WGU C785 Final Exam QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | ACTUAL EXAM WITH A STUDY
GUIDE AND PRACTICE EXAM | ACCURATE REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS |
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polymerase chain reaction (PCR) - CORRECT ANSWER process to copy
DNA
What is needed to complete PCR - CORRECT ANSWER Template DNA,
Nucleotides (dNTPS), DNA Polymerase, and DNA
Steps of PCR - CORRECT ANSWER denaturation, annealing, elongation
denaturation - CORRECT ANSWER loss of normal shape of a protein
due to heat or other factor
Annealing - CORRECT ANSWER cooled to 50c primers stick and want to
copy and add DNA polymerase
Elongation - CORRECT ANSWER reaction heated to 70C and DNA
polymerase add nucleotides building a new DNA strand.
base excision repair - CORRECT ANSWER a modified base is first
excised and then the entire nucleotide is replaced
DNA glycosylase - CORRECT ANSWER removes damaged DNA
DNA polymerase - CORRECT ANSWER replaces to damaged DNA ligase
seals it
base excision repair - CORRECT ANSWER removes one single
nucleotide
,MIsmatch repair - CORRECT ANSWER The cellular process that uses
special enzymes to fix incorrectly paired nucleotides.
What DNA damage is corrected by mismatch repair - CORRECT ANSWER
errors in replication fixed
What occurs when DNA polymerase binds to DNA to make RNA -
CORRECT ANSWER transcription ! DNA polymerase takes the individual
nucleotides and matches the them to the parental sequences to ensure
a correct pair. It must bind with RNA primer to work.
nonsense - CORRECT ANSWER change in 1 nucleotide produces a STOP
codon
silent mutation - CORRECT ANSWER A mutation that changes a single
nucleotide, but does not change the amino acid created.
Missense - CORRECT ANSWER a mutation that changes one amino acid
What happens during RNA splicing - CORRECT ANSWER after
transcription, the introns are removed and the exons are hooks back
together
DNA transcription - CORRECT ANSWER the proccess of copying a
section of dna in order to make proteins
DNA translation - CORRECT ANSWER Process by which mRNA is
converted into a protein
non-template/coding strand - CORRECT ANSWER its sequence matches
the sequence of the RNA that is transcribed from the template strand
and codes for a polypeptide
,complementary strand - CORRECT ANSWER A strand of DNA or RNA
that has complementary bases to another strand of DNA or RNA. For
instance, during DNA replication, the new strand that is formed is a
complementary strand. (Complementary bases: A-T, C-G)
DNA template to mRNA is? - CORRECT ANSWER transcription
ionized alanine - CORRECT ANSWER It's an Amino acid. Look for the "R"
group. Alanine is a hydrophobic amino acid that has CH3 it's a weak
interaction.
For ionized look for the one with the + or - charge
Misfolding of protein structure in Alzheimer's - CORRECT ANSWER
Caused by intracellular tangles and extracellular plaques (senile plaques)
caused by abnormal protein aggregation. Tau is fibrous material inside
cells with this the connections are lost. This becomes defective and form
filaments in the neuron. Amyloid- beta is a large precursor protein in the
cell. Excess amyloid-beta is clearly linked to Alzheimer's disease creating
senile plaques. Starts in the hippocampus and moves up.
Neurodegenerative protein aggregation - CORRECT ANSWER
Alzheimer's disease, the most common neurodegenerative disease. The
formation of aggregated amyloid-beta fibers is another characteristic of
Alzheimer's disease, but neurodegeneration and memory loss can be
detected before amyloid fibers accumulate in the brain.
molecular chaperones - CORRECT ANSWER A protein that helps other
proteins fold or refold from a partially denatured state.
Primary level of protein structure - CORRECT ANSWER chain of amino
acids, peptide bonds forming a polypeptide chain. Covalent bond, does
not denature
, Secondary level of protein structure - CORRECT ANSWER alpha helix
(coil) and beta-pleated sheet, hydrogen bond, denatured by salt and Ph
change, contain carboxyl and amino groups
Tertiary level of protein structure - CORRECT ANSWER side chain
interaction, (R-group) - (3D), ex. sickle cell, arthritis, hemophilia.
Changes seen with increased temp, salt, change in pH and reducing
agents.
Quaternary subunit - CORRECT ANSWER more than one polypeptide,
Ex: Hemoglobin. Changes seen with increased temp.
Primary formed by - CORRECT ANSWER peptide bonds
Secondary formed by - CORRECT ANSWER held together by hydrogen
bonds which are formed by 2 polar amino acids
Which structure is unaffected by complete denaturation of the multi-
subunit - CORRECT ANSWER Primary - peptide bonds are strong and
covalent located in backbone and does not denature
Tertiary structure is hydrophobic - CORRECT ANSWER Protein structure
is stabilized primarily by the hydrophobic effect; disruption of the
hydrophobic effect is the simplest way to denature a protein this is done
by heating it up.
What does the alpha and beta sheets make up? - CORRECT ANSWER
Secondary structure
Methotrexate - CORRECT ANSWER works by blocking an enzyme
process in cancer cells so they can not grow
GUIDE AND PRACTICE EXAM | ACCURATE REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS |
GUARANTEED PASS | LATEST UPDATE
polymerase chain reaction (PCR) - CORRECT ANSWER process to copy
DNA
What is needed to complete PCR - CORRECT ANSWER Template DNA,
Nucleotides (dNTPS), DNA Polymerase, and DNA
Steps of PCR - CORRECT ANSWER denaturation, annealing, elongation
denaturation - CORRECT ANSWER loss of normal shape of a protein
due to heat or other factor
Annealing - CORRECT ANSWER cooled to 50c primers stick and want to
copy and add DNA polymerase
Elongation - CORRECT ANSWER reaction heated to 70C and DNA
polymerase add nucleotides building a new DNA strand.
base excision repair - CORRECT ANSWER a modified base is first
excised and then the entire nucleotide is replaced
DNA glycosylase - CORRECT ANSWER removes damaged DNA
DNA polymerase - CORRECT ANSWER replaces to damaged DNA ligase
seals it
base excision repair - CORRECT ANSWER removes one single
nucleotide
,MIsmatch repair - CORRECT ANSWER The cellular process that uses
special enzymes to fix incorrectly paired nucleotides.
What DNA damage is corrected by mismatch repair - CORRECT ANSWER
errors in replication fixed
What occurs when DNA polymerase binds to DNA to make RNA -
CORRECT ANSWER transcription ! DNA polymerase takes the individual
nucleotides and matches the them to the parental sequences to ensure
a correct pair. It must bind with RNA primer to work.
nonsense - CORRECT ANSWER change in 1 nucleotide produces a STOP
codon
silent mutation - CORRECT ANSWER A mutation that changes a single
nucleotide, but does not change the amino acid created.
Missense - CORRECT ANSWER a mutation that changes one amino acid
What happens during RNA splicing - CORRECT ANSWER after
transcription, the introns are removed and the exons are hooks back
together
DNA transcription - CORRECT ANSWER the proccess of copying a
section of dna in order to make proteins
DNA translation - CORRECT ANSWER Process by which mRNA is
converted into a protein
non-template/coding strand - CORRECT ANSWER its sequence matches
the sequence of the RNA that is transcribed from the template strand
and codes for a polypeptide
,complementary strand - CORRECT ANSWER A strand of DNA or RNA
that has complementary bases to another strand of DNA or RNA. For
instance, during DNA replication, the new strand that is formed is a
complementary strand. (Complementary bases: A-T, C-G)
DNA template to mRNA is? - CORRECT ANSWER transcription
ionized alanine - CORRECT ANSWER It's an Amino acid. Look for the "R"
group. Alanine is a hydrophobic amino acid that has CH3 it's a weak
interaction.
For ionized look for the one with the + or - charge
Misfolding of protein structure in Alzheimer's - CORRECT ANSWER
Caused by intracellular tangles and extracellular plaques (senile plaques)
caused by abnormal protein aggregation. Tau is fibrous material inside
cells with this the connections are lost. This becomes defective and form
filaments in the neuron. Amyloid- beta is a large precursor protein in the
cell. Excess amyloid-beta is clearly linked to Alzheimer's disease creating
senile plaques. Starts in the hippocampus and moves up.
Neurodegenerative protein aggregation - CORRECT ANSWER
Alzheimer's disease, the most common neurodegenerative disease. The
formation of aggregated amyloid-beta fibers is another characteristic of
Alzheimer's disease, but neurodegeneration and memory loss can be
detected before amyloid fibers accumulate in the brain.
molecular chaperones - CORRECT ANSWER A protein that helps other
proteins fold or refold from a partially denatured state.
Primary level of protein structure - CORRECT ANSWER chain of amino
acids, peptide bonds forming a polypeptide chain. Covalent bond, does
not denature
, Secondary level of protein structure - CORRECT ANSWER alpha helix
(coil) and beta-pleated sheet, hydrogen bond, denatured by salt and Ph
change, contain carboxyl and amino groups
Tertiary level of protein structure - CORRECT ANSWER side chain
interaction, (R-group) - (3D), ex. sickle cell, arthritis, hemophilia.
Changes seen with increased temp, salt, change in pH and reducing
agents.
Quaternary subunit - CORRECT ANSWER more than one polypeptide,
Ex: Hemoglobin. Changes seen with increased temp.
Primary formed by - CORRECT ANSWER peptide bonds
Secondary formed by - CORRECT ANSWER held together by hydrogen
bonds which are formed by 2 polar amino acids
Which structure is unaffected by complete denaturation of the multi-
subunit - CORRECT ANSWER Primary - peptide bonds are strong and
covalent located in backbone and does not denature
Tertiary structure is hydrophobic - CORRECT ANSWER Protein structure
is stabilized primarily by the hydrophobic effect; disruption of the
hydrophobic effect is the simplest way to denature a protein this is done
by heating it up.
What does the alpha and beta sheets make up? - CORRECT ANSWER
Secondary structure
Methotrexate - CORRECT ANSWER works by blocking an enzyme
process in cancer cells so they can not grow
