HESI PATHOPHYSIOLOGY PRACTICE QUESTIONS NEWEST 2025 COMPLETE 300 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+||BRAND NEW!!
• talking w/ the HCP, a male pt continues to have questions about the results of a prostatic
After
surface antigen (PSA) screening test and asks the nurse how the PSA levels become elevated.
The nurse should explain which pathophysiological mechanism? - (ANSWER)As the prostate
•
gland enlarges, its cells contribute more PSA in the circulating blood
PSA is a glycoprotein found in prostatic epithelial cells, and elevations are used as a specific
tumor markers. Elevations in PSA are r/t gland volume, ie. benign BPH, prostatitis, and cancer of )(*&^
%$#@!
the prostate, indicating tumor cell load. PSA levels are also used to monitor response to therapy
A 26 yr old male client w/ Hodgkin's disease is scheduled to undergo radiation therapy. The
clinet expresses concern about the effect of radiation on his ability to have children. What info
should the nurse provide? - (ANSWER)Permanent sterility occurs in the male client who receive
radiation
Low sperm count and loss of motility are seen in males w/ Hodgkin's disease b/f any therapy.
Radiotherapy often results in permanent aspermia, or sterility
The nurse hears short, high-pitched sounds just b/f the end of inspiration in the right and left
lower lobes when auscultating a client's lungs. How should this finding be recorded? -
(ANSWER)Crackles in the right and left lower lobes
Fine crackles - short, high-pitched sounds heard just b/f the end of inspiration that are the
result of rapid equalization of pressure when collaped alveoli or terminal bronchioles suddenly
snap open
Wheezing is a continuous high-pitched squeaking or musical sound caused by rapid vibration of
bronchial walls that are 1st evident on expiration and may be audible
A client is admitted to the ER w/ a tension pneumothorax. Which assessment should the nurse
expect to ID? - (ANSWER)A deviation of the trachea toward the side opposite of the
pneumothorax
Tension pneumothorax is caused by rapid accumulation of air in the pleural space, causing
severely high intrapleural pressure. This results in collapse of the lung, and the mediastinum
shifts toward the unaffected side, which is subsequently compressed
A client who is receiving a whole blood transfusion dv's chills, fever, and a HA 30 min after the
transfusion is started. The nurse shold recognize these sx as characteristic of what rxn? -
(ANSWER)A febrile transfusion reaction
Sx of a febrile reaction include sudden chills, fever, HA, flushing, and muscle pain.
An allergic rxn is the response of histamine release which is characterized by flushing, itching,
and urticaria. It exhibits an exaggerated allergic response that progresses to shock and possible
cardiac arrest
an acute hemolytic reaction presents w/ fever, chills, but is hallmarked by the onset of low back
pain, tachycardia, tachypnea, vascular collapse, hemoglobinuria, dark urine, ARF, shock, cardiac
, HESI PATHOPHYSIOLOGY PRACTICE QUESTIONS NEWEST 2025 COMPLETE 300 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+||BRAND NEW!!
• and even death
arrest,
The nurse is analyzing the waveforms of a client's ECG. What finding indicates a disturbance in
•
electrical conduction in the ventricles? - (ANSWER)QRS interval of 0.14 second
the normal duration of the QRS is 0.04 - 0.12 sec
)(*&^
%$#@!
T wave is 0.16 sec;
PR is 0.12 - 0.20 sec;
QT is 0.31-0.38 sec
Several hrs after surgical repair of an AAA, the client dvps left flank pain. the nurse determines
the client's urinary output is 20 m.;hr for the past 2 hrs. The nurse should conclude that these
findings support which complication? - (ANSWER)Renal artery embolization
Post-op complications of surgical repair of AAA are r/t the location of resection, graft, or stent
placement along the abd'l aorta. Embolization of a fragment of thrombus or plaque from the
aorta into a renal artery can compromise blood flow in 1 of the renal arteries, resulting in renal
ischemia that precipitates unilateral flank pain
A client w/ markedly distended bladder is dx w/ hydronephroosis and left hydroureter after an
IV pyelogram. The nurse catheterizes the client and obtains a residual urine vol of 1650 ml. this
finding supports which pathophysiological cause of the client's urinary tract obstruction? -
(ANSWER)Obstruction at the urinary bladder neck
Hydroureter (dilation of the renal pelvis), vesicoureteral reflux (backward mvmt of urine from
the lower to upper urinary tracts), and hydronephrosis (dilation or enlargement of the renal
pelvis and calyces) result from post-renal obstruction which can consequently result in chronic
pyelonephritis and renal atrophy. Ascending urinary reflux occurs when normal ureteral
peristaltic pressure is met w/ an increase in urinary pressure occurring during bladder filling if
the urinary bladder neck is obstructed
The nurse is planning care for a client who has a right hemispheric stroke. Which nsg dx should
the nurse include in the POC? - (ANSWER)Risk for injury r/t denial of deficits and impulsiveness
Right-brain damage - a client experience difficulty in judgment and spatial perception and is
more likely to be impulsive and move quickly, which placing the client at risk for falls
the nurse is teaching a client w/ maple syrup urine disease, an autosomal recessive DO about
the inheritance pattern. Which info should the nurse provide? - (ANSWER)both genes of a pair
must be abnormal for the DO to occur
A female client tells the nurse that she does not know which day of the month is best to do
breast self exams. Which instruction should the nurse provide? - (ANSWER)5-7 days after
menses cease
this is because the physiologic alterations in breast size and activity reach their minimal level
after menses
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+||BRAND NEW!!
• talking w/ the HCP, a male pt continues to have questions about the results of a prostatic
After
surface antigen (PSA) screening test and asks the nurse how the PSA levels become elevated.
The nurse should explain which pathophysiological mechanism? - (ANSWER)As the prostate
•
gland enlarges, its cells contribute more PSA in the circulating blood
PSA is a glycoprotein found in prostatic epithelial cells, and elevations are used as a specific
tumor markers. Elevations in PSA are r/t gland volume, ie. benign BPH, prostatitis, and cancer of )(*&^
%$#@!
the prostate, indicating tumor cell load. PSA levels are also used to monitor response to therapy
A 26 yr old male client w/ Hodgkin's disease is scheduled to undergo radiation therapy. The
clinet expresses concern about the effect of radiation on his ability to have children. What info
should the nurse provide? - (ANSWER)Permanent sterility occurs in the male client who receive
radiation
Low sperm count and loss of motility are seen in males w/ Hodgkin's disease b/f any therapy.
Radiotherapy often results in permanent aspermia, or sterility
The nurse hears short, high-pitched sounds just b/f the end of inspiration in the right and left
lower lobes when auscultating a client's lungs. How should this finding be recorded? -
(ANSWER)Crackles in the right and left lower lobes
Fine crackles - short, high-pitched sounds heard just b/f the end of inspiration that are the
result of rapid equalization of pressure when collaped alveoli or terminal bronchioles suddenly
snap open
Wheezing is a continuous high-pitched squeaking or musical sound caused by rapid vibration of
bronchial walls that are 1st evident on expiration and may be audible
A client is admitted to the ER w/ a tension pneumothorax. Which assessment should the nurse
expect to ID? - (ANSWER)A deviation of the trachea toward the side opposite of the
pneumothorax
Tension pneumothorax is caused by rapid accumulation of air in the pleural space, causing
severely high intrapleural pressure. This results in collapse of the lung, and the mediastinum
shifts toward the unaffected side, which is subsequently compressed
A client who is receiving a whole blood transfusion dv's chills, fever, and a HA 30 min after the
transfusion is started. The nurse shold recognize these sx as characteristic of what rxn? -
(ANSWER)A febrile transfusion reaction
Sx of a febrile reaction include sudden chills, fever, HA, flushing, and muscle pain.
An allergic rxn is the response of histamine release which is characterized by flushing, itching,
and urticaria. It exhibits an exaggerated allergic response that progresses to shock and possible
cardiac arrest
an acute hemolytic reaction presents w/ fever, chills, but is hallmarked by the onset of low back
pain, tachycardia, tachypnea, vascular collapse, hemoglobinuria, dark urine, ARF, shock, cardiac
, HESI PATHOPHYSIOLOGY PRACTICE QUESTIONS NEWEST 2025 COMPLETE 300 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+||BRAND NEW!!
• and even death
arrest,
The nurse is analyzing the waveforms of a client's ECG. What finding indicates a disturbance in
•
electrical conduction in the ventricles? - (ANSWER)QRS interval of 0.14 second
the normal duration of the QRS is 0.04 - 0.12 sec
)(*&^
%$#@!
T wave is 0.16 sec;
PR is 0.12 - 0.20 sec;
QT is 0.31-0.38 sec
Several hrs after surgical repair of an AAA, the client dvps left flank pain. the nurse determines
the client's urinary output is 20 m.;hr for the past 2 hrs. The nurse should conclude that these
findings support which complication? - (ANSWER)Renal artery embolization
Post-op complications of surgical repair of AAA are r/t the location of resection, graft, or stent
placement along the abd'l aorta. Embolization of a fragment of thrombus or plaque from the
aorta into a renal artery can compromise blood flow in 1 of the renal arteries, resulting in renal
ischemia that precipitates unilateral flank pain
A client w/ markedly distended bladder is dx w/ hydronephroosis and left hydroureter after an
IV pyelogram. The nurse catheterizes the client and obtains a residual urine vol of 1650 ml. this
finding supports which pathophysiological cause of the client's urinary tract obstruction? -
(ANSWER)Obstruction at the urinary bladder neck
Hydroureter (dilation of the renal pelvis), vesicoureteral reflux (backward mvmt of urine from
the lower to upper urinary tracts), and hydronephrosis (dilation or enlargement of the renal
pelvis and calyces) result from post-renal obstruction which can consequently result in chronic
pyelonephritis and renal atrophy. Ascending urinary reflux occurs when normal ureteral
peristaltic pressure is met w/ an increase in urinary pressure occurring during bladder filling if
the urinary bladder neck is obstructed
The nurse is planning care for a client who has a right hemispheric stroke. Which nsg dx should
the nurse include in the POC? - (ANSWER)Risk for injury r/t denial of deficits and impulsiveness
Right-brain damage - a client experience difficulty in judgment and spatial perception and is
more likely to be impulsive and move quickly, which placing the client at risk for falls
the nurse is teaching a client w/ maple syrup urine disease, an autosomal recessive DO about
the inheritance pattern. Which info should the nurse provide? - (ANSWER)both genes of a pair
must be abnormal for the DO to occur
A female client tells the nurse that she does not know which day of the month is best to do
breast self exams. Which instruction should the nurse provide? - (ANSWER)5-7 days after
menses cease
this is because the physiologic alterations in breast size and activity reach their minimal level
after menses
