Test Bank for A Concise Introduction to
-
Logic, 14th Edition by Patrick J. Hurley
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----------------------------
A+ TEST BANK
- -
,Chapter-1-Test-A
MULTIPLE-CHOICE
INSTRUCTIONS:-The-following-selections-relate-to-distinguishing-arguments-from-nonarguments-
and-identifying-conclusions.-Select-the-best-answer-for-each.
1. There-appears-to-be-a-growing-happiness-gap-between-men-and-women.-Women-today-are-working-
more-and-relaxing-less,-while-men-are-working-less-and-relaxing-more.-Forty-years-ago-a-typical-
woman-spent-40-minutes-more-per-week-than-the-typical-man-performing-an-activity-considered-
unpleasant.-Today,-with-men-working-less,-the-gap-is-90-minutes-and-growing.
a. Argument;-conclusion:-Today-...-the-gap-is-90-minutes-and-growing.
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument;-conclusion:-Forty-years-ago-...-an-activity-considered-unpleasant.
d. Argument;-conclusion:-There-appears-to-be-...-between-men-and-women.
e. Argument;-conclusion:-Women-today-are-working-more-and-relaxing-less.-
ANS:- D PTS:- 2
2. Lead-is-toxic,-but-do-you-know-why?-Lead-is-toxic-mainly-because-it-preferentially-replaces-other-
metals-in-biochemical-reactions.-In-so-doing-it-interferes-with-the-proteins-that-regulate-blood-pressure-
(which-can-cause-development-delays-in-children-and-high-blood-pressure-in-adults),-heme-production-
(which-can-lead-to-anemia),-and-sperm-production.-Lead-also-displaces-calcium-in-the-reactions-that-
transmit-electrical-impulses-in-the-brain,-which-diminishes-the-ability-to-think-and-recall-information.
Anne-Marie-Helmstine,-"Your-Guide-to-Chemistry"
a. Argument;-conclusion:-It-interferes-with-the-proteins-...-and-sperm-production.
b. Argument;-conclusion:-Lead-is-toxic.
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument;-conclusion:-It-preferentially-replaces-other-metals-in-biochemical-reactions.
e. Argument;-conclusion:-Lead-also-displaces-calcium-...-recall-information.-
ANS:- C PTS:- 2
3. Aristotle-focused-on-clarifying-the-concept-of-virtue-itself.-He-argued-that-it-was-virtuous-to-choose-the-
proper-amount-of-emotion-and/or-action-called-for-in-a-particular-situation-and-that-extremes-of-
emotion-and-action-were-vices.-In-all-communities-there-are-some-men-of-practical-wisdom-who-have-
the-capacity-to-judge-wisely.-Aristotle-argued-that-they-have-the-capacity-to-follow-the-"right-rule"-
whatever-the-situation.
David-Cooper,-Value-Pluralism-and-Ethical-Choice
a. Argument;-conclusion:-In-all-communities-...-capacity-to-judge-wisely.
b. Argument;-conclusion:-Aristotle-focused-on-clarifying-the-concept-of-virtue-itself.
c. Argument;-conclusion:-They-have-the-capacity-to-follow-...-the-situation.
d. Argument;-conclusion:-He-argued-that-it-was-virtuous-...-were-vices
e. Nonargument.
ANS:- E PTS:- - 2
4. Illegal-immigrants-pay-local-sales-taxes,-and-many-of-them-also-pay-state,-local,-and-federal-income-tax-
and-Social-Security-tax.-They-also-purchase-items-from-local-merchants,-increasing-the-amount-these-
merchants-pay-in-taxes.-In-addition,-they-work-for-low-salaries,-which-increases-the-earnings-of-their-
employers-and-the-amount-of-taxes-these-employers-pay.-Thus,-it-is-not-correct-to-say-that-illegal-
immigrants-contribute-nothing-to-the-communities-in-which-they-live.
a. Argument;-conclusion:-It-is-not-correct-to-say-...-communities-in-which-they-live.
1
, b. Argument;-conclusion:-They-work-for-low-salaries-...-these-employers-pay.
c. Argument;-conclusion:-Illegal-immigrants-pay-...-Social-Security-tax.
d. Argument;-conclusion:-They-also-purchase-items-...-pay-in-taxes.
e. Nonargument.
ANS:- A PTS:- - 2
5. Numerous-studies-have-indicated-that-women-of-color,-black-women-in-particular,-are-over-arrested,-
over-indicted,-and-over-sentenced.-African-American-women-are-seven-times-more-likely-to-be-
arrested-for-prostitution-than-women-of-other-ethnic-groups.-Black-women-have-received-significantly-
longer-sentences-for-crimes-against-property-and-served-longer-periods-in-prison.-For-both-murder-and-
drug-offenses,-Euroamerican-women-ended-up-serving-one-third-less-time-for-the-same-offenses-than-
black-women.
Nancy-Kurshan,-"Women-and-Imprisonment-in-the-U.S."
a. Argument;-conclusion:-African-American-women-...-other-ethnic-groups.
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument;-conclusion:-For-both-murder-and-drug-offenses-...-black-women.
d. Argument;-conclusion:-Numerous-studies-have-indicated-...-over-sentenced.
e. Argument;-conclusion:-Black-women-have-received-...-longer-periods-in-prison.-
ANS:- B PTS:- 2
6. It's-even-more-important-these-days-that-your-computer-be-protected-by-a-firewall.-There-are-criminal-
elements-lurking-in-the-shadows-of-cyberspace-who-send-out-probes-to-detect-unprotected-PCs.-Once-a-
vulnerable-computer-is-found,-these-criminals-install-software-that-assists-them-in-committing-identity-
theft-and-fencing-stolen-IDs.-They-also-defraud-online-advertisers-by-using-these-zombie-computers-to-
visit-pay-per-click-ads.
a. Argument;-conclusion:-There-are-criminal-elements-...-to-detect-unprotected-PCs.
b. Argument;-conclusion:-Once-a-vulnerable-computer-...-fencing-stolen-IDs.
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument;-conclusion:-They-also-defraud-...-to-visit-pay-per-click-ads.
e. Argument;-conclusion:-It's-even-more-important-...-protected-by-a-firewall.-
ANS:- E PTS:- 2
7. The-earth-is-of-interest-to-astronomy-for-many-reasons.-Nearly-all-observations-must-be-made-through-
the-atmosphere,-and-the-phenomena-of-the-upper-atmosphere-and-the-magnetosphere-reflect-the-state-of-
interplanetary-space.-The-earth-is-also-the-most-important-object-of-comparison-for-planetologists.
Hannu-Karttunen,-et-al.,-Fundamental-Astronomy
a. Argument;-conclusion:-The-phenomena-...-state-of-interplanetary-space.
b. Argument;-conclusion:-The-earth-is-also-...-for-planetologists.
c. Argument;-conclusion:-The-earth-is-of-interest-to-astronomy.
d. Nonargument.
e. Argument;-conclusion:-Nearly-all-observations-...-through-the-atmosphere.-
ANS:- C PTS:- 2
8. If-the-trade-in-tiger-products-is-banned,-tiger-reserves-are-guarded-by-well-equipped-staff,-communities-
abutting-tiger-habitat-are-given-a-stake-in-protecting-tigers,-and-the-makers-of-traditional-medicines-can-
be-persuaded-that-tiger-parts-are-not-needed,-then-tiger-poaching-will-be-halted,-habitat-and-life-
sustaining-prey-will-be-restored,-and-the-immanent-extinction-of-tigers-in-the-wild-will-be-averted.
a. Nonargument.
b. Argument;-conclusion:-The-trade-in-tiger-products-is-banned.
c. Argument;-conclusion:-Tiger-poaching-will-be-halted.
d. Argument;-conclusion:-The-makers-of-traditional-medicines-...-not-needed.
2
, e. Argument;-conclusion:-Tiger-poaching-will-be-halted-...-will-be-averted.-
ANS:- A PTS:- 2
9. Humans-are-biological-organisms.-To-understand-our-behavior-and-mental-processes,-we-need-to-
understand-their-biological-underpinnings,-starting-with-the-cellular-level,-the-neuron.-How-we-feel,-
learn,-remember,-and-think-all-stem-from-neuronal-activity.-So,-how-a-neuron-works-and-how-neurons-
communicate-are-crucial-pieces-of-information-in-solving-the-puzzle-of-human-behavior-and-mental-
processing.
Richard-Griggs,-Psychology:-A-Concise-Introduction
a. Argument;-conclusion:-To-understand-our-behavior-...-the-neuron.
b. Argument;-conclusion:-Humans-are-biological-organisms.
c. Argument;-conclusion:-How-we-feel-...-neuronal-activity.
d. Argument;-conclusion:-How-a-neuron-works-...-mental-processing.
e. Nonargument.
ANS:- D PTS:- - 2
10. Viruses-are-acellular-entities-too-small-to-be-seen-with-a-light-microscope.-They-are-composed-of-a-
nucleic-acid-and-a-few-proteins.-Viruses-replicate-themselves-and-display-other-properties-of-living-
organisms-only-when-they-have-invaded-living-cells.-Indeed,-some-viruses-can-be-crystallized-and-
stored-in-a-container-on-a-shelf-for-years,-but-they-retain-the-capacity-to-invade-cells-and-cause-disease.
Jacquelyn-C.-Black,-Microbiology:-Principles-and-Explorations
a. Argument;-conclusion:-They-are-composed-of-a-nucleic-acid-and-a-few-proteins.
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument;-conclusion:-Viruses-are-acellular-entities-...-microscope.
d. Argument;-conclusion:-Indeed,-some-viruses-can-be-crystallized-...-cause-disease.
e. Argument;-conclusion:-Viruses-replicate-themselves-...-invaded-living-cells.-
ANS:- B PTS:- 2
11. Harnessing-the-clean,-abundant-energy-of-the-sun-and-wind-is-critical-to-solving-the-global-warming-
problem.-Technological-advances-have-brought-the-cost-of-electricity-generated-by-the-wind-down-by-
82-percent-since-1981.-Solar-energy-technology-has-made-remarkable-progress-as-new-photovoltaic-
cells-have-been-developed-to-convert-even-greater-amounts-of-sunlight-directly-into-electricity.-Today-
the-costs-of-wind-and-solar-power-are-becoming-competitive-with-dirty-coal-fired-plants.
Sierra-Club,-"Global-Warming-Solutions"
a. Argument;-conclusion:-Today-the-costs-of-wind-...-dirty-coal-fired-plants.
b. Argument;-conclusion:-Technological-advances-...-by-82-percent-since-1981.
c. Argument;-conclusion:-Harnessing-the-clean-...-the-global-warming-problem.
d. Nonargument.
e. Argument;-conclusion:-Solar-energy-technology-...-directly-into-electricity.-
ANS:- D PTS:- 2
12. It-is-likely-that-innocent-prisoners-in-this-country-have-been-executed-for-crimes-they-did-not-commit.-
From-1973-until-2007,-124-death-row-inmates-have-been-exonerated.-In-many-of-these-cases-DNA-
evidence-played-a-crucial-role.-Yet,-in-that-same-time-frame,-more-than-1000-prisoners-were-executed.-
For-many-of-these-prisoners-no-DNA-evidence-was-available.-If-such-evidence-had-been-available,-how-
may-more-would-have-been-exonerated?
a. Argument;-conclusion:-In-many-of-these-cases-...-played-a-crucial-role.
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument;-conclusion:-From-1973-...-have-been-exonerated.
d. Argument;-conclusion:-For-many-of-these-prisoners-...-was-available.
e. Argument;-conclusion:-It-is-likely-that-innocent-prisoners-...-they-did-not-commit.
3
-
Logic, 14th Edition by Patrick J. Hurley
----------------------
----------------------------
A+ TEST BANK
- -
,Chapter-1-Test-A
MULTIPLE-CHOICE
INSTRUCTIONS:-The-following-selections-relate-to-distinguishing-arguments-from-nonarguments-
and-identifying-conclusions.-Select-the-best-answer-for-each.
1. There-appears-to-be-a-growing-happiness-gap-between-men-and-women.-Women-today-are-working-
more-and-relaxing-less,-while-men-are-working-less-and-relaxing-more.-Forty-years-ago-a-typical-
woman-spent-40-minutes-more-per-week-than-the-typical-man-performing-an-activity-considered-
unpleasant.-Today,-with-men-working-less,-the-gap-is-90-minutes-and-growing.
a. Argument;-conclusion:-Today-...-the-gap-is-90-minutes-and-growing.
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument;-conclusion:-Forty-years-ago-...-an-activity-considered-unpleasant.
d. Argument;-conclusion:-There-appears-to-be-...-between-men-and-women.
e. Argument;-conclusion:-Women-today-are-working-more-and-relaxing-less.-
ANS:- D PTS:- 2
2. Lead-is-toxic,-but-do-you-know-why?-Lead-is-toxic-mainly-because-it-preferentially-replaces-other-
metals-in-biochemical-reactions.-In-so-doing-it-interferes-with-the-proteins-that-regulate-blood-pressure-
(which-can-cause-development-delays-in-children-and-high-blood-pressure-in-adults),-heme-production-
(which-can-lead-to-anemia),-and-sperm-production.-Lead-also-displaces-calcium-in-the-reactions-that-
transmit-electrical-impulses-in-the-brain,-which-diminishes-the-ability-to-think-and-recall-information.
Anne-Marie-Helmstine,-"Your-Guide-to-Chemistry"
a. Argument;-conclusion:-It-interferes-with-the-proteins-...-and-sperm-production.
b. Argument;-conclusion:-Lead-is-toxic.
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument;-conclusion:-It-preferentially-replaces-other-metals-in-biochemical-reactions.
e. Argument;-conclusion:-Lead-also-displaces-calcium-...-recall-information.-
ANS:- C PTS:- 2
3. Aristotle-focused-on-clarifying-the-concept-of-virtue-itself.-He-argued-that-it-was-virtuous-to-choose-the-
proper-amount-of-emotion-and/or-action-called-for-in-a-particular-situation-and-that-extremes-of-
emotion-and-action-were-vices.-In-all-communities-there-are-some-men-of-practical-wisdom-who-have-
the-capacity-to-judge-wisely.-Aristotle-argued-that-they-have-the-capacity-to-follow-the-"right-rule"-
whatever-the-situation.
David-Cooper,-Value-Pluralism-and-Ethical-Choice
a. Argument;-conclusion:-In-all-communities-...-capacity-to-judge-wisely.
b. Argument;-conclusion:-Aristotle-focused-on-clarifying-the-concept-of-virtue-itself.
c. Argument;-conclusion:-They-have-the-capacity-to-follow-...-the-situation.
d. Argument;-conclusion:-He-argued-that-it-was-virtuous-...-were-vices
e. Nonargument.
ANS:- E PTS:- - 2
4. Illegal-immigrants-pay-local-sales-taxes,-and-many-of-them-also-pay-state,-local,-and-federal-income-tax-
and-Social-Security-tax.-They-also-purchase-items-from-local-merchants,-increasing-the-amount-these-
merchants-pay-in-taxes.-In-addition,-they-work-for-low-salaries,-which-increases-the-earnings-of-their-
employers-and-the-amount-of-taxes-these-employers-pay.-Thus,-it-is-not-correct-to-say-that-illegal-
immigrants-contribute-nothing-to-the-communities-in-which-they-live.
a. Argument;-conclusion:-It-is-not-correct-to-say-...-communities-in-which-they-live.
1
, b. Argument;-conclusion:-They-work-for-low-salaries-...-these-employers-pay.
c. Argument;-conclusion:-Illegal-immigrants-pay-...-Social-Security-tax.
d. Argument;-conclusion:-They-also-purchase-items-...-pay-in-taxes.
e. Nonargument.
ANS:- A PTS:- - 2
5. Numerous-studies-have-indicated-that-women-of-color,-black-women-in-particular,-are-over-arrested,-
over-indicted,-and-over-sentenced.-African-American-women-are-seven-times-more-likely-to-be-
arrested-for-prostitution-than-women-of-other-ethnic-groups.-Black-women-have-received-significantly-
longer-sentences-for-crimes-against-property-and-served-longer-periods-in-prison.-For-both-murder-and-
drug-offenses,-Euroamerican-women-ended-up-serving-one-third-less-time-for-the-same-offenses-than-
black-women.
Nancy-Kurshan,-"Women-and-Imprisonment-in-the-U.S."
a. Argument;-conclusion:-African-American-women-...-other-ethnic-groups.
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument;-conclusion:-For-both-murder-and-drug-offenses-...-black-women.
d. Argument;-conclusion:-Numerous-studies-have-indicated-...-over-sentenced.
e. Argument;-conclusion:-Black-women-have-received-...-longer-periods-in-prison.-
ANS:- B PTS:- 2
6. It's-even-more-important-these-days-that-your-computer-be-protected-by-a-firewall.-There-are-criminal-
elements-lurking-in-the-shadows-of-cyberspace-who-send-out-probes-to-detect-unprotected-PCs.-Once-a-
vulnerable-computer-is-found,-these-criminals-install-software-that-assists-them-in-committing-identity-
theft-and-fencing-stolen-IDs.-They-also-defraud-online-advertisers-by-using-these-zombie-computers-to-
visit-pay-per-click-ads.
a. Argument;-conclusion:-There-are-criminal-elements-...-to-detect-unprotected-PCs.
b. Argument;-conclusion:-Once-a-vulnerable-computer-...-fencing-stolen-IDs.
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument;-conclusion:-They-also-defraud-...-to-visit-pay-per-click-ads.
e. Argument;-conclusion:-It's-even-more-important-...-protected-by-a-firewall.-
ANS:- E PTS:- 2
7. The-earth-is-of-interest-to-astronomy-for-many-reasons.-Nearly-all-observations-must-be-made-through-
the-atmosphere,-and-the-phenomena-of-the-upper-atmosphere-and-the-magnetosphere-reflect-the-state-of-
interplanetary-space.-The-earth-is-also-the-most-important-object-of-comparison-for-planetologists.
Hannu-Karttunen,-et-al.,-Fundamental-Astronomy
a. Argument;-conclusion:-The-phenomena-...-state-of-interplanetary-space.
b. Argument;-conclusion:-The-earth-is-also-...-for-planetologists.
c. Argument;-conclusion:-The-earth-is-of-interest-to-astronomy.
d. Nonargument.
e. Argument;-conclusion:-Nearly-all-observations-...-through-the-atmosphere.-
ANS:- C PTS:- 2
8. If-the-trade-in-tiger-products-is-banned,-tiger-reserves-are-guarded-by-well-equipped-staff,-communities-
abutting-tiger-habitat-are-given-a-stake-in-protecting-tigers,-and-the-makers-of-traditional-medicines-can-
be-persuaded-that-tiger-parts-are-not-needed,-then-tiger-poaching-will-be-halted,-habitat-and-life-
sustaining-prey-will-be-restored,-and-the-immanent-extinction-of-tigers-in-the-wild-will-be-averted.
a. Nonargument.
b. Argument;-conclusion:-The-trade-in-tiger-products-is-banned.
c. Argument;-conclusion:-Tiger-poaching-will-be-halted.
d. Argument;-conclusion:-The-makers-of-traditional-medicines-...-not-needed.
2
, e. Argument;-conclusion:-Tiger-poaching-will-be-halted-...-will-be-averted.-
ANS:- A PTS:- 2
9. Humans-are-biological-organisms.-To-understand-our-behavior-and-mental-processes,-we-need-to-
understand-their-biological-underpinnings,-starting-with-the-cellular-level,-the-neuron.-How-we-feel,-
learn,-remember,-and-think-all-stem-from-neuronal-activity.-So,-how-a-neuron-works-and-how-neurons-
communicate-are-crucial-pieces-of-information-in-solving-the-puzzle-of-human-behavior-and-mental-
processing.
Richard-Griggs,-Psychology:-A-Concise-Introduction
a. Argument;-conclusion:-To-understand-our-behavior-...-the-neuron.
b. Argument;-conclusion:-Humans-are-biological-organisms.
c. Argument;-conclusion:-How-we-feel-...-neuronal-activity.
d. Argument;-conclusion:-How-a-neuron-works-...-mental-processing.
e. Nonargument.
ANS:- D PTS:- - 2
10. Viruses-are-acellular-entities-too-small-to-be-seen-with-a-light-microscope.-They-are-composed-of-a-
nucleic-acid-and-a-few-proteins.-Viruses-replicate-themselves-and-display-other-properties-of-living-
organisms-only-when-they-have-invaded-living-cells.-Indeed,-some-viruses-can-be-crystallized-and-
stored-in-a-container-on-a-shelf-for-years,-but-they-retain-the-capacity-to-invade-cells-and-cause-disease.
Jacquelyn-C.-Black,-Microbiology:-Principles-and-Explorations
a. Argument;-conclusion:-They-are-composed-of-a-nucleic-acid-and-a-few-proteins.
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument;-conclusion:-Viruses-are-acellular-entities-...-microscope.
d. Argument;-conclusion:-Indeed,-some-viruses-can-be-crystallized-...-cause-disease.
e. Argument;-conclusion:-Viruses-replicate-themselves-...-invaded-living-cells.-
ANS:- B PTS:- 2
11. Harnessing-the-clean,-abundant-energy-of-the-sun-and-wind-is-critical-to-solving-the-global-warming-
problem.-Technological-advances-have-brought-the-cost-of-electricity-generated-by-the-wind-down-by-
82-percent-since-1981.-Solar-energy-technology-has-made-remarkable-progress-as-new-photovoltaic-
cells-have-been-developed-to-convert-even-greater-amounts-of-sunlight-directly-into-electricity.-Today-
the-costs-of-wind-and-solar-power-are-becoming-competitive-with-dirty-coal-fired-plants.
Sierra-Club,-"Global-Warming-Solutions"
a. Argument;-conclusion:-Today-the-costs-of-wind-...-dirty-coal-fired-plants.
b. Argument;-conclusion:-Technological-advances-...-by-82-percent-since-1981.
c. Argument;-conclusion:-Harnessing-the-clean-...-the-global-warming-problem.
d. Nonargument.
e. Argument;-conclusion:-Solar-energy-technology-...-directly-into-electricity.-
ANS:- D PTS:- 2
12. It-is-likely-that-innocent-prisoners-in-this-country-have-been-executed-for-crimes-they-did-not-commit.-
From-1973-until-2007,-124-death-row-inmates-have-been-exonerated.-In-many-of-these-cases-DNA-
evidence-played-a-crucial-role.-Yet,-in-that-same-time-frame,-more-than-1000-prisoners-were-executed.-
For-many-of-these-prisoners-no-DNA-evidence-was-available.-If-such-evidence-had-been-available,-how-
may-more-would-have-been-exonerated?
a. Argument;-conclusion:-In-many-of-these-cases-...-played-a-crucial-role.
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument;-conclusion:-From-1973-...-have-been-exonerated.
d. Argument;-conclusion:-For-many-of-these-prisoners-...-was-available.
e. Argument;-conclusion:-It-is-likely-that-innocent-prisoners-...-they-did-not-commit.
3
