BIOB 272 Exam 2 Questions with
Accurate Answers
the study of continuous phenotypic traits and their underlying evolutionary mechanisms
- Correct Answers -quantitative genetics
a statistical measure of the dispersion of trait values about their mean - Correct
Answers -Variance
the proportion of the total phenotypic variance of a trait attributable to the additive
effects of alleles (the additive genetic variance); this is the component of variance that
causes offspring to resemble their parents, and it causes populations to evolve
predictably in response to selection - Correct Answers -Narrow sense heritability (h^2)
a measure of the strength of phenotypic selection; describes the difference between the
mean of the reproducing members of the population who contribute offspring to the next
generation and the mean of all members of a population - Correct Answers -selection
differential
selection is frequency dependent and positive - Correct Answers -rapid coevolution of
species in mutualistic relationships can result when
intimate pairwise interactions with one or more species and the agents of selection that
are relevant to the populations must evolve - Correct Answers -what conditions is/are
necessary for the development of both antagonistic and mutualistic coevolutionary
relationships?
rough skinned newts with toxins that only garter snakes can tolerate - Correct Answers -
which of the following is not an example of diversifying coevolution?
she compared phylogenies of the endosymbionts and their insect hosts and found the
patterns of lineages were closely matched - Correct Answers -what evidence did nancy
moran use to support her hypothesis about the evolution of the endosymbionts inside
the glassy-winged sharpshooter?
Stretches of DNA that are correlated with variation in a phenotypic trait. These regions
contain genes, or are linked to genes, that contribute to population differences in a
phenotype. - Correct Answers -Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL)
, the pattern of phenotypic expression of a single genotype across a range of
environments. in a sense, reaction norms depict how development maps the genotype
into the phenotype as a function of the environment - Correct Answers -reaction norm
because phenotypic traits are often polygenic - Correct Answers -why does the variation
of phenotypic traits often have a continuous distribution?
the numerator of narrow sense heritability includes only the additive effects of alleles -
Correct Answers -which of the statements about narrow sense heritability (h^2) is true?
differences in phenotypes that influence the probability of survival or reproduction (s)
and differences in phenotypic traits that must be at least partially heritable (h^2) -
Correct Answers -the breeder's equation incorporates two of the conditions darwin
identified that must be met for evolution by natural selection to take place. which 2?
environmental conditions (like nutrition) affect the age at which individuals begin
reproducing - Correct Answers -if the age of sexual maturation is a phenotypically
plastic trait, what relationship would you expect to find?
both a and b, a decrease in the heritability of a trait, and a change in the interaction
between genes and the environment - Correct Answers -which of the following can be a
result of evolution?
a population of snowshoe hares having a different frequency of alleles than the previous
generation. - Correct Answers -which of the following is an example of the process of
evolution?
similar to natural selection, except that it results from human activity. when breeders
non randomly choose individuals with economically favorable traits to use as breeding
stock, they impose strong artificial selection on those traits - Correct Answers -artificial
selection
the transfer of alleles from one population to another. it occurs when organisms or their
gametes move from one location to another - Correct Answers -gene flow
an antipredator strategy used by a potential prey item to signal danger or a lack of
palatability. the most commonly known form of aposematism is warning coloration, in
which the bright coloration of prey that are potentially dangerous can act as a deterrent
to potential predators. - Correct Answers -Aposemantism
structures constructed by organisms that can influence their performance or success.
although they are not part of the organism itself, their properties reflect the genotype of
each individual. exs: nests constructed by birds and galls of flies - Correct Answers -
extended phenotypes
Accurate Answers
the study of continuous phenotypic traits and their underlying evolutionary mechanisms
- Correct Answers -quantitative genetics
a statistical measure of the dispersion of trait values about their mean - Correct
Answers -Variance
the proportion of the total phenotypic variance of a trait attributable to the additive
effects of alleles (the additive genetic variance); this is the component of variance that
causes offspring to resemble their parents, and it causes populations to evolve
predictably in response to selection - Correct Answers -Narrow sense heritability (h^2)
a measure of the strength of phenotypic selection; describes the difference between the
mean of the reproducing members of the population who contribute offspring to the next
generation and the mean of all members of a population - Correct Answers -selection
differential
selection is frequency dependent and positive - Correct Answers -rapid coevolution of
species in mutualistic relationships can result when
intimate pairwise interactions with one or more species and the agents of selection that
are relevant to the populations must evolve - Correct Answers -what conditions is/are
necessary for the development of both antagonistic and mutualistic coevolutionary
relationships?
rough skinned newts with toxins that only garter snakes can tolerate - Correct Answers -
which of the following is not an example of diversifying coevolution?
she compared phylogenies of the endosymbionts and their insect hosts and found the
patterns of lineages were closely matched - Correct Answers -what evidence did nancy
moran use to support her hypothesis about the evolution of the endosymbionts inside
the glassy-winged sharpshooter?
Stretches of DNA that are correlated with variation in a phenotypic trait. These regions
contain genes, or are linked to genes, that contribute to population differences in a
phenotype. - Correct Answers -Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL)
, the pattern of phenotypic expression of a single genotype across a range of
environments. in a sense, reaction norms depict how development maps the genotype
into the phenotype as a function of the environment - Correct Answers -reaction norm
because phenotypic traits are often polygenic - Correct Answers -why does the variation
of phenotypic traits often have a continuous distribution?
the numerator of narrow sense heritability includes only the additive effects of alleles -
Correct Answers -which of the statements about narrow sense heritability (h^2) is true?
differences in phenotypes that influence the probability of survival or reproduction (s)
and differences in phenotypic traits that must be at least partially heritable (h^2) -
Correct Answers -the breeder's equation incorporates two of the conditions darwin
identified that must be met for evolution by natural selection to take place. which 2?
environmental conditions (like nutrition) affect the age at which individuals begin
reproducing - Correct Answers -if the age of sexual maturation is a phenotypically
plastic trait, what relationship would you expect to find?
both a and b, a decrease in the heritability of a trait, and a change in the interaction
between genes and the environment - Correct Answers -which of the following can be a
result of evolution?
a population of snowshoe hares having a different frequency of alleles than the previous
generation. - Correct Answers -which of the following is an example of the process of
evolution?
similar to natural selection, except that it results from human activity. when breeders
non randomly choose individuals with economically favorable traits to use as breeding
stock, they impose strong artificial selection on those traits - Correct Answers -artificial
selection
the transfer of alleles from one population to another. it occurs when organisms or their
gametes move from one location to another - Correct Answers -gene flow
an antipredator strategy used by a potential prey item to signal danger or a lack of
palatability. the most commonly known form of aposematism is warning coloration, in
which the bright coloration of prey that are potentially dangerous can act as a deterrent
to potential predators. - Correct Answers -Aposemantism
structures constructed by organisms that can influence their performance or success.
although they are not part of the organism itself, their properties reflect the genotype of
each individual. exs: nests constructed by birds and galls of flies - Correct Answers -
extended phenotypes
