, OVERVIEW OF LEARNING STYLES
Many people recognize that each person prefers different learning styles and techniques. Learning styles group
common ways that people learn. Everyone has a mix of learning styles. Some people may find that they have a
dominant style of learning, with far less use of the other styles. Others may find that they use different styles in
different circumstances. There is no right mix. Nor are your styles fixed. You can develop ability in less dominant
styles, as well as further develop styles that you already use well.
Many people recognize that each person prefers different learning styles and techniques. Learning styles group
common ways that people learn. Everyone has a mix of learning styles. Some people may find that they have a
dominant style of learning, with far less use of the other styles. Others may find that they use different styles in
different circumstances. There is no right mix. Nor are your styles fixed. You can develop ability in less dominant
styles, as well as further develop styles that you already use well.
Using multiple learning styles and �multiple intelligences� for learning is a relatively new approach. This
approach is one that educators have only recently started to recognize. Traditional schooling used (and continues to
use) mainly linguistic and logical teaching methods. It also uses a limited range of learning and teaching techniques.
Many schools still rely on classroom and book-based teaching, much repetition, and pressured exams for
reinforcement and review. A result is that we often label those who use these learning styles and techniques as
�bright.� Those who use less favored learning styles often find themselves in lower classes, with various not-
so-complimentary labels and sometimes lower quality teaching. This can create positive and negative spirals that
reinforce the belief that one is "smart" or "dumb".
By recognizing and understanding your own learning styles, you can use techniques better suited to you. This
improves the speed and quality of your learning.
The Seven Learning Styles
• Visual (spatial):You prefer using pictures, images, and spatial understanding.
• Aural (auditory-musical): You prefer using sound and music.
• Verbal (linguistic): You prefer using words, both in speech and writing.
• Physical (kinesthetic): You prefer using your body, hands and sense of touch.
• Logical (mathematical): You prefer using logic, reasoning and systems.
• Social (interpersonal): You prefer to learn in groups or with other people.
, • Solitary (intrapersonal): You prefer to work alone and use self-study.
Why Learning Styles? Understand the basis of learning styles
Your learning styles have more influence than you may realize. Your preferred styles guide the way you learn. They
also change the way you internally represent experiences, the way you recall information, and even the words you
choose. We explore more of these features in this chapter.
Research shows us that each learning style uses different parts of the brain. By involving more of the brain during
learning, we remember more of what we learn. Researchers using brain-imaging technologies have been able to find
out the key areas of the brain responsible for each learning style.
For example:
• Visual: The occipital lobes at the back of the brain manage the visual sense. Both the occipital and parietal lobes
manage spatial orientation.
• Aural: The temporal lobes handle aural content. The right temporal lobe is especially important for music.
• Verbal: The temporal and frontal lobes, especially two specialized areas called Broca�s and Wernicke�s areas
(in the left hemisphere of these two lobes).
• Physical: The cerebellum and the motor cortex (at the back of the frontal lobe) handle much of our physical
movement.
• Logical: The parietal lobes, especially the left side, drive our logical thinking.
• Social: The frontal and temporal lobes handle much of our social activities. The limbic system (not shown apart from
the hippocampus) also influences both the social and solitary styles. The limbic system has a lot to do with emotions,
moods and aggression.
• Solitary: The frontal and parietal lobes, and the limbic system, are also active with this style.
Where to next?
Click the links in the navigation menu on the left (or above) to learn more about the individual learning styles, or go to
the learning styles inventory page to try a test to discover your own learning styles
Understanding Different Learning Styles
What is the best way to learn?
The best way for a person to learn depends on the person, of course. It is well know that people have
different leaning styles that work best for them. The best approach for an instructor to take is to address
a variety of learning styles with their teaching plan. It is also helpful to encourage students to
understand their preferred leaning style. By the time students reach the college level it is often
assumed that they have figured out the best and most productive way to study to retain information. Of
course, this is not a correct assumption. Teachers should make students aware of the various learning
styles and encourage them to consider their preferred style as they complete their studies.
Providing the right environment conducive to learning
Many people recognize that each person prefers different learning styles and techniques. Learning styles group
common ways that people learn. Everyone has a mix of learning styles. Some people may find that they have a
dominant style of learning, with far less use of the other styles. Others may find that they use different styles in
different circumstances. There is no right mix. Nor are your styles fixed. You can develop ability in less dominant
styles, as well as further develop styles that you already use well.
Many people recognize that each person prefers different learning styles and techniques. Learning styles group
common ways that people learn. Everyone has a mix of learning styles. Some people may find that they have a
dominant style of learning, with far less use of the other styles. Others may find that they use different styles in
different circumstances. There is no right mix. Nor are your styles fixed. You can develop ability in less dominant
styles, as well as further develop styles that you already use well.
Using multiple learning styles and �multiple intelligences� for learning is a relatively new approach. This
approach is one that educators have only recently started to recognize. Traditional schooling used (and continues to
use) mainly linguistic and logical teaching methods. It also uses a limited range of learning and teaching techniques.
Many schools still rely on classroom and book-based teaching, much repetition, and pressured exams for
reinforcement and review. A result is that we often label those who use these learning styles and techniques as
�bright.� Those who use less favored learning styles often find themselves in lower classes, with various not-
so-complimentary labels and sometimes lower quality teaching. This can create positive and negative spirals that
reinforce the belief that one is "smart" or "dumb".
By recognizing and understanding your own learning styles, you can use techniques better suited to you. This
improves the speed and quality of your learning.
The Seven Learning Styles
• Visual (spatial):You prefer using pictures, images, and spatial understanding.
• Aural (auditory-musical): You prefer using sound and music.
• Verbal (linguistic): You prefer using words, both in speech and writing.
• Physical (kinesthetic): You prefer using your body, hands and sense of touch.
• Logical (mathematical): You prefer using logic, reasoning and systems.
• Social (interpersonal): You prefer to learn in groups or with other people.
, • Solitary (intrapersonal): You prefer to work alone and use self-study.
Why Learning Styles? Understand the basis of learning styles
Your learning styles have more influence than you may realize. Your preferred styles guide the way you learn. They
also change the way you internally represent experiences, the way you recall information, and even the words you
choose. We explore more of these features in this chapter.
Research shows us that each learning style uses different parts of the brain. By involving more of the brain during
learning, we remember more of what we learn. Researchers using brain-imaging technologies have been able to find
out the key areas of the brain responsible for each learning style.
For example:
• Visual: The occipital lobes at the back of the brain manage the visual sense. Both the occipital and parietal lobes
manage spatial orientation.
• Aural: The temporal lobes handle aural content. The right temporal lobe is especially important for music.
• Verbal: The temporal and frontal lobes, especially two specialized areas called Broca�s and Wernicke�s areas
(in the left hemisphere of these two lobes).
• Physical: The cerebellum and the motor cortex (at the back of the frontal lobe) handle much of our physical
movement.
• Logical: The parietal lobes, especially the left side, drive our logical thinking.
• Social: The frontal and temporal lobes handle much of our social activities. The limbic system (not shown apart from
the hippocampus) also influences both the social and solitary styles. The limbic system has a lot to do with emotions,
moods and aggression.
• Solitary: The frontal and parietal lobes, and the limbic system, are also active with this style.
Where to next?
Click the links in the navigation menu on the left (or above) to learn more about the individual learning styles, or go to
the learning styles inventory page to try a test to discover your own learning styles
Understanding Different Learning Styles
What is the best way to learn?
The best way for a person to learn depends on the person, of course. It is well know that people have
different leaning styles that work best for them. The best approach for an instructor to take is to address
a variety of learning styles with their teaching plan. It is also helpful to encourage students to
understand their preferred leaning style. By the time students reach the college level it is often
assumed that they have figured out the best and most productive way to study to retain information. Of
course, this is not a correct assumption. Teachers should make students aware of the various learning
styles and encourage them to consider their preferred style as they complete their studies.
Providing the right environment conducive to learning
