ARRT MRI EXAM 2 2025/2026 QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
GRADED A+
✔✔chelate - ✔✔binds unpaired electrons to prevent gadolinium ions from binding with
other molecules of the body
✔✔gadolinium causes T1 relaxation times to ___ - ✔✔decrease
✔✔the use of gadolinium makes anatomy appear ___ on T1 images -
✔✔brighter/hyperintense
✔✔gadolinium has a slight ___ effect on T2 images - ✔✔negative
✔✔types of pathology that tends to enhance post gadolinium - ✔✔- tumors/lesions
- infections
- infartions
✔✔these brain structures tend to enhance post gadolinium - ✔✔- pituitary gland
- pineal gland
- choroid plexus
✔✔ventricles ___ enhance post gadolinium - ✔✔do not
✔✔basal ganglia is ___intense post gadolinium - ✔✔hpyo
✔✔scar tissue form the spines discs enhance ___, but regular tissues enhances within
___ - ✔✔immediately; 20-30 mins
✔✔body structures that enhance post gadolinium - ✔✔- liver
- kidneys
- pancreas
- adrenals
- vasculature
✔✔superparamagnetic contrast don't have ___ effects on T1 images and have a ___
effect on T2 images - ✔✔positive; negative
✔✔superparamagnetic contrast primarily ___ the T2 decay times within tissues -
✔✔shortens
✔✔most common superparamagnetic contrast is ___ - ✔✔iron oxide agents
✔✔iron oxide agents are commonly used to image the ___ - ✔✔liver
, ✔✔___ is a superparamagnetic and iron oxide agent - ✔✔feromoxide
✔✔it would be uncommon to use ___ agents when scanning the lungs -
✔✔hyperpolarized
✔✔juices that can be used as an oral contrast agent - ✔✔- blueberry
- mango
- pineapple
✔✔oral contrast agents have a ___ effect on T1 images - ✔✔positive
✔✔extravasation - ✔✔the leakage of intravenous drugs/contrast from a vein into the
surrounding tissue
✔✔compartment syndrome - ✔✔extravasation that involves large amounts of contrast
agents
✔✔inflitration - ✔✔the accidental administration of contrast into the surrounding tissue
instead of directly into the vein
✔✔thrombus - ✔✔small clot that can develop at the distal end of he IV catheter
✔✔embolism - ✔✔the sudden blockage of a blood vessel by an embolus
*embolus is a blood clot
✔✔nephrogenic systemic fibrosis - ✔✔disease that involves fibrosis of the skin and
internal organs via contrast injections
✔✔fibrosis - ✔✔the thickening and scarring of connective tissue, usually as a result of
injury
✔✔side effects of NSF - ✔✔- fibrosis
- joint contractures
- death
✔✔contraindications of gadolinium injections - ✔✔- stage 4/5 kidney disease
- diabetes
- sickle cell disease
- renal failure
✔✔glomerular filatration rate (GFR) - ✔✔total filtration rate of the kidneys functions
nephrons
✔✔normal GFR - ✔✔90ml/min/1.73² or higher
GRADED A+
✔✔chelate - ✔✔binds unpaired electrons to prevent gadolinium ions from binding with
other molecules of the body
✔✔gadolinium causes T1 relaxation times to ___ - ✔✔decrease
✔✔the use of gadolinium makes anatomy appear ___ on T1 images -
✔✔brighter/hyperintense
✔✔gadolinium has a slight ___ effect on T2 images - ✔✔negative
✔✔types of pathology that tends to enhance post gadolinium - ✔✔- tumors/lesions
- infections
- infartions
✔✔these brain structures tend to enhance post gadolinium - ✔✔- pituitary gland
- pineal gland
- choroid plexus
✔✔ventricles ___ enhance post gadolinium - ✔✔do not
✔✔basal ganglia is ___intense post gadolinium - ✔✔hpyo
✔✔scar tissue form the spines discs enhance ___, but regular tissues enhances within
___ - ✔✔immediately; 20-30 mins
✔✔body structures that enhance post gadolinium - ✔✔- liver
- kidneys
- pancreas
- adrenals
- vasculature
✔✔superparamagnetic contrast don't have ___ effects on T1 images and have a ___
effect on T2 images - ✔✔positive; negative
✔✔superparamagnetic contrast primarily ___ the T2 decay times within tissues -
✔✔shortens
✔✔most common superparamagnetic contrast is ___ - ✔✔iron oxide agents
✔✔iron oxide agents are commonly used to image the ___ - ✔✔liver
, ✔✔___ is a superparamagnetic and iron oxide agent - ✔✔feromoxide
✔✔it would be uncommon to use ___ agents when scanning the lungs -
✔✔hyperpolarized
✔✔juices that can be used as an oral contrast agent - ✔✔- blueberry
- mango
- pineapple
✔✔oral contrast agents have a ___ effect on T1 images - ✔✔positive
✔✔extravasation - ✔✔the leakage of intravenous drugs/contrast from a vein into the
surrounding tissue
✔✔compartment syndrome - ✔✔extravasation that involves large amounts of contrast
agents
✔✔inflitration - ✔✔the accidental administration of contrast into the surrounding tissue
instead of directly into the vein
✔✔thrombus - ✔✔small clot that can develop at the distal end of he IV catheter
✔✔embolism - ✔✔the sudden blockage of a blood vessel by an embolus
*embolus is a blood clot
✔✔nephrogenic systemic fibrosis - ✔✔disease that involves fibrosis of the skin and
internal organs via contrast injections
✔✔fibrosis - ✔✔the thickening and scarring of connective tissue, usually as a result of
injury
✔✔side effects of NSF - ✔✔- fibrosis
- joint contractures
- death
✔✔contraindications of gadolinium injections - ✔✔- stage 4/5 kidney disease
- diabetes
- sickle cell disease
- renal failure
✔✔glomerular filatration rate (GFR) - ✔✔total filtration rate of the kidneys functions
nephrons
✔✔normal GFR - ✔✔90ml/min/1.73² or higher
