1. Case Study: A 60-year-old female presents with unintentional
weight loss, persistent cough, and hemoptysis. She is a smoker.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Chronic bronchitis
B. Tuberculosis
C. Lung cancer
D. Pneumonia
Answer: C. Lung cancer
Rationale: Smoking is a major risk factor for lung cancer, which
can present with a persistent cough, weight loss, and hemoptysis
(coughing up blood).
2. Case Study: A 40-year-old male presents with increasing
fatigue, jaundice, and dark urine. His history includes heavy
alcohol consumption.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Hepatitis
B. Cirrhosis
C. Pancreatitis
D. Cholecystitis
Answer: B. Cirrhosis
Rationale: Cirrhosis is a late stage of scarring of the liver caused
by chronic liver diseases, including alcoholism. Symptoms include
jaundice, dark urine, and fatigue.
3. Case Study: A 30-year-old female presents with joint pain,
fatigue, and a red rash on her cheeks and nose.
Question: What condition is most likely causing her symptoms?
A. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
B. Rheumatoid arthritis
C. Psoriatic arthritis
,D. Gout
Answer: A. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
Rationale: SLE is an autoimmune disorder that often presents with
a characteristic butterfly-shaped rash across the cheeks and nose,
along with joint pain and fatigue.
4. Case Study: A 30-year-old male presents with back pain and a
limited range of motion. His blood tests show high ESR
(erythrocyte sedimentation rate).
Question: What condition is most likely causing his symptoms?
A. Osteoarthritis
B. Ankylosing spondylitis
C. Rheumatoid arthritis
D. Lumbar strain
Answer: B. Ankylosing spondylitis
Rationale: Ankylosing spondylitis is a type of arthritis that
primarily affects the spine, causing back pain and stiffness. It is
associated with a high ESR.
5. Case Study: A 45-year-old female presents with hair loss, weight
gain, and cold intolerance. Her laboratory tests show low TSH,
low T3, and low T4 levels.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Hypothyroidism
B. Hyperthyroidism
C. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
D. Cushing's syndrome
Answer: C. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
Rationale: Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is an autoimmune disorder that
causes hypothyroidism. The low TSH, T3, and T4 levels, along
with the clinical presentation, are consistent with this diagnosis.
6. Case Study: A 30-year-old female with a history of frequent
, urination and extreme thirst is diagnosed with type 1 diabetes
mellitus.
Question: Which organ is primarily involved in the regulation of
her blood sugar levels?
A. Pancreas
B. Liver
C. Kidney
D. Small intestine
Answer: A. Pancreas
Rationale: The pancreas produces insulin, which regulates blood
glucose levels. In type 1 diabetes, the body fails to produce insulin
due to autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells.
7. Case Study: A 35-year-old male with a history of high blood
pressure presents with a swollen, red right leg and pain when
walking.
Question: What condition is most likely causing his symptoms?
A. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
B. Cellulitis
C. Lymphedema
D. Peripheral artery disease
Answer: A. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
Rationale: DVT is characterized by swelling, redness, and pain in
the affected leg, often in the calf, due to a blood clot in the deep
veins.
8. Case Study: A 45-year-old male presents with severe, sudden
abdominal pain that radiates to the back, nausea, and vomiting.
His serum amylase and lipase are elevated.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Acute pancreatitis
B. Gallbladder disease
C. Peptic ulcer disease
weight loss, persistent cough, and hemoptysis. She is a smoker.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Chronic bronchitis
B. Tuberculosis
C. Lung cancer
D. Pneumonia
Answer: C. Lung cancer
Rationale: Smoking is a major risk factor for lung cancer, which
can present with a persistent cough, weight loss, and hemoptysis
(coughing up blood).
2. Case Study: A 40-year-old male presents with increasing
fatigue, jaundice, and dark urine. His history includes heavy
alcohol consumption.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Hepatitis
B. Cirrhosis
C. Pancreatitis
D. Cholecystitis
Answer: B. Cirrhosis
Rationale: Cirrhosis is a late stage of scarring of the liver caused
by chronic liver diseases, including alcoholism. Symptoms include
jaundice, dark urine, and fatigue.
3. Case Study: A 30-year-old female presents with joint pain,
fatigue, and a red rash on her cheeks and nose.
Question: What condition is most likely causing her symptoms?
A. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
B. Rheumatoid arthritis
C. Psoriatic arthritis
,D. Gout
Answer: A. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
Rationale: SLE is an autoimmune disorder that often presents with
a characteristic butterfly-shaped rash across the cheeks and nose,
along with joint pain and fatigue.
4. Case Study: A 30-year-old male presents with back pain and a
limited range of motion. His blood tests show high ESR
(erythrocyte sedimentation rate).
Question: What condition is most likely causing his symptoms?
A. Osteoarthritis
B. Ankylosing spondylitis
C. Rheumatoid arthritis
D. Lumbar strain
Answer: B. Ankylosing spondylitis
Rationale: Ankylosing spondylitis is a type of arthritis that
primarily affects the spine, causing back pain and stiffness. It is
associated with a high ESR.
5. Case Study: A 45-year-old female presents with hair loss, weight
gain, and cold intolerance. Her laboratory tests show low TSH,
low T3, and low T4 levels.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Hypothyroidism
B. Hyperthyroidism
C. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
D. Cushing's syndrome
Answer: C. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
Rationale: Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is an autoimmune disorder that
causes hypothyroidism. The low TSH, T3, and T4 levels, along
with the clinical presentation, are consistent with this diagnosis.
6. Case Study: A 30-year-old female with a history of frequent
, urination and extreme thirst is diagnosed with type 1 diabetes
mellitus.
Question: Which organ is primarily involved in the regulation of
her blood sugar levels?
A. Pancreas
B. Liver
C. Kidney
D. Small intestine
Answer: A. Pancreas
Rationale: The pancreas produces insulin, which regulates blood
glucose levels. In type 1 diabetes, the body fails to produce insulin
due to autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells.
7. Case Study: A 35-year-old male with a history of high blood
pressure presents with a swollen, red right leg and pain when
walking.
Question: What condition is most likely causing his symptoms?
A. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
B. Cellulitis
C. Lymphedema
D. Peripheral artery disease
Answer: A. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
Rationale: DVT is characterized by swelling, redness, and pain in
the affected leg, often in the calf, due to a blood clot in the deep
veins.
8. Case Study: A 45-year-old male presents with severe, sudden
abdominal pain that radiates to the back, nausea, and vomiting.
His serum amylase and lipase are elevated.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Acute pancreatitis
B. Gallbladder disease
C. Peptic ulcer disease
