Nursing EXAM (2025 Version) Tested Questions with Updated Answers Guaranteed A.

Nursing EXAM (2025 Version) Tested Questions with Updated Answers Guaranteed A. Which of the following could eventually change the historical status of nursing as a female-dominated profession? a. More men graduating from baccalaureate and higher degree programs b. The proportion of men in nursing beginning to increase c. More male graduates of basic nursing programs entering the workplace d. Salary compensation increasing to attract more men c. More male graduates of basic nursing programs entering the workplace The racial and ethnic composition of the nursing profession will change to more accurately reflect the population as a whole when a. the increased numbers of racial and ethnic minorities enrolled in educational programs graduate and begin to practice. b. the number of Asians or Native Hawaiian-Pacific Islanders begins to increase. c. the percentage of African-American and Hispanic nurses decreases more than the percentage of white nurses. d. the nonwhite portion of the general population decreases. a. the increased numbers of racial and ethnic minorities enrolled in educational programs graduate and begin to practice. Which of the following is a correct statement about the registered nurse (RN) population? a. The racial/ethnic composition of RNs closely resembles that of the general population. b. The number of men entering nursing has decreased steadily over the last decade. c. The rate of aging of RNs has slowed for the first time in the past 30 years. d. The majority of employed RNs working full time must work a second position. c. The rate of aging of RNs has slowed for the first time in the past 30 years. Which of the following best describes trends in nursing education? a. Numbers of RNs with bachelor's and higher degrees are increasing. b. Numbers of RNs with associate degrees are decreasing. c. Foreign-born nurses practicing in the United States are seen as less knowledgeable because of their lesser educational preparation. d. Numbers of RNs with diploma educations are increasing. a. Numbers of RNs with bachelor's and higher degrees are increasing. Despite the variety of work settings available to the RN, data indicate that the primary work site for RNs is a. ambulatory care settings. b. community health settings. c. long-term care facilities. d. acute care hospitals. d. acute care hospitals. One important advantage of clinical ladder programs for hospital-based RNs is that they a. allow career advancement for nurses who choose to remain at the bedside. b. encourage nurses to move into management positions in which they can influence patient care on a broader scale. c. encourage RNs to become politically active and guide the profession of nursing. d. provide training to staff nurses so they can move seamlessly across departments. a. allow career advancement for nurses who choose to remain at the bedside. Which of the following statements is correct about community health nursing (CHN)? a. Prevention and community education are the cornerstones of CHN. b. Nursing care is rapidly moving from the home setting to the institutional setting. c. High-tech care such as ventilators and total parenteral nutrition cannot be handled in the home. d. Assessment skills are less important in CHN because patients are not acutely ill. a. Prevention and community education are the cornerstones of CHN. Which of the following is most essential for the nurse entrepreneur to be successful? a. Ability to take direction well b. Excellent time-management skills c. Avoidance of risks d. A college degree in business b. Excellent time-management skills The major benefit of serving as a military nurse is a. broader responsibilities and scope of practice than civilian nurses. b. working with entirely baccalaureate-prepared peers on active duty. c. serving as an officer on active duty or in the reserves. d. the financial support to seek advanced degrees. d. the financial support to seek advanced degrees. Which of the following statements explains why the school nurse of today is truly a community health nurse? a. The school nurse may be called on to care for a student's family members in underserved areas. b. The school nurse's primary responsibility is centered on the well child. c. The school nurse's primary responsibility is to maintain immunization records. d. The school nurse must be certified in CHN. a. The school nurse may be called on to care for a student's family members in underserved areas. What has been found about the outcomes of patients cared for in hospitals with a higher percentage of BSN-prepared nurses as compared to patients in hospitals with a lower percentage of BSN-prepared nurses? a. Patient outcomes are more dependent on nurse-patient ratios. b. Outcomes were better in hospitals with more BSN-prepared nurses. c. Outcomes were similar in both types of hospitals. d. Medical patients had better outcomes, but surgical patients fared the same. b. Outcomes were better in hospitals with more BSN-prepared nurses. Faith community nursing (FCN) was founded on which of the following premises? a. Nurses' faith beliefs do not play a part in healing. b. The spiritual aspect takes precedence over the physical body in healing. c. Spiritual health is central to a person's well-being. d. Faith community nurses must receive formal training as a minister or clergy. c. Spiritual health is central to a person's well-being. One important advantage of the evolution of nursing informatics is that a. it allows any RN to become a certified informatics nurse. b. informatics nurses are best able to design systems with the needs and skills of nurses who use them in mind. c. informatics nurses will reduce the need for direct caregivers to document care. d. benefits of informatics advancements include improved patient safety and increased variability of care. b. informatics nurses are best able to design systems with the needs and skills of nurses who use them in mind. Which of the following nursing roles is not considered an advanced practice role? a. Certified nurse-midwife (CNM) b. Community health nurse c. Certified nurse practitioner (CNP) d. Clinical nurse specialist (CNS) b. Community health nurse NPs are advanced practice nurses who a. are required to have physician collaboration or supervision. b. function under a set of universal advanced practitioner laws. c. cannot receive direct reimbursement for their services. d. can diagnose and treat common and chronic conditions. d. can diagnose and treat common and chronic conditions. The clinical nurse leader (CNL) is a recently proposed role. The responsibilities of the person in this role include which of the following? a. Oversee and manage care delivery in specific settings. b. Manage and streamline operations in multiple nursing units. c. Replace the outdated CNS role. d. Provide daily care to a specific subset of patients with similar needs. a. Oversee and manage care delivery in specific settings. Hospice and palliative care nursing is a rapidly developing specialty in nursing. Which facts have contributed to this growth? (Select all that apply.) a. End-of-life care is largely the responsibility of nurses. b. End-of-life needs are expected to increase with the aging population. c. Nursing curricula have prepared nurses to deal effectively with dying patients and their families. d. Palliative care is a new focus of advanced practice nurses. e. Hospice and palliative care nurses work in a variety of settings. a. End-of-life care is largely the responsibility of nurses. b. End-of-life needs are expected to increase with the aging population. e. Hospice and palliative care nurses work in a variety of settings. CNSs may (Select all that apply.) a. manage an inpatient nursing unit. b. develop educational programs for nursing staff. c. conduct practice outcomes research. d. prescribe medications for common illnesses. e. attend or assist in the delivery of low-risk newborns. a. manage an inpatient nursing unit. b. develop educational programs for nursing staff. c. conduct practice outcomes research. Which early nursing leader founded the first training school for nurses that would later become a model for early nursing education? a. Dorothea Dix b. Florence Nightingale c. Clara Barton d. Mary Ann Bickerdyke b. Florence Nightingale Who was the first educated African-American professional nurse? a. Linda Richards b. Phoebe Pember c. Sojourner Truth d. Mary Eliza Mahoney d. Mary Eliza Mahoney We have an expert-written solution to this problem! To which early nursing leader is attributed the founding of the American Red Cross? a. Clara Barton b. Dorothea Dix c. Florence Nightingale d. Lavinia Lloyd Dock a. Clara Barton What were some of the application requirements of nursing education programs in the 1900s? a. Male, intelligent, strong b. Female, sensitive, subservient c. Female, docile, from poor background d. Male, high breeding, independent b. Female, sensitive, subservient Which of the following statements best describes how the Chicago World's Fair of 1893 became a pivotal point in the history of nursing education in the United States? a. Florence Nightingale's work on sanitation and its relationship to mortality rates was finally recognized. b. The organization today known as the NLN was formed to address issues in nursing education. c. The American Nurses Association (ANA) was formed to oversee nursing education in the United States. d. The International Council of Nurses (ICN) was formed to enhance collaboration between practicing nurses and educators. b. The organization today known as the NLN was formed to address issues in nursing education. Which early nursing organization is credited with first recommending state registration for nurses? a. ICN b. NLN c. ANA d. National Association of Colored Graduate Nurses a. ICN Which of the following nursing leaders, because of her work in the Henry Street Settlement, is considered the founder of public health nursing? a. Margaret Sanger b. Clara Barton c. Lillian Wald d. Lavinia Lloyd Dock c. Lillian Wald Despite the caring efforts of early public health nurses in the Henry Street Settlement, racial disparity left many people underserved. Which of the following African-American public health nurses was instrumental in providing excellent nursing care to underserved families despite these social challenges? a. Jessie Sleet Scales b. Margaret Sanger c. Lavinia Lloyd Dock d. Anita M. McGee a. Jessie Sleet Scales Which one of the following events occurring during the first decade of the 20th century brought sweeping changes to nursing? a. It was required that all practicing nurses be licensed. b. Permissive licensing laws allowed registered nurses (RNs) to practice without a license if they registered with the state. c. All states required a standardized licensing examination. d. Nurses had to pass a licensing examination to use the title RN. d. Nurses had to pass a licensing examination to use the title RN. What was the most significant impact on the profession of nursing made by Mary Breckenridge in her role as a frontier nurse? a. She demonstrated that nurses could provide primary care in rural settings. b. She demonstrated that female nurses could protect themselves in unsettled rural environments. c. She demonstrated that nurses were capable of teaching new mothers to care for babies. d. She demonstrated that nurses could provide care to many clients despite geographic boundaries. a. She demonstrated that nurses could provide primary care in rural settings. Which of the following trends in health care delivery that began in the second half of the 20th century continues today? a. Widespread use of team nursing to address the nursing shortage b. Massive movement of nurses out of acute care and into home care c. Advent of primary care to replace specialized care d. Provision of care to the poor, elderly, and disabled through Medicare and Medicaid d. Provision of care to the poor, elderly, and disabled through Medicare and Medicaid A recent trend in nursing has been an increase in the number of men and women with degrees in other fields or other careers applying to nursing programs. What is the single most important reason for this trend? a. Nursing as a career has gained increased status and prestige. b. Nursing salaries have outpaced many other fields. c. A nursing career provides both job security and meaningful employment. d. Working conditions in nursing have improved. c. A nursing career provides both job security and meaningful employment. What specialty of nursing was considered well suited for men at a time when other areas were excluding men from practicing? a. Obstetric nursing b. Pediatric nursing c. Psychiatric nursing d. Nurse educator c. Psychiatric nursing When surveyed, what is the primary reason given by men for entering nursing? a. To make a difference b. High salaries c. Flexible schedules d. Opportunity for travel a. To make a difference What was the purpose of the Hill-Burton Act? a. It established funding for the construction of hospitals. b. It provided women in the service with military rank. c. It established and funded the Frontier Nursing Service. d. It created the Cadet Nurse Corps. a. It established funding for the construction of hospitals. When surveyed, which profession was chosen by the general public as highest in honesty and ethics? a. Physician b. Pharmacist c. Nurse d. Attorney c. Nurse In 2002 which major American corporation partnered with nursing to design a media campaign to promote the image of nursing? a. Johnson & Johnson b. Baxter c. Microsoft d. Wal-Mart a. Johnson & Johnson A shift in population growth is expected to place stress on nursing resources. Which age-group is expected to experience the greatest population growth in the next decade? a. Older than 85 years of age b. 75 to 85 years of age c. 35 to 65 years of age d. 18 to 35 years of age a. Older than 85 years of age We have an expert-written solution to this problem! In which practice area was the first clinical nurse specialist (CNS) role developed? a. Mother-baby b. Psychiatric nursing c. Intensive care nursing d. Emergency nursing b. Psychiatric nursing Which of the following was an unsuccessful attempt by the American Medical Association (AMA) to alleviate the nursing shortage of the time? a. Creation of the nurse manager position b. Creation of the registered care technician c. Recruitment of RNs from English-speaking countries d. Redistribution of qualified nurses to certain geographic locations b. Creation of the registered care technician The first trained nurse in the United States graduated in 1873 and later became the supervisor of the Boston Training School. Who was this nurse? a. Mary Ann Bickerdyke b. Dorothea Dix c. Linda Richards d. Sallie Thompkins c. Linda Richards During the Great Depression, staffing of hospitals changed with an impact lasting to the current day. What was this change? a. The employment of graduate nurses in hospitals b. The need for increased private duty nurses and rural health nurses decreased the number of nurses seeking employment in hospitals c. The opening of more schools of nursing in hospitals d. The increased number of collegiate schools of nursing, which allowed hospitals to increase the educational requirements for the staff a. The employment of graduate nurses in hospitals What was the most important influence of war on nursing? a. It allowed for the development of hospitals. b. Nurses were able to perform medical procedures during war. c. Improved medical care increased soldiers' survival rates. d. It provided for the creation of new technology to make work easier. b. Nurses were able to perform medical procedures during war. Florence Nightingale is often credited as being the first nurse researcher. This designation is based on a. her methods of reorganizing British hospitals. b. her use of data on the morbidity and mortality of soldiers in hospitals in Scutari. c. demonstration that trained nurses provided better nursing care. d. publication of Notes on Nursing, the first scholarly nursing publication. b. her use of data on the morbidity and mortality of soldiers in hospitals in Scutari. The nursing profession is responsible for improving its own image. The most effective avenue for changing the image of nursing is to a. write letters expressing concerns to those responsible for negative images on television and in films. b. have nurses as consultants to the media to ensure that the media producers have accurate information about nursing. c. have nurses appear and behave professionally and explain what nurses do in each patient interaction. d. support the Johnson & Johnson campaign by distributing their information about nursing to students interested in nursing. c. have nurses appear and behave professionally and explain what nurses do in each patient interaction. The diversity of the population entering the health care system is a challenge for nurses because a. the portion of minorities in nursing is greater than the portion of minorities in the general population. b. educators are culturally competent leaders for nurses and students. c. lessons about culture and cultural differences are not part of progressive education programs. d. ethnic minority nurses do not yet meet the same proportions in the profession as in the general population. d. ethnic minority nurses do not yet meet the same proportions in the profession as in the general population. Biomedical technology involves the use of complex machines or devices in patient care situations. Because of the highly technological environment in which nurses work, it is important that nurses a. assume total responsibility for monitoring data generated by these devices. b. use human touch and words of reassurance frequently to convey caring. c. maintain the device's safety by assuring routine assessment by physicians. d. be careful not to frighten the patient and family with information about the device. d. be careful not to frighten the patient and family with information about the device. Margaret Sanger, as a nurse and activist, worked on the Lower East Side of New York City in the early 1900s with immigrant women. What was the focus of her work? a. Sanitation to prevent disease transmission b. Health education for children c. Providing nursing care to underserved African-American families d. Safe contraception and family planning for women d. Safe contraception and family planning for women Nursing practices during the Civil War advanced the cause of professional nursing. The move toward formal education and training was supported by (Select all that apply.) a. endorsement by the Catholic nursing orders (Sisters of Charity, Sisters of Mercy, and Sisters of the Holy Cross). b. a proposal by Dr. Samuel Gross in 1869 that large hospitals develop training schools for nurses. c. reports of inadequate conditions in hospitals reported by social reformers after the Civil War. d. lobbying by the United States Sanitary Commission for the creation of nursing schools. e. the appointment of Dorothea Dix as Superintendent of Women Nurses of the (Union) Army. b. a proposal by Dr. Samuel Gross in 1869 that large hospitals develop training schools for nurses. c. reports of inadequate conditions in hospitals reported by social reformers after the Civil War. d. lobbying by the United States Sanitary Commission for the creation of nursing schools. e. the appointment of Dorothea Dix as Superintendent of Women Nurses of the (Union) Army. Historically, one solution that attempted to correct the shortage of RNs was to increase the supply of nurses. Means of increasing the supply of nurses included (Select all that apply.) a. implementation of team nursing. b. use of “traveling nurses.” c. development of associate degree programs. d. importation of nurses from English-speaking countries. e. use of registered care technicians. b. use of "traveling nurses." c. development of associate degree programs. d. importation of nurses from English-speaking countries. Provisions of the Affordable Care Act include (Select all that apply.) a. lifetime limits of catastrophic care insurance will cover. b. children up to age 26 being allowed to stay on parents’ insurance. c. disallowing denial of coverage for children and teens’ preexisting conditions. d. the right to appeal coverage decisions. e. recommended preventative services without out-of-pocket cost to consumers. b. children up to age 26 being allowed to stay on parents' insurance. c. disallowing denial of coverage for children and teens' preexisting conditions. d. the right to appeal coverage decisions. e. recommended preventative services without out-of-pocket cost to consumers. Which of the following was recognized earliest as a true profession? a. Ministry b. Teaching c. Social work d. Engineering a. Ministry Which of the following characteristics of a profession were listed in Flexner's work on professions? a. Activities of professions are more physically than intellectually oriented. b. Activities of professions are based on their own body of knowledge. c. Beliefs of professions are more theoretical than practical. d. Beliefs and traditions are handed down from generation to generation. b. Activities of professions are based on their own body of knowledge. Similarities exist between various ideas about what constitutes a profession. Which of the following is believed to be a characteristic of a profession? a. Members have autonomy. b. Members are trained on the job. c. Members are motivated primarily by financial reward. d. The group lacks a code of ethics. a. Members have autonomy. Which of the following best describes the difference between an occupation and a profession? a. A profession requires a duty to serve. b. A profession is defined by members' average income. c. In a profession, action is based on intuition. d. In a profession, knowledge is handed down from generation to generation. a. A profession requires a duty to serve. According to the nurse’s Code of Ethics, the hallmark of nursing practice is a. autonomy. b. accountability. c. evidence-based practice. d. altruism. b. accountability. The document that provides professional standards and a framework for professional decision making that ensures decisions are made with the highest integrity is the a. Nurse Practice Act. b. Code of Ethics. c. Nursing's Social Policy Statement. d. bylaws of the American Nurses Association (ANA). b. Code of Ethics. A component that separates occupations from professions is commitment. Which of the following is the best way that nurses can show commitment to each other? a. Reporting substandard practice by unlicensed personnel b. Reading the professional literature c. Mentoring nursing students and novice nurses d. Making a financial donation to a professional organization c. Mentoring nursing students and novice nurses The nursing profession has experienced barriers to professionalism. Which of the following is the primary current barrier to nursing's professionalism? a. Too many men in nursing b. Unquestioning obedience to doctors c. Limitations placed on practice by state legislators d. Variability of educational backgrounds of nurses d. Variability of educational backgrounds of nurses The process of professionalization of an occupation typically follows a pattern of developmental stages. One of the stages is collective identity. Which of the following is an example of collective identity? a. Legal right to practice profession to protect unique skills from outsiders b. Apprenticeship programs to develop skills c. A loose association of practitioners d. Definition of the profession's mission related to full-time work a. Legal right to practice profession to protect unique skills from outsiders Preparation is a component that separates occupations from professions. Which of the following is the best way that a nurse demonstrates preparation for the profession? a. Improves nursing practice through the use of trial and error methods b. Focuses on the skills needed for the practice setting c. Articulates the values of caring and compassion in patient-centered care d. Utilizes textbooks from college to support practice 5 years after graduation c. Articulates the values of caring and compassion in patient-centered care A barrier to professionalism attributed to nursing's roots in altruism is illustrated when a nurse a. questions a medication order written by the physician. b. takes the time to listen to a patient's fears about surgery. c. needs to seek approval from charge nurse to give a PRN medication. d. feels guilty for expecting to be paid well for work. d. feels guilty for expecting to be paid well for work. A major challenge to full autonomy for nurses is/are a. state nurse practice acts. b. lobbyists for the American Medical Association (AMA) and hospital associations. c. the status of nurses in hospital hierarchy. d. the view of physicians as the gatekeepers in health care. b. lobbyists for the American Medical Association (AMA) and hospital associations. One of the characteristics of a profession identified by Kelly was "there is an organization (association) that encourages and supports high standards of practice." Which of the following illustrates a concern for nursing meeting this characteristic? a. The ANA has existed for more than 100 years. b. Nursing specialty organizations have greater power to influence practice than a more general nursing organization. c. The membership of the ANA is less than 10% of all nurses. d. The purpose of the ANA does not address the economic and general welfare of nurses. c. The membership of the ANA is less than 10% of all nurses. Scholars have defined “profession” through the years. Which of the following were identified as common major characteristics according to scholars? (Select all that apply.) a. It is based on a body of knowledge that can be learned. b. It has a service orientation. c. Practice is in a single recognized setting. d. Professionals control their own practice and settings. e. Skills can be learned in a variety of settings, including through job training. a. It is based on a body of knowledge that can be learned. b. It has a service orientation. d. Professionals control their own practice and settings. An important aspect of professionalism is collegiality. Which of the following demonstrates collegiality? (Select all that apply.) a. Assisting a nurse researcher with data collection related to measuring stress levels in hospitalized children b. Reporting a nursing assistant to the nurse manager when heart rate was not recorded in a patient chart c. Participating in weekly patient care conferences with physicians, social workers, and other therapists d. Sharing with another nurse that you heard the nurse manager is dating the new physical therapist on the unit e. Serving as a preceptor to a nurse completing a refresher course to reactivate her nursing license. a. Assisting a nurse researcher with data collection related to measuring stress levels in hospitalized children c. Participating in weekly patient care conferences with physicians, social workers, and other therapists e. Serving as a preceptor to a nurse completing a refresher course to reactivate her nursing license. In 1900, the primary reason for hospital-based nursing education programs was to a. educate nurses to care for patients in hospitals. b. provide educational opportunities for women. c. staff the hospitals that operated the education programs. d. provide standardized preparation for nurses. c. staff the hospitals that operated the education programs. Which of the following nursing leaders is credited with being one of the earliest nursing educators in the world? a. Isabel Hampton Robb b.Mary Adelaide Nutting c. Melinda Anne Richards d. Annie W. Goodrich b.Mary Adelaide Nutting The Goldmark Report focused on what aspect of nursing? a. Consistency in length of nursing education programs b. Consistency in theory content across diploma programs c. Desirability of establishing schools of nursing within academic settings d. Increasing numbers of physicians teaching in nursing programs c. Desirability of establishing schools of nursing within academic settings Which American university opened the first nursing school as a separate department within the university? a. Harvard b. Teachers College c. Columbia d. Yale d. Yale Which of the following recommendations resulting from the 1934 study Nursing Schools Today and Tomorrow still has relevance today? a. Nursing students should be trained on the job. b. Nursing students should be used to staff hospitals on the weekends. c. Nurses should be highly educated. d. Nurses with highly developed instincts do not require standards of practice. c. Nurses should be highly educated. The earliest type of formal nursing education program was the a. diploma program. b. associate degree program. c. bachelor's degree program. d. grandfathered acceptance as registered nurse (RN). a. diploma program. The single most important reason for the decline in the number of hospital-based diploma programs was a. shift in hospital occupancy from acute care to home care. b. increase in hospital-based medical residency programs competing for educational dollars. c. beginning of associate degree programs that were shorter in length. d. diploma education's position outside the mainstream of higher education. d. diploma education's position outside the mainstream of higher education. Which of the following is a primary reason for the initial slow growth of bachelor's degree nursing programs in the United States? a. Belief that hands-on training received in hospital-based diploma programs was superior to the theoretical-focused content in bachelor's degree programs b. Belief that hospital-based diploma programs were more scientifically based c. Belief that students prepared in hospital-based diploma programs were more compassionate caregivers d. Belief that hospital-based education programs facilitated career mobility a. Belief that hands-on training received in hospital-based diploma programs was superior to the theoretical-focused content in bachelor's degree programs The 1948 Brown Report recommended which of the following? a. Limit enrollment of men and minorities in nursing programs. b. Students admitted to nursing programs should not be required to meet admission requirements of the university. c. Schools of nursing should be associated with teaching hospitals. d. Schools of nursing should be located in institutions of higher learning. d. Schools of nursing should be located in institutions of higher learning. Which of the following is true about bachelor's of science in nursing (BSN) education? a. Faculty must be BSN prepared. b. It is recommended by professional organizations as preparation for entry into practice. c. It requires 3 years to complete. d. Faculty are not given full faculty status in the university. b. It is recommended by professional organizations as preparation for entry into practice. Which recommendation made by the 1965 American Nurses Association (ANA) position paper and other position papers of national nursing organizations is still an issue today? a. Education for nursing should take place in hospital-based programs. b. Minimum preparation for professional nursing practice should be the BSN degree. c. Minimum preparation for technical nursing practice should be the licensed practical/vocation nurse (LPN/LVN) diploma. d. Education for nursing must be evidence-based. b. Minimum preparation for professional nursing practice should be the BSN degree. Which type of basic nursing education program graduates the largest number of RNs in the United States today? a. Diploma programs b. Associate degree programs c. BSN programs d. Nurse practitioner programs b. Associate degree programs Which person or organization is credited with developing the model of associate degree nursing education? a. Esther Lucille Brown b. Annie W. Goodrich c. Mildred Montag d. National League for Nursing c. Mildred Montag What is the purpose of articulated models or systems for nursing education? a. Increasing curriculum similarities in nursing programs b. Allowing nurses to work in nursing as they gain additional education c. Increasing the numbers of nursing education programs d. Facilitating opportunities for nurses to move up the educational ladder with ease d. Facilitating opportunities for nurses to move up the educational ladder with ease Which of the following is an important advantage of distance learning? a. It allows access to adult learners who are geographically unable to participate in a traditional classroom setting. b. It allows students to set their own learning objectives. c. It allows a student to take courses without clinical components. d. It allows universities to offer more classes with fewer faculty. a. It allows access to adult learners who are geographically unable to participate in a traditional classroom setting. All levels of nursing educational programs can be accredited by which organization? a. American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) b. Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education (CCNE) c. Accreditation Commission for Education in Nursing (ACEN) d. National League for Nursing Councils of Education Programs (NLNCEP) c. Accreditation Commission for Education in Nursing (ACEN) Which of the following is a part of the history of doctoral education in nursing? a. The nurse scientist program was discontinued after more universities began offering doctoral programs in nursing. b. The first doctoral degree (PhD) was offered at the University of Pittsburgh. c. The number of doctoral programs in nursing has doubled since 1990. d. The largest numbers of doctoral programs are practice-focused. a. The nurse scientist program was discontinued after more universities began offering doctoral programs in nursing. In 2004, the AACN proposed a new doctoral degree, the doctor of nursing practice (DNP). What is the focus of the DNP degree in nursing? a. Nursing research b. Nursing quality improvement c. Advanced clinical practice d. Nursing theory development c. Advanced clinical practice Which of the following is the primary distinction between licensure and certification? a. Certification is required to practice nursing. b. Licensure is granted automatically on completion of an accredited nursing program. c. Certification validates a high level of proficiency. d. Licensure is voluntary. c. Certification validates a high level of proficiency. The purpose of mandatory continuing education for license renewal is to a. ensure that nurses remain up to date in knowledge. b. ensure that nurses remain competent in psychomotor skills. c. ensure that nurses attend regular staff development meetings. d. ensure consistency between states regarding continuing education requirements. a. ensure that nurses remain up to date in knowledge. Florence Nightingale established a school of nursing based on which of the following innovative principles? (Select all that apply.) a. The nursing school should be affiliated with a teaching hospital but independent of it. b. Professional nurses should be paid for their instruction in the school. c. Students should be selected to create a diverse student body. d. The curriculum should include theory and practical experience. e. Nurses should be trained in privately funded educational institutions. a. The nursing school should be affiliated with a teaching hospital but independent of it. b. Professional nurses should be paid for their instruction in the school. d. The curriculum should include theory and practical experience. We have an expert-written solution to this problem! Why is accreditation of nursing education programs is important? (Select all that apply.) a. It assures students that their educational program is offering quality education. b. Acceptance into graduate programs in nursing depends on graduation from an accredited program. c. It serves as stimulus for programs to initiate periodic self-examination and self-improvement. d. It has established standards to allow graduates to take licensure examinations. e. Graduating from an accredited program ensures successful completion of the licensure exam. a. It assures students that their educational program is offering quality education. b. Acceptance into graduate programs in nursing depends on graduation from an accredited program. c. It serves as stimulus for programs to initiate periodic self-examination and self-improvement. Which factors contribute to threatening the current and future supply of nurses? (Select all that apply.) a. The number of qualified applicants has decreased. b. Seventy-five percent of current faculty may retire over the next decade. c. Overall numbers of applicants to doctoral programs has decreased. d. Faculty vacancies are having an impact on large numbers of schools. e. More men are entering nursing and choosing faculty positions. b. Seventy-five percent of current faculty may retire over the next decade. d. Faculty vacancies are having an impact on large numbers of schools. Over the last two decades a number of organizations issued reports identifying changes needed in nursing education to prepare nurses for practice in the 21st century. Which of the following suggestions were included in these reports? (Select all that apply.) a. Recruitment of students and faculty to reflect the multicultural nature of society b. More focus on knowledge and skills to care for acutely ill individuals c. Increased informatics training to improve access to information d. Limiting discussion of the quality improvement measures in the health care system e. Curricula emphasizing interdisciplinary teamwork and collaboration a. Recruitment of students and faculty to reflect the multicultural nature of society c. Increased informatics training to improve access to information e. Curricula emphasizing interdisciplinary teamwork and collaboration The discovery of oxygen would be called pure science because this information a. was obtained for the sake of obtaining new knowledge of the world. b. had an immediate use for humans. c. would be useful in curing, managing, or preventing disease. d. could direct further research at the bedside. a. was obtained for the sake of obtaining new knowledge of the world. We have an expert-written solution to this problem! What is meant by the term "evidence-based practice"? a. Using nursing research findings to develop nursing theory b. Integrating the research process into nursing administration c. Studying research from the social sciences and applying it to practice d. Applying research findings; patient care data, preferences, and values; and nursing expertise to nursing practice d. Applying research findings; patient care data, preferences, and values; and nursing expertise to nursing practice To build the body of knowledge of nursing, a problem amenable to study should be a. able to ensure participants that the intervention is a "good idea." b. based on published research findings and fit logically with what is already known. c. an original area of study never researched previously. d. able to produce results that are applicable to a variety of situations. b. based on published research findings and fit logically with what is already known. Which of the following is not a necessary step in the research process? a. Review of the literature b. Review of best practice guidelines c. Design of the study d. Dissemination of results b. Review of best practice guidelines Which of the following are the three most common sources of research questions? a. Study of clinical problems, anecdotal stories, requests by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) b. Requests by drug companies, doctoral students, review of the literature c. Clinical problems, replication of prior research, testing nursing theory d. Review of existing research, NIH grants, request by state board of nursing c. Clinical problems, replication of prior research, testing nursing theory Which of the following is an example of a research question based on a clinical problem? a. Published observations of a nurse who practiced many years in elder care b. Nursing intuition about what measures are most useful with anxious patients before surgery c. Stories of a flight nurse's experiences with posttraumatic stress disorder d. Relationship between hours of bright light and irritability of preterm infants d. Relationship between hours of bright light and irritability of preterm infants A nursing manager wants the unit staff to become more involved in research. The staff nurses say they are not qualified to conduct research. Which response by the manager is best? a. "You need a basic understanding of the research process because you should be good consumers of research." b. "At the staff nurse level, you can assist with clinical studies by doing data collection." c. "A baccalaureate-prepared nurse should be able to design simple studies." d. "If we all work on this together, we can design and implement good research studies." a. "You need a basic understanding of the research process because you should be good consumers of research." An intensive care unit (ICU) nurse notices that patients seem to have more normal vital signs when they are being visited by their family members, especially when the visitors seem to be more "caring." However, the hospital has strict visiting hours of 10 minutes every other hour. What would be the most appropriate research question to ask at this time? a. What is patient and family satisfaction with visitation time? b. What is the relationship between length of visitation and vital signs? c. What are the vital signs of ICU patients when visited by caring visitors in comparison with when they are alone? d. Do ICU patients have vital signs in the normal range more frequently when they are being visited by family members? d. Do ICU patients have vital signs in the normal range more frequently when they are being visited by family members? Which research design has the goal of determining a cause-and-effect relationship? a. Experimental design b. Nonexperimental design c. Pure research d. Applied research a. Experimental design Which research design would be used to determine the relationship between self-concept, physical fitness, and health habits in school-aged children? a. Experimental design b. Nonexperimental design c. Applied research design d. Pretest and posttest design b. Nonexperimental design Which research design should be used to determine whether there is a difference in the effectiveness of two preoperative preparation methods on length of stay? a. Survey design b. Experimental design c. Nonexperimental design d. Descriptive comparison design Experimental design For data collection to be valid, what must occur? a. The tool must be thorough. b. The tool must be unbiased. c. The tool must measure what it is supposed to measure. d. The tool must be accurate all of the time. c. The tool must measure what it is supposed to measure. A data collection protocol calls for a questionnaire to be administered to patients having knee replacement surgery after the third physical therapy appointment. Errors can be introduced into the study by a. giving the questionnaire to all participants. b. reading the questionnaire to the participants with poor reading skills. c. giving the questionnaire to all participants when they arrive for their appointment. d. giving the questionnaire to the participants after the appointment to be completed while they have a snack. c. giving the questionnaire to all participants when they arrive for their appointment. Which of the following must be included in the informed consent in research? a. Participants relinquish the right to privacy. b.Once participants agree to participate, they must complete the study. c. Participants need to know the funding source for the research. d. Participants must be informed of risks associated with participation. d. Participants must be informed of risks associated with participation. What body has been established to protect participants of research? a. Institutional review board b. State board of nursing c. Nursing research board d. Peer review panel a. Institutional review board What is the current name of the agency that serves as an important source of funding for nursing research? a. NIH b. National Institute of Nursing Research c. National Center for Nursing Research d. National Nursing Research Agenda b. National Institute of Nursing Research Translational research/science will do which of the following? (Select all that apply.) a. Result in biomedical research becoming less flexible in response to the needs of society b. Limit interdisciplinary research because this does not enhance patient care c. Take laboratory findings for development for use with patients at the bedside d. Use clinical research findings to ask new questions for research in the laboratory e. Discover practical applications for scientific theories and laws. c. Take laboratory findings for development for use with patients at the bedside d. Use clinical research findings to ask new questions for research in the laboratory Quantitative research methods may be somewhat less useful in nursing because of which of the following? (Select all that apply.) a. Qualitative methods are the preferred method to study nursing phenomena. b. Nursing ethics require more stringent controls than are required by quantitative methods. c. Many phenomena of interest to nurses are not amenable to study in tightly controlled circumstances. d. The complexity of human beings makes it difficult to break problems into statements that can be tested. e. Patient perceptions of experiences may have significant effects on their health behaviors. c. Many phenomena of interest to nurses are not amenable to study in tightly controlled circumstances. d. The complexity of human beings makes it difficult to break problems into statements that can be tested. e. Patient perceptions of experiences may have significant effects on their health behaviors. Evidence-based nursing practice involves which of the following? (Select all that apply.) a. The use of the best evidence available supporting the interventions b. The use of randomized controlled trials only versus qualitative studies c. The expertise of the professional nurse d. Resources to identify practices that have traditionally been used in nursing practice e. The preferences of the individual patients and their families a. The use of the best evidence available supporting the interventions c. The expertise of the professional nurse e. The preferences of the individual patients and their families A nurse wants to examine the accuracy of child and parent perceptions of asthma symptoms and their decision making based on their understanding of the symptoms. What specific factors would identify participants? (Select all that apply.) a. Children 5 to 18 years of age b. Mothers of the children c. Children with a history of pneumonia d. Families living in rural areas e. Ethnicity a. Children 5 to 18 years of age b. Mothers of the children Dissemination of findings may involve which of the following activities? (Select all that apply.) a. Manuscript reviewed by peers b. Oral presentation of findings at annual conference of the Society of Pediatric Nurses c. Poster presentation at regional conference of Sigma Theta Tau International d. Publication of findings in Western Journal of Nursing Research e. PowerPoint slides developed showing charts and graphs of the statistical results a. Manuscript reviewed by peers b. Oral presentation of findings at annual conference of the Society of Pediatric Nurses c. Poster presentation at regional conference of Sigma Theta Tau International d. Publication of findings in Western Journal of Nursing Research Critical thinking in nursing needs to include which of the following important variables? a. Consideration of ethics and responsible decision making b. Ability to act quickly, often on impulse c. Ability to determine the best nursing interventions regardless of patient's values and beliefs d. Flexible thinking that rarely follows a pattern or considers standards a. Consideration of ethics and responsible decision making A nursing student asks a faculty member how to improve critical thinking. Which response by the faculty is best? a. "Don't worry too much; it will come with time and experience." b. Pay close attention to how you solve problems; assess your own style of thinking." c. "Spend time shadowing an experienced nurse to see how it is done." d. "Use ethical standards to guide how you approach patient situations." b. Pay close attention to how you solve problems; assess your own style of thinking." Which of the following is a characteristic of an accomplished critical thinker? a. Inquisitiveness b. Narrow focus c. Unaffected by other arguments d. Quick decision making a. Inquisitiveness Which of the following statements describes the purpose of the nursing process? a. Process of documentation designed to decrease liability b. Process designed to maximize reimbursement potential c. A sophisticated time-management strategy d. Process used to identify and solve patient problems d. Process used to identify and solve patient problems Which of the following is considered subjective data in information gathering from the patient? a. Pulse and blood pressure measurements b. ECG pattern c. Diaphoresis d. Pain d. Pain A nursing student is complaining about writing care plans. Which response by the faculty is best to help the student see the importance of this activity? a. "Using the nursing process will help nurses get reimbursement for their services." b. "You need a written plan of care so everyone is on the same page as you are." c. "The nursing process is a way to systematically think about and use patient data." d. "Most state nurse practice acts require them, so you need to learn how to do them." c. "The nursing process is a way to systematically think about and use patient data." Which of the following is considered objective data obtained from the patient? a. "I can't catch my breath." b. Patient expresses concern about missing work. c. Patient nods, indicating an affirmative answer to a question. d. Blood pressure is 110/70 at 8 p.m. d. Blood pressure is 110/70 at 8 p.m. The nurse observes a patient lying rigidly in bed and taking shallow breaths. The patient reports a pain score of 4 out of 5 and says, "My leg hurts." The nurse determines that the objective and subjective data are a. incongruent and require more assessment. b. insufficient to make any conclusions. c. congruent and support that the patient is in pain. d. unclear; the nurse needs to talk to the patient's family for more information. c. congruent and support that the patient is in pain. A nurse is admitting a non-English speaking patient to the hospital unit. Which is the best method of obtaining data from the patient? a. Asking the other family members to help interpret b. Performing a physical examination on the patient c. Interviewing the patient using a professional interpreter d. Attempting to obtain past medical records for this patient c. Interviewing the patient using a professional interpreter What is the primary method of obtaining patient data? a. Medical record b. Speaking with family c. Interview with patient d. Physical examination c. Interview with patient What does the process of analysis of patient data directly result in? a. Validating actual problems or diagnoses b. Determining the nursing interventions of importance c. Identifying actual or potential problems amenable to nursing intervention d. Confirming the medical diagnosis c. Identifying actual or potential problems amenable to nursing intervention Which of the following describes the primary difference between nursing diagnoses and medical diagnoses? a. Nursing diagnoses identify simple instead of complex problems. b. Nursing diagnoses must be verified by a physician. c. Nursing diagnoses, like medical diagnoses, identify medical diseases. d. Nursing diagnoses identify problems that can be treated with independent nursing actions. d. Nursing diagnoses identify problems that can be treated with independent nursing actions. Which of the following is a correctly stated nursing diagnosis? a. Fluid volume deficit b. Hypovolemia related to vomiting c. Fluid volume deficit related to vomiting as evidenced by increased heart rate and decreased urine output d. Hypovolemia related to nausea as evidenced by restlessness and anxiety c. Fluid volume deficit related to vomiting as evidenced by increased heart rate and decreased urine output A patient is admitted with the diagnosis of bronchitis, congestive heart failure, and fever. The nurse's assessment finds a temperature of 101° F, peripheral edema, and rhonchi. Which of the following is the best etiology to support the nursing diagnosis of ineffective airway clearance? a. Peripheral edema b. Retained secretions c. Bronchitis d. Congestive heart failure b. Retained secretions Why is the etiology of the nursing diagnosis statement important? a. If the etiology is incorrect, the nursing interventions are likely to be ineffective. b. The etiology will be the same each time the nursing diagnosis is identified. c. The etiology is necessary to identify the defining characteristics. d. The etiology determines whether the problem can be solved. a. If the etiology is incorrect, the nursing interventions are likely to be ineffective. A patient is admitted with asthma. The nurse's assessment finds a temperature of 99° F, wheezing, speaking in three-word phrases, and respiratory rate of 16 breaths per minute. Which of the following are the best defining characteristics to support the diagnosis of ineffective airway clearance related to inflammation and constriction of the bronchial tree? a. Elevated temperature and respiratory rate b. Diagnosis of asthma with wheezing c. Wheezing and speaking in three-word phrases d. Limited vocalization and fever c. Wheezing and speaking in three-word phrases Which of the following patient problems is given the highest priority by the nurse? a. Anxiety related to hospitalization as manifested by hyperactive state b. Impaired tissue perfusion, cerebral, related to hypoxia as manifested by decreased level of consciousness c. Impaired skin integrity related to surgical incision d. Risk for fluid volume overload related to imbalance in antidiuretic hormone as manifested by peripheral edema and decreased sodium b. Impaired tissue perfusion, cerebral, related to hypoxia as manifested by decreased level of consciousness Which of the following patient problems is given the highest priority by the nurse using Maslow's hierarchy of needs? a. Anxiety related to fear of the hospital b. Ineffective airway clearance related to retained secretions c. Fluid volume excess related to third spacing of fluid (edema) d. Ineffective thermoregulation related to fever b. Ineffective airway clearance related to retained secretions The identification of nursing diagnosis and goal setting should ideally be a collaborative process between the nurse and which other party? a. Physician b. Nurse manager c. Patient's family d. Patient d. Patient Which of the following statements has all of the necessary criteria for a well-written outcome? a. Patient will consume 50% of meals with no nausea and vomiting by 24 hours postsurgery. b. Therapist will report improvement in patient's range of motion on a daily basis. c. Patient will ambulate in the halls a little today. d. Patient's condition will improve before discharge. a. Patient will consume 50% of meals with no nausea and vomiting by 24 hours postsurgery A patient is in respiratory distress and placed on oxygen. Which is the most appropriate short-term goal? a. Nasal cannula remains in place. b. Patient completes morning care and eats breakfast. c. Patient verbalizes that he is breathing better after lunch. d. Patient maintains an oxygen saturation of 90% during the shift. d. Patient maintains an oxygen saturation of 90% during the shift. Which of the following is an appropriate long-term goal to measure diabetes control for a patient in whom diabetes has been newly diagnosed? a. Patient will inject insulin twice daily. b. Patient will keep appointments with physician over the next 6 months. c. Patient's A1c will be 5% at 1 year postdiagnosis. d. Patient's recorded blood glucose will be between 60 and 120 mg/dL each day. c. Patient's A1c will be 5% at 1 year postdiagnosis. Which of the following is an independent nursing intervention? a. Teaching a patient with congestive heart failure to weigh herself daily b. Recommending an extra dose of diuretic to the patient whose weight has increased 2 pounds overnight c. Changing the first surgical dressing on a patient after surgery d. Transferring a patient out of the intensive care unit 2 days after vascular surgery a. Teaching a patient with congestive heart failure to weigh herself daily Which of the following represents an interdependent nursing action? a. Giving the patient an ordered medication b. Bathing the patient c. Inserting a Foley catheter d. Participating in a "code" (cardiac arrest response) d. Participating in a "code" (cardiac arrest response) The use of standardized plans of care for different patient populations has a. facilitated the use of critical paths as interdisciplinary plans of care. b. required the nurse to individualize the plan of care to the patient. c. eliminated the need for the nurse to develop a plan of care for an individual. d. increased the time the nurse has to document the plan of care. b. required the nurse to individualize the plan of care to the patient. The nurse instructs the patient about incentive spirometry as preoperative teaching. Which phase of the nursing process does this illustrate? a. Assessment b. Planning c. Implementation d. Evaluation c. Implementation In the nursing process, the evaluation phase is used to determine the a. value of the nursing intervention. b. accuracy of problem identification. c. the quality of the plan of care. d. degree of outcome achievement. d. degree of outcome achievement. A nurse reviewing a patient's care plan notes a goal of "Patient will ambulate 50 feet, three times in the hallway today." According to Bloom, what taxonomic category is this goal? a. Affective domain b. Physical domain c. Psychomotor domain d. Cognitive domain b. Physical domain A “well-cultivated critical thinker” is an individual who does which of the following? (Select all that apply.) a. Raises questions b. Recognizes alternative ways to see problems c. Uses only logic to determine relevance of information d. Implements solutions to complex problems only as an individual e. Criticizes solutions and alternatives suggested by others a. Raises questions b. Recognizes alternative ways to see problems The nurse is admitting a patient for surgery. The patient is twisting a handkerchief over and over while saying, “I”m going to have a little mole removed. I'm not worried. The surgery will take only an hour, and then I will go home. I’ve never been sick a day in my life, so I”ll be fine.” The nurse finds the following during her physical assessment: blood pressure is 150/90; temperature is 98.6° F; pulse is 88 beats per minute; respiration is 20 breaths per minute; black, brown, and red pigmented pea-sized raised area on her shoulder. Which of the above information would be considered objective data? (Select all that apply.) a. Twisting handkerchief b. Blood pressure 150/90 c. “I’m having this little mole removed.” d. Patient is worried. e. Patient is exhibiting denial. a. Twisting handkerchief b. Blood pressure 150/90 The nurse is admitting a patient for surgery. The patient is twisting a handkerchief over and over while saying, “I’m going to have a little mole removed. I’m not worried. The surgery will take only an hour, and then I will go home. I’ve never been sick a day in my life, so I’ll be fine.” The nurse finds the following during her physical assessment: blood pressure is 150/90; temperature is 98.6° F; pulse is 88 beats per minute; respiration is 20 breaths per minute; black, brown, and red pigmented pea-sized raised area on her shoulder. Which of the above information would be considered subjective data? (Select all that apply.) a. Pigmented mole on shoulder b. “I’m not worried… I’ll be fine.” c. Patient is anxious. d. Heart rate is increased. e. “The surgery will take only an hour and then I will go home.” b. "I'm not worried... I'll be fine." e. "The surgery will take only an hour and then I will go home." Several methods have been developed to assist nurses in organizing patient data. They include (Select all that apply.) a. Henderson’s 14 nursing problems. b. Gordon’s 11 functional health patterns. c. Nightingale’s ecological framework. d. Abdellah’s 21 nursing problems. a. Henderson's 14 nursing problems. b. Gordon's 11 functional health patterns. d. Abdellah's 21 nursing problems. Developing sound clinical judgment is a professional responsibility of the nurse. Which statements indicate behaviors that improve clinical judgment? (Select all that apply.) a. “I always assess before acting and make changes as needed.” b. “I only work the shifts I am assigned and usually refuse to float to other units.” c. “I look for research findings to support my nursing actions.” d. “I believe that every patient deserves my very best efforts.” e. “I have read the professional nursing standards.” a. "I always assess before acting and make changes as needed." c. "I look for research findings to support my nursing actions." d. "I believe that every patient deserves my very best efforts." e. "I have read the professional nursing standards."