Nursing 213--Unit 4—Shock Actual Questions
And Answers With Complete Solutions | Update
2025
Shock is... - ANSWER widespread abnormal cellular metabolism that occurs
when oxygenation and tissue perfusion needs are not met to the level necessary
to maintain cell function
Shock is classified by the.... - ANSWER functional impairment it causes
The compensatory mechanisms/ adjustment actions are performed by the... -
ANSWER sympathetic nervous system, triggering the stress response and
activating the endocrine and cardiovascular systems.
Tissue and organ perfusion is related to.. - ANSWER MAP (mean arterial
pressure)
Total blood volume and cardiac output are ____ related to MAP so... - ANSWER
*directly*
so increases in either total blood volume or cardiac output *raise* MAP
The size of the vascular bed is ____ related to MAP - ANSWER *Inversely*
The increases in the size of the vascular bed *lower* MAP and decreases raise
MAP
,Cardiac output (CO) and stroke volume (SV) formula - ANSWER CO = SV x HR
Mean arterial pressure (MAP) formula - ANSWER MAP = CO x SVR orMAP = [(2
x DBP) + SBP] / 3
Normal MAP = - ANSWER Normal = 70 -110 mmHg
How much MAP is necessary to maintain adequate perfusion to vital organs? -
ANSWER 60 mmHg
Figure 39-2 Interaction of blood volume and the size of the capillary bed affecting
MAP - ANSWER
Types of shock - ANSWER Hypovolemic
Cardiogenic
Distributive
Anaphylaxis
Septic
Obstructive
Types of shock----*Hypovolemic Shock* - ANSWER Occurs when too little
circulating blood volume causes MAP to decrease, resulting in inadequate total
body oxygenation
, Common problems leading to this--> Hemorrhage and dehydration
Types of shock----*Cardiogenic shock* - ANSWER Occurs when the actual heart
muscle is unhealthy and pumping is directly impaired.
MI is the most common cause of direct pump failure
Other causes:
--Cardiac arrest
--Ventricular dysrhythmias
--Cardiac amyloidosis
--Cardiomyopathies
--Myocardial degneration
Types of shock----*Distributive shock* - ANSWER occurs when blood volume is
not lost from the body but is distributed to the interstitial tissues where it cannot
circulate and deliver oxygen
Caused by:
--a lose of sympathetic tone
--Blood vessel dilation
--Pooling of blood in venous and capillary beds
--Increased capillary leak
^^ all these factors can decrease MAP
And Answers With Complete Solutions | Update
2025
Shock is... - ANSWER widespread abnormal cellular metabolism that occurs
when oxygenation and tissue perfusion needs are not met to the level necessary
to maintain cell function
Shock is classified by the.... - ANSWER functional impairment it causes
The compensatory mechanisms/ adjustment actions are performed by the... -
ANSWER sympathetic nervous system, triggering the stress response and
activating the endocrine and cardiovascular systems.
Tissue and organ perfusion is related to.. - ANSWER MAP (mean arterial
pressure)
Total blood volume and cardiac output are ____ related to MAP so... - ANSWER
*directly*
so increases in either total blood volume or cardiac output *raise* MAP
The size of the vascular bed is ____ related to MAP - ANSWER *Inversely*
The increases in the size of the vascular bed *lower* MAP and decreases raise
MAP
,Cardiac output (CO) and stroke volume (SV) formula - ANSWER CO = SV x HR
Mean arterial pressure (MAP) formula - ANSWER MAP = CO x SVR orMAP = [(2
x DBP) + SBP] / 3
Normal MAP = - ANSWER Normal = 70 -110 mmHg
How much MAP is necessary to maintain adequate perfusion to vital organs? -
ANSWER 60 mmHg
Figure 39-2 Interaction of blood volume and the size of the capillary bed affecting
MAP - ANSWER
Types of shock - ANSWER Hypovolemic
Cardiogenic
Distributive
Anaphylaxis
Septic
Obstructive
Types of shock----*Hypovolemic Shock* - ANSWER Occurs when too little
circulating blood volume causes MAP to decrease, resulting in inadequate total
body oxygenation
, Common problems leading to this--> Hemorrhage and dehydration
Types of shock----*Cardiogenic shock* - ANSWER Occurs when the actual heart
muscle is unhealthy and pumping is directly impaired.
MI is the most common cause of direct pump failure
Other causes:
--Cardiac arrest
--Ventricular dysrhythmias
--Cardiac amyloidosis
--Cardiomyopathies
--Myocardial degneration
Types of shock----*Distributive shock* - ANSWER occurs when blood volume is
not lost from the body but is distributed to the interstitial tissues where it cannot
circulate and deliver oxygen
Caused by:
--a lose of sympathetic tone
--Blood vessel dilation
--Pooling of blood in venous and capillary beds
--Increased capillary leak
^^ all these factors can decrease MAP
