NS 334 Informatics Exam | Complete Solutions (Verified Answers)

NS 334 Informatics Exam | Complete Solutions (Verified Answers) A nurse attends continuing education programs and reads nursing research articles regularly, thereby: A. disseminating nursing knowledge. B. demonstrating professional collaboration. C. contributing to the nurse's foundation of knowledge. D. enhancing the nurse's wisdom. A nurse has committed to lifelong learning and understands that it will come from which of the following? A. The knowledge generation and dissemination from other healthcare providers B. The knowledge acquisition and processing of other healthcare providers C. The generation of knowledge and research from medical health providers D. The research generation from nurse researchers and application of evidence A nurse is caring for a complex patient with a multidisciplinary team. The nurse demonstrates autonomy, advanced critical thinking, and interpersonal skills. What challenge might this nurse have in working with the team? A. Inexperience in leadership B. Resistance to change C. Lack of expertise D. Difficulty making nursing judgments A nurse is caring for a patient who experiences a complication after surgery. The nurse understands the cause-and-effect relationship because her knowledge is based in: A. instinct. B. intuition. C. empiricism. D. reason. A nurse is evaluating the effectiveness of nursing interventions. Which type of knowledge will they use? A. Clinical B. Explicit C. Critical D. Indirect A nurse is explaining cognitive science to a nursing student. Which statement indicates that the nursing student understands? A. "Cognitive science is based on knowledge being derived from experiences or senses." B. "Cognitive science is the study of the nature and origin of knowledge." C. "Cognitive science is computer modeling through artificial neural networks to explain human intellectual abilities." D. "Cognitive science pertains to how information is processed in the mind." A nurse is explaining how cognitive informatics helps improve information technology in health care. Which statement by the nurse is correct? A. "Cognitive informatics helps build complex computer systems for human use." B. "Cognitive informatics examines how humans interact with computers so better information technology systems can be built." C. "Cognitive informatics looks at how the human brain processes data and information that comes from a computer." D. "Cognitive informatics examines how the human brain is similar to a computer." A nurse is learning about a new nursing skill through observations and interactions. This process is known as: A. epistemology. B. reasoning. C. development of wisdom. D. knowledge acquisition. A nurse is teaching a new nurse about knowledge workers. Which statement by the nurse is correct? A. "Experienced nurses are knowledge consumers because they know where to find knowledge." B. "A new nurse is a knowledge broker because he or she uses resources to find information." C. "Advanced practice nurses who are experts in nursing are considered knowledge generators." D. "Nurse researchers are knowledge consumers because they collect data that already exist." A nurse takes a continuing education course on a new nursing skill. The application of this new knowledge in a practical way is known as: A. wisdom. B. skill competency. C. skill execution. D. reasoning. AI frequently functions in an assistive role in healthcare decision-making. This is also known as: A. assisted intelligence. B. cognitive intelligence. C. augmented intelligence. D. computerized intelligence. Clinical decision support systems help users to: A. consider the consequences of alternative actions. B. provide stores of information. C. make decisions in unfamiliar circumstances. D. All of these are correct. From which perspective does cognitive science study the mind, intelligence, and behavior? A. Philosophical B. Discipline science C. Information processing D. Sociological Reflection on practice to gain insight into why an approach was successful (or not) in a practice situation helps a professional to build: A. organizational knowledge. B. explicit knowledge. C. tacit knowledge. D. collaborative knowledge. Researchers and discipline experts are likely to be which type of knowledge worker? A. Knowledge brokers B. Knowledge consumers C. Knowledge generators D. Knowledge innovators True or False? As AI becomes more sophisticated, it is likely to replace human decision-making in health care. False True or False? Cognitive science is the interdisciplinary field that studies the mind, intelligence, and behavior from an information processing perspective. True True or False? Nursing science focuses on the ethical application of knowledge. True True or False? Situations, experiences, education, and knowledge building promote transitions between types of knowledge workers. True When nursing professionals work with information and generate information and knowledge as a product, they can be described as: A. practice managers. B. innovators. C. knowledge workers. D. seasoned professionals. Which of the following activities is/are used to build a foundation of knowledge in professional practice? A. Reading research and theory articles B. Attending continuing education programs C. Consulting with expert colleagues and using clinical practice guidelines D. All of these are correct. Different web address (domain) suffixes indicate who is responsible for creating a website. A web address sponsored by an educational institution would have which suffix? A. .com B. .edu C. .org D. .gov Quantitative data collection tools or instruments generate numerical data rather than text-based data. Examples of these types of tools include: A. questionnaires. B. interviews, email interviews, and surveys, including web-based surveys. C. quizzes and assessments. D. All of these are correct. True or False? A key benefit of using electronic data collection is the ability to transmit data to another computer directly for compilation and analysis, thereby cutting down on the risk of error. True True or False? Big data is a field that deals with ways to examine, analyze, and systematically extract data and information from data sets that are too large or complex to be processed using conventional data-processing application software. The ability to research these data using advanced data analytics to find better answers is changing the healthcare landscape and how we care for our patients. True True or False? Information literacy initiates, sustains, and extends lifelong learning through abilities that may use technologies but are ultimately independent of them. True True or False? Nurses may generate and record data from their own observations or with the assistance of various devices. Free text (informational data, such as drug dosages administered, resources used, and problems diagnosed) is recorded electronically. Free text is then interpreted and organized by some standardizing principle, either manually or by computer. In this way, data (often qualitative data that cannot be traditionally measured in a numeric sense) can be organized and processed. A central issue to the generation and analysis of free text data is the lack of a generally accepted set of terminology to capture nursing data. True True or False? Qualitative data focus on numbers and frequencies, with the goal of describing a situation or looking for more robust relationships such as correlations and specific variable contributions to an outcome. This aim stands in contrast to quantitative analysis, which focuses on experiences and meaning. False True or False? The Foundation of Knowledge Model suggests that the most important aspect of information discovery, retrieval, and delivery is the ability to acquire, process, generate, and disseminate knowledge in ways that help those managing the knowledge reevaluate and rethink the way they understand and use what they know and have learned. True Which of the following is/are a professional database? A. Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) B. MEDLINE C. MEDLINE and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) D. None of these is correct. ____________ is the process by which data collected during the course of a study are processed to identify trends and patterns of relationships. A. Data analysis B. Database management C. Data setting D. Data warehousing _____________ laws in the world of technology are notoriously misunderstood. The same laws that cover physical books, artwork, and other creative material apply in the digital world, and violations can lead to prosecution. A. Fair use B. Copyright C. Public domain D. None of these is correct. ______________ is a type of study in which patients who have an outcome of interest and patients who do not have the outcome are identified; the researcher then looks back in time (typically using health records) to determine exposures and experiences that could have contributed to the outcome occurring or not occurring. A. Case control research B. Outcome research C. Focus group research D. Cohort research A nurse is reading a nursing research article and would like to translate the findings into clinical practice. Which of the following can help the nurse bridge the gap between research and practice? A. Identify a clinical mentor who can help with understanding the research. B. Initiate a nursing research study in the patient care nursing unit. C. Seek the opinion of an experienced peer to see if the research is valid. D. Ask a physician to explain the research findings and utility in nursing practice. A nurse is teaching a peer about the Open Access Initiative and explains that the Internet serves as which of the following? A. A library of knowledge B. A consistent source of evidence-based practice C. A vehicle of clinical best practices D. A repository of translational research A nurse recognizes that there is an increase in urinary tract infections when urinary catheters are left in place for more than 24 hours. The nurse questions, "Does leaving catheters in place for more than 24 hours increase the risk of infection?" The nurse has initiated which method of research? A. Translational research B. Evidence-based practice C. Research utilization D. Clinical research informatics A nurse researcher is initiating an evidence-based research project and understands that the initial step in translating research into practice is which of the following? A. Identifying the problem, issue, or topic in nursing practice B. Conducting an analysis of the patient outcomes and results C. Performing a comprehensive literature review of nursing journals D. Adapting practice to include the research A nurse using open access for a literature search would be able to obtain which of the following? A. Clinical guidelines produced by the federal government B. Nursing research articles with a small associated cost C. Evidence-based practice quality initiative templates D. Peer-reviewed, free journal articles A nursing instructor is teaching nursing students about informatics and evidence-based practice, which are key competencies in which of the following? A. Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN) B. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) C. National Guideline Clearinghouse (NGC) D. Translating Research into Practice Initiative (TRIP-II) Evidence-based practice (EBP) is a combination of research findings and nonresearch evidence. What is/are the source(s) of nonresearch evidence? A. Organizational values B. Local data and context C. Patient preferences D. All of these are correct. The most reliable source of research evidence for informing practice is: A. quasi-experimental research. B. the opinion of experts. C. the randomized controlled trial. D. qualitative research. True or False? Quantitative data collection tools or instruments include questionnaires, interviews, surveys, quizzes, assessments, email interviews, and web-based surveys. True True or False? The time between research dissemination and clinical translation is typically 1 to 2 months. False A nurse accesses lab results of a patient not under the nurse's care in the electronic health record. The nurse is violating: A. patient confidentiality. B. patient safety. C. the state nurse practice act. D. care coordination. A nurse is using the International Classification for Nursing Practice when documenting patient care. The nurse understands this facilitates the ability to compare and combine: A. national standards and care recommendations. B. research findings from different authors. C. patient care data from different sources. D. treatment options and outcomes. A nurse reviews a patient's blood pressure measurements over the past 12 hours and recognizes that the blood pressure has been elevated. The clustering of these data represents: A. wisdom. B. a diagnosis. C. a data set. D. information. Case-based ethical reasoning that considers the facts of a case in a sound, logical, and ordered or structured manner is known as: A. principlism. B. case-based ethics. C. casuistry. D. ethical decision-making. In 2015, the American Nurses Association published the second edition of the: A. Scope of Nursing Informatics. B. Nursing Informatics: Scope and Standards of Practice. C. Nursing Informatics Practice: Scope and Standards. D. Standards of Nursing Informatics. In ethics theory, autonomy means: A. personal responsibility. B. acting alone. C. freedom from controlling interferences. D. All of these are correct. In ethics theory, nonmaleficence means: A. the obligation not to inflict harm intentionally. B. poor productivity or inefficiency. C. embracing cultural diversity. D. None of these is correct. Microblogging occurs on/in: A. a tweet. B. a wiki. C. Skype. D. Instagram. New technologies in digital communications, electronic health records, and telehealth raise issues related to: A. justice and fidelity. B. comprehensiveness of care. C. the digital divide. D. privacy and confidentiality. Nurses gather atomic-level data reflected in: A. blood pressure. B. pulse rate. C. blood glucose. D. All of these are correct. Nursing terminology must be easy to access, with information and knowledge available anywhere. These qualities can be described by which of the following terms? A. Accessibility and longevity B. Accessibility and standardization C. Accessibility and reusability D. Accessibility and ubiquity Practice-based ethics as described by Husted and Husted (1995) focuses on: A. understanding right or good action. B. bringing about human benefit. C. normative approaches to ethics. D. examining moral life. Skills related to nursing information literacy include: A. differentiating between scholarly and popular journals. B. locating and retrieving information from credible sources. C. recognizing a need for information. D. All of these are correct. The core skill set related to the use of computers, electronic health records, healthcare technologies, and knowledge generation in a discipline is known as: A. essential practice. B. informatics competency. C. informatics wisdom. D. the DIKW paradigm. The nurse violates a patient's confidentiality and right to privacy by: A. discussing a patient's diagnosis with an authorized family member. B. discussing care-related information with the patient's respiratory therapist. C. providing a bedside report containing patient information to the oncoming nurse. D. looking up a colleague's diagnosis and laboratory results. The use of social media has increased dramatically in recent years among: A. mainly the elderly. B. different groups in different regions of the country. C. virtually all groups. D. only the young. True or False? A security breach is considered discovered as soon as an employee other than the individual who committed the breach knows or should have known of the breach, such as unauthorized access or even an unsuccessful attempt to access information. True True or False? In the future, nurses are likely to have access to evidence and knowledge derived from large aggregates of clinical data, including nursing interventions and resultant outcomes. True True or False? Morals are widely shared social conventions about right and wrong human conduct. True True or False? Nurses must know key aspects of national laws and organizational policies governing privacy and security of health information. True True or False? Once standardized, a term can be measured and coded. True When healthcare agencies provide access to health information on websites they: A. expect people to follow the advice. B. must adhere to responsible information standards. C. are responsible for actions that people take as a result. D. are essentially practicing medicine. A nurse is documenting nursing care in the electronic health record. What is the most important reason for this action? A. Contributing to public health information B. Communicating patient information to help coordinate care C. Advancing information technology D. Following the healthcare facility's policy A nurse is educating a patient on privacy of health information. The nurse explains that privacy is part of which federal law? A. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act B. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Act C. American Recovery and Reaffirmation Act D. Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act A nurse is explaining the impact of a nationwide electronic health record on nursing to a nursing student. Which statement by the nurse is correct? A. "The electronic health record will not impact nursing or nursing care delivery in any meaningful way." B. "The electronic health record will likely provide the ability to make more efficient and timely nursing care decisions for patients." C. "The electronic health record will increase errors but will increase the access to patient data." D. "The electronic health record will not impact the quality of care but will make patient care more efficient." A patient is admitted to a healthcare facility and has questions about the facility's privacy practices. To which of the following does the patient have a right? A. A paper copy of the notice of privacy practices of the facility B. An individual safeguard policy for the patient's protected health information C. A copy of staff training records on patient privacy D. An electronic copy of privacy disclosures for the facility A patient's electronic health record in a health system has been breached by an outside source. Which of the following is the priority action by the health system? A. The patient must be notified of the breach. B. The patient's insurance company should be notified immediately. C. The patient's family members must be notified of the breach. D. The patient's primary care provider should be notified first. CMS meaningful use guidelines were replaced by which of the following laws? A. FDA Electronic Records Act B. Medicare Access and CHIP Reauthorization Act C. 21st Century Cures Act. D. Sarbanes Oxley Act The HITECH Act had which of the following goals? A. Improve healthcare quality B. Reduce healthcare costs C. Improve and protect public health D. All of these are correct. The HITECH Act has had a significant impact on HIPAA's Privacy and Security Rules in which of the following ways? A. Weakened the enforcement of HIPAA B. Removed the annual guidance from the Department of Health and Human Services regarding how to secure health information C. Enhanced notification requirements in the event of a breach in the security of health information D. All of these are correct. True or False? All nurses need to be engaged in the development and integration of a nationwide electronic health record. True True or False? Existing accounting rules are enhanced under the HITECH Act, giving patients the right to access their EHR and receive an accounting of all disclosures. Before the HITECH Act, HIPAA regulations provided an exception to the accounting requirements. True True or False? HIPAA was signed into law by President Bill Clinton in 1996 to monitor physicians and hospitals and enhance information exchange without consequences. False True or False? The Policy Committee established by the HITECH Act is responsible for making recommendations to the coordinator about how to implement the requirements of the HITECH Act, such as the technologies to use in the infrastructure. True True or False? The federal Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act of 2009 (HITECH Act) is part of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA). The ARRA was enacted to stimulate various sectors of the United States. The health information technology (HIT) industry was one area where lawmakers saw an opportunity to stimulate the economy and improve the delivery of health care at the same time. True Which of the following is not part of the 21st Century Cures Act? A. Supporting community mental health efforts B. Improving interoperability and health information exchange by providing seamless access to improved EHRs C. Regulating the development and release of medical apps D. Promoting research into preventing and curing serious illnesses Which of the following terms is defined as any physical or mental health information created, received, or stored by a "covered entity" that can be used to identify an individual patient, regardless of the form of the health information. A. Protected health information B. Patient health information C. Provider health information D. None of these are correct. A cognitive walkthrough: A. observes the steps users are likely to take to use the interface to accomplish typical tasks. B. detects problems early in the design process. C. is the least expensive method. D. All of these are correct. Task analysis examines: A. the number of tasks involved. B. how the user approaches the task in order to accomplish it. C. what the needed output is. D. who performs the task. The FITT model: A. observes the steps users are likely to take to use the interface to accomplish typical tasks. B. encourages the evaluator to examine the fit between each two of the components: user and technology, task and technology, and user and task. C. is the least expensive method. D. All of these are correct. The impactful Institute of Medicine report To Err Is Human listed the top 10 most persistent medication and safety errors/issues. Which of the following errors was/were included and has/have continued two decades after the report was issued. A. Look-alike labeling B. Unsafe practices associated with IV push medications C. Wrong route D. All of these are correct. True or False? In order for people to interact with other devices and computers, these machines must have smart ways to interact with each other. Near Field Communication Interface and Protocol (NFCIP-1) provides the communication network for these devices to be interconnected. True True or False? Much can be learned from the related fields of cognitive engineering, human factors, and ergonomics about how to make interfaces more compatible with their human users and the context of care. True True or False? The human interfaces for each of the various technologies are different and can even differ among different brands or versions of the same device. True True or False? The user experience (UX) is the user's experience from interacting with an object, product, or service. It has been connected to the term usability and refers to the design of products and services with the user in mind in order to meet the user's needs. True True or False? Videos have been combined as earcons to represent relationships among data elements, such as the relationship of systolic to diastolic blood pressure. False True or False? Wearable technology is the next new frontier in human-technology interfacing where the devices we wear can also interject signals into our body. True What is the human-technology interface? A. Hardware designed to facilitate its software B. Hardware and software that support humans interacting with technology C. Software designed to make technology work faster D. Educating users on the use of the system ________ is the term that denotes the ease with which people can use an interface to achieve a particular goal. A. Workaround B. Situational awareness C. Usability D. None of these is correct. data raw facts that lack meaning knowledge generator nursing researcher and nursing expert- a person who knows; they are able to answer questions, craft theories, find solutions to nursing problems or concerns, and innovate practice knowledge user an individual or group that benefits from valuable, viable knowledge knowledge worker a person who works with information and generates information and knowledge as a product knowledge dissemination distribution and sharing of knowledge nursing informatics a specialty that integrates nursing science, computer science, and information science to manage and communicate data, information, knowledge, and wisdom in nursing practice nursing science The ethical application of knowledge acquired through education, research, and practice to provide services and interventions to patients to maintain, enhance, or restore their health; to advocate for health; and to acquire, process, generate, and disseminate nursing knowledge to advance the nursing profession. nursing theory Concepts, propositions, and definitions that represent a methodical viewpoint and provide a framework for organizing and standardizing nursing actions. transparent wisdom applying knowledge in a practical way or translating knowledge into actions without conscious thought artificial intelligence (AI) The field that deals with the conception, development, and implementation of informatics tools based on intelligent technologies. This field attempts to capture the complex processes of human thought and intelligence. cognitive science Interdisciplinary field that studies the mind, intelligence, and behavior from an information-processing perspective. epistemology the study of the nature and origin of knowledge, that is, what it means to know wisdom Knowledge applied in a practical way or translated into actions; the use of knowledge and experience to heighten common sense and insight to exercise sound judgment in practical matters. Sometimes thought of as the highest form of common sense, resulting from accumulated knowledge or erudition (i.e., deep, thorough learning) or enlightenment (i.e., education that results in understanding and the dissemination of knowledge). Wisdom is the ability to apply valuable and viable knowledge, experience, understanding, and insight while being prudent and sensible. It is focused on our own minds and is the synthesis of our experience, insight, understanding, and knowledge. Wisdom is the appropriate use of knowledge to solve human problems. It is knowing when and how to apply knowledge. Knowledge The awareness and understanding of a set of information and ways that information can be made useful to support a specific task or arrive at a decision; abounds with others' thoughts and information. Information that is synthesized so that relationships are