Nursing 213 Exam 1 Questions And
Answers With Complete Solutions | New
Update 2025
CVA - ANSWER "stroke" or brain attack
-Can cause perm brain damage (3hr= 10yr difference)
*#1 risk- 65+* also African American
-death of neurons
Non modifiable risk factors CVA - ANSWER -age
-male more common but more women die from
-African American
-family hx
Modifiable risk factors CVA - ANSWER -HTN
-heart disease
-diabetes (decr circ)
-increased cholesterol (atherosclerosis)
-smoking/alcohol use
-obesity (abd girth)
-birth control or pregnancy (female hormones present)
-*sleep apnea*
,TIA - ANSWER "mini stroke"
-Temp focal loss of neurologic function less than 24hr
-Signs last 1-5 min or up to 24hr
-Warning sign of progressive cerebrovascular disease
*S/S: loss of thought, tingling, weakness*
Tx: usually resolve on own, needs investigated
3 causes of strokes - ANSWER -Hemorrhagic
-Thrombotic
-Embolic
Hemorrhagic stroke - ANSWER secondary to rupture of artery, the amount of
hemorrhage will affect outcome by increasing ICP and ischemia *more blood
flow= higher ICP; can see bruising = decr function*
Thrombotic stroke - ANSWER occur secondary to the development of blood
clot on an atherosclerotic plaque *symptoms dev over several hrs to days*
*numbness doesn't get better* indication
Embolic stroke - ANSWER clot forms in chamber of heart and travels towards
brain and becomes lodged; blood to distal area is shut off
*S/S- QUICK, c/o headache, loss of consciousness, vomiting, hemiplegia*
Can you dissolve a clot for a embolic stroke? - ANSWER yes- time is of the
essence *alteplase* tPA within 3 hours of first symptoms depending on where the
clot is located.
, *All clot busters end in ASE*
Assessment for stroke patients - ANSWER FAST
F- facial drooping or loss of smile
A- arms one will drop or not rise or unable to move
S- speech observe for slurred speech/diff talking
T- time- 911 for any sign ASAP *don't need all*
Clinical manifestations of strokes - ANSWER -Sudden change in visual function
-Sudden loss of sensory or motor function
-Complain of sudden and explosive headache
-Depressed level of consciousness
-Alteration in coordination or cognition
-Affect: labile moods
-Communication: Dysphagia/Aphasia
-Intellectual: sometimes ok some become baby-like
-Spatial perceptual alterations: hemianopia (only see out of one eye); apraxia;
neglect syndrome (whole side of body, act like it doesn't exist)
Treatment strokes - ANSWER *brain is time*
-prevention is best for modifiable conditions
*Goal- reestablish blood flow (so don't lose brain cells)
-Thrombolytic for ischemic strokes- Ase's
**TPA not used for hemorrhagic strokes**
Answers With Complete Solutions | New
Update 2025
CVA - ANSWER "stroke" or brain attack
-Can cause perm brain damage (3hr= 10yr difference)
*#1 risk- 65+* also African American
-death of neurons
Non modifiable risk factors CVA - ANSWER -age
-male more common but more women die from
-African American
-family hx
Modifiable risk factors CVA - ANSWER -HTN
-heart disease
-diabetes (decr circ)
-increased cholesterol (atherosclerosis)
-smoking/alcohol use
-obesity (abd girth)
-birth control or pregnancy (female hormones present)
-*sleep apnea*
,TIA - ANSWER "mini stroke"
-Temp focal loss of neurologic function less than 24hr
-Signs last 1-5 min or up to 24hr
-Warning sign of progressive cerebrovascular disease
*S/S: loss of thought, tingling, weakness*
Tx: usually resolve on own, needs investigated
3 causes of strokes - ANSWER -Hemorrhagic
-Thrombotic
-Embolic
Hemorrhagic stroke - ANSWER secondary to rupture of artery, the amount of
hemorrhage will affect outcome by increasing ICP and ischemia *more blood
flow= higher ICP; can see bruising = decr function*
Thrombotic stroke - ANSWER occur secondary to the development of blood
clot on an atherosclerotic plaque *symptoms dev over several hrs to days*
*numbness doesn't get better* indication
Embolic stroke - ANSWER clot forms in chamber of heart and travels towards
brain and becomes lodged; blood to distal area is shut off
*S/S- QUICK, c/o headache, loss of consciousness, vomiting, hemiplegia*
Can you dissolve a clot for a embolic stroke? - ANSWER yes- time is of the
essence *alteplase* tPA within 3 hours of first symptoms depending on where the
clot is located.
, *All clot busters end in ASE*
Assessment for stroke patients - ANSWER FAST
F- facial drooping or loss of smile
A- arms one will drop or not rise or unable to move
S- speech observe for slurred speech/diff talking
T- time- 911 for any sign ASAP *don't need all*
Clinical manifestations of strokes - ANSWER -Sudden change in visual function
-Sudden loss of sensory or motor function
-Complain of sudden and explosive headache
-Depressed level of consciousness
-Alteration in coordination or cognition
-Affect: labile moods
-Communication: Dysphagia/Aphasia
-Intellectual: sometimes ok some become baby-like
-Spatial perceptual alterations: hemianopia (only see out of one eye); apraxia;
neglect syndrome (whole side of body, act like it doesn't exist)
Treatment strokes - ANSWER *brain is time*
-prevention is best for modifiable conditions
*Goal- reestablish blood flow (so don't lose brain cells)
-Thrombolytic for ischemic strokes- Ase's
**TPA not used for hemorrhagic strokes**
