A Concise Introduction to Logic Test Bank by Patrick J. Hurley | Questions and Answers | 12th edition

01234568954
900
909




!"#
$%
!#&
'%%
(#%!")#!"'&")*!%#
&
*!
!'&")*!%#
'!((!%
+!"$
!$
)#
!#,-
$%%.#%'!#&

&'$,
/, &'00'&#%
.'"&
!"'00!##"'0.%!*!'!(
*!,1
*!%
('+'&
&2!"
*
&'!(&
'3!"
##4
*!'&
&2!"
##'!(&
'3!"*
&,5
&%++'&#'"
'%+0$'


*'!#0!%67*!)%#*
&0&2%'!%%+0$'
*'!0&

&*!"'!'$%8%+$
!#(&(
)!0
'#'!%,
('+4%*!
&2!"
##4%"'0#97*!)%#'!("&
!",
', :&")*!%;$
!$
)#
!<
('+,,,%"'0#97*!)%#'!("&
!",
., =
!'&")*!%,
$, :&")*!%;$
!$
)#
!<5
&%++'&#'"
,,,'!'$%8%+$
!#(&()!0
'#'!%,
(, :&")*!%;$
!$
)#
!<&'00'&#%
.,,,.%!*!'!(
*!,
, :&")*!%;$
!$
)#
!<1
*!%
('+'&
&2!"*
&'!(&
'3!"
##,
:=-<> ?-< @
@, A'(#%
3$4.)%(
+
)2!
+BA'(#%
3$*'!
+.$')#%0&
&!%'

+&0
'$#
%&
*%'
#!.
$*$'
&'$%
!#,C!#
(
!"%!%&
&#%%0&
%!#%'%&")
'%.


(0&##)&
D$$'!$')#(8

0*!%(
'+#!$
(&!'!(".


(0&##)&!'()
%#E4*0&
()$%
!
D$$'!
'(%
'!*'E4'!(#0&*0&
()$%
!,A'('
#
(#0
'$#$'
$)* !%&'$%
!#%'%
%&'!#*%
$%&$'
*0)
##!%.&'!4$(*!##%'.
%+%
%!2'!(&$'

!

&*'%
!,
:!!F'&G
*#%!4HI
)&J)(%
K*#%&+H
', :&")*!%;$
!$
)#
!<C%!%&
&#%%0&
%!#,,,'!(#0&*0&
()$%
!,
., :&")*!%;$
!$
)#
!<A'(#%
3$,
$, =
!'&")*!%,
(, :&")*!%;$
!$
)#
!<C%0&
&!%'

+&0
'$#
%&*%'
#!.
$*$'
&'$%
!#,
, :&")*!%;$
!$
)#
!<A'('
#
(#0
'$#$'
$)*,,,&$'

!

&*'%
!,
:=-<K ?-< @
L, :&#%
%


$)#(
!$
'&
+!"%$
!$0%

8&%)%#

,G'&")(%'%%'#8&%)
)#%
$

#%
0&
0&'*
)!%

*
%
!'!(M
&'$%
!$'

(

&!'0'&%$)
'&#%)'%
!'!(%'%3%&*#


*
%
!'!('$%
!&8$#,C!'

$
**)!%#%&'&#
**!

0&'$%$'
#(
*
'8
%$'0'$%+%
N)("#
+,:&#%
%
'&")(%'%%+'8%$'0'$%+%





%H&"%&)
H
'%8&%#%)'%
!,
>'8(K

0&4OPQRSTUQRVPQWXYTPZ[T\]^W_PQT̀^aW_ST
', :&")*!%;$
!$
)#
!<C!'

$
**)!%#,,,$'0'$%+%
N)("#
+,
., :&")*!%;$
!$
)#
!<:&#%
%


$)#(
!$
'&
+!"%$
!$0%

8&%)%#

,
$, :&")*!%;$
!$
)#
!<+'8%$'0'$%+%





,,,%#%)'%
!,
(, :&")*!%;$
!$
)#
!<G'&")(%'%%'#8&%)
)#,,,&8$#
, =
!'&")*!%,
:=-<b ?-< @
6, C

"'
**"&'!%#0'+

$'
#'
#%'3#4'!(*'!+

%*'
#
0'+#%'%4

$'
4'!(
(&'
!$
*%'3
'!(-
$'
-$)&%+%'3,+'
#
0)&$'#%*#
&
*

$'
*&$'!%#4!$&'#!"%'*
)!%%#
*&$'!%#0'+!%'3#,C!'((%
!4%+
&2

&

#'
'&#4$!$&'##%'&!!"#

%&
*0

+&#'!(%'*
)!%

%'3#%#*0

+&#0'+,)#4%#!
%$
&&$%%
#'+%'%

"'

**"&'!%#$
!%&.)%!
%!"%
%$
**)!%#!$%+
8,
', :&")*!%;$
!$
)#
!<C%#!
%$
&&$%%
#'+,,,$
**)!%#!$%+
8,

c

, 013456789  9698 44481118887841
13456789  9698577549111 864
1

13456789  9698648871119
81
81
94567891
3
3 











 !1
678466
8"89
8
 789 4#0 7899464#48"84$4488
#
"84$9
8
#9
"84$89898
1349$37849 789488"89787 48808
4488
44699 78984895461% 789"8488"8
599
9584898984478594849
84"8
958484
9491&40 764
849


465898#'647849 78989
8
684"9598$4
87848788989
0 7891

9(649#)* 7899
74978998+11)
13456789  969349$37849 78911184895461
01
94567891
13456789  969&40 764
849

4658981110 7891

13456789  969
678466
8"89
8
111"84$89898
1
813456789  969% 789"8488"8
111958484
9491
3
% 











 ,1-8"897 4874988
64 7684084 8 8
048184848479
88789649598
084889
6408
88 694 8 8
.1/98
"698408 768469
#88479948879 7795
89
89
8995 89018
846
998
"84840695881708 7684
"$84$
1
13456789  9698484847988789111
88 694 8 8
.1
013456789  969/98"698408 76841118995 8901
1
94567891

13456789  9698
846
111"$84$
1
813456789  969-8"897 487491114 8 8
0481
3
' 











 2188498484974794891
84084"976087
8465
87 848#9
88978986847 8489
87598 848488 88
9849848188487 749038  749498 51
4996(46989#567891#:;<=8>5<6897?@6AB<B>C7
13456789  969889789111898498481
013456789  969884111498 51
13456789  96988498484971

1
94567891
813456789  969
84084"911146587 8481

3
. 











 D184
895844
6 0998
#5844884"848564
8
088E68
# 77698
06955840485"89894 8 95584#9
87844
978
989
08846
8
5844489 988
8
#8958495088
#09
8
6995480848 48
#9
8779898
9 958498
08"848
1
1
94567891
013456789  96984
895844
6 0998
1
13456789  96958495088
1

13456789  96987844
978
981119 988
8
1

F

, 0134567089 8 6850485090111004901
33 













1
67840 545871 6804986404870894 0008009
680498904 568048885949859900640090806481
000
0484070704898!907478064899"180648 4!880648
776890404600 8 47988 85906##0 6780487089
4 0851
$4%455&'()*+,+-(./0/1+2)3'4/5267+89)63+2/
134567089 8 68 680498640411190806481
134567089 8 68
67840 545871
134567089 8 68
0001118064899"1
134567089 8 68
80648 4!11170894 0851
01 845670891

3: 












;<1=46040064089909 79000895974 010"40 70 
86 08049081=4604090907008"90440490 85
45878"0890"0808501>80070460804"9#08
9408 8980480 4"046990"4098909"9800860001
?@60"8A1B!C3)7+D3+,+-(./&732)3E,4'/F28/GHE,+7F63+2'/
134567089 8 680"40 70 86 08049081
1 845670891
134567089 8 68=460400640899011174 01
134567089 8 68>80070460804"9#011160001
0134567089 8 68=460409090700111808501
3B 












;;1
480859008688908045" 906888499 85905 4785
407108 5800465990 9 00949"5080490"9088"
I
0408980;
I;1 408045"908 5"704074!04540809 9
0000800 09 80490085409047 689 6859409"8900949"1 "
90 9 88 404400 785 70990949" J40891
044A6K% L4785 698K
134567089 8 68 "90 9 811149" J40891
134567089 8 6808 580111"I
0408980;
I;1
134567089 8 68
480859008111905 47854071
1 845670891
0134567089 8 68 408045"908 5"111409"8900949"1
3: 












;
1>9!0"9988 089480489 6894"00080M0690 447090"89 7791
N47;
OP689
<<O;
Q094879000080M804901>878" 9000:3
0080"0464 01R09899709704707 4098;<<<48040400M06901
N478" 90048048:3008001>600800080
7"7 40 600080M80490S
134567089 8 68>878" 9000111"0464 01
1 845670891
134567089 8 68N47;
OP11100080M804901
134567089 8 68N478" 900480411101
0134567089 8 68>9!0"9988 089480411190"89 7791





T

, 12345 6734 8
9 3   




 !"

   7 ! 
#$  

"$
1
 %43    



 1
 %47 ! 
 1
 %4#$  $
 1
 %4&  
   
 2 
 
12341 6734 8
9' 7( (!! $$

$
$$3(
$$$) ! 
 $* !3


   
"
!
 !
+ $


,

"!$

$
"
$  $
2 
 
 1
 %43

  
+ $


 1
 %47( (!!
$$
 1
 %4,

 $  $
 1
 %43(  
 $* !
1234& 6734 8
9- .*( $/*!
0!!"(  '112& 2"
(
  !   $!!

 !
3 $ $ "0!!3 "$ $ !

#+!
( (!*"$$
(

"*!$ !
!!
, & & * "456789:;<=87=:=>?;
1
 %47(
  !
 2 
 
 1
 %4#+!
 !!
 1
 %43 $ $  
 1
 %4.*( (  '112&
12342 6734 8
9@ 7( *  $7  

A ! 
B $ $*! (
$

 $#!$ $C 
7 
 $ !"" 
 $!2( ! $! "A 
"$$ $  
&D
#$ 2( *
2 
 
 1
 %47(  
 1
 %42( ! $  
 1
 %4#  
 1
 %47  
! 

12341 6734 8


E