nurse
suspect?
A. Acute hepatic failure
B. Hepatic encephalopathy
C. Portal hypertension
D. Wernicke’s encephalopathy
ANS: B. Hepatic encephalopathy
Rationale: Hepatic encephalopathy results from elevated
ammonia levels due to impaired liver detoxification, causing
neurological symptoms.
---
6. Fill-in-the-Blank
The hallmark symptom of peripheral artery disease (PAD) is _.
ANS: Intermittent claudication
Rationale: PAD causes reduced blood flow to the extremities,
leading to muscle pain during activity that resolves with rest.
©2025
