TESTkBANKkFORkUNDERSTANDINGkPATHOPHYSIOLOGYk7THkEDITIONkBYkHUETHER
TEST BANK FOR UNDERSTANDING PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 7TH E
k k k k k k
DITION BY HUETHER
k k
, TESTkBANKkFORkUNDERSTANDINGkPATHOPHYSIOLOGYk7THkEDITIONkBYkHUETHER
TEST BANK FOR UNDERSTANDING PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 7TH E
k k k k k k
DITION BY HUETHER k k
Chapter k02:kGeneskandkGenetic kDiseases
Huether:kUnderstanding kPathophysiology,k7thkEdition
MULTIPLEkCHOICE
1. Ak nursek recallsk thek basick componentsk of k DNA k are:
a. pentosek sugarsk and k fourk phosphatek bases.
b. ak phosphatek molecule,k deoxyribose,k and k fourk nitrogenousk bases.
c. adenine,k guanine,k and k purine.
d. codons,k oxygen,k and k cytosine.
ANS:k B
Thek threek basick componentsk of k DNA karekdeoxyribose;k ak phosphatekmolecule;k and k fourk typeskof
k nitrogenous,k not k phosphate,k bases.k DNA k doesk not k containk condone.
2. Whichk of k thek followingk mutationsk havek thek most k significant k effect k onk proteink synthesis?k a.
Basek pairk substitutions
b. Silent k mutations
c. Intronk mutations
d. Frameshift k mutations
ANS:k D
Thek frameshift k mutationk involvesk thek insertionk ork deletionk of k onek ork morek basek pairsk of k thek D
NA k molecule.k Thisk greatlykaltersk thek aminok acid k sequence,k whichk affectsk proteinksynthesis.k Th
ek basek pairk substitutionk isk ak typek of k mutationk ink whichk onek basek pairk replacesk another.
Silent k mutationsk dok notkchangek aminok acidskork proteink synthesis.k Intronk mutationsk arek part k of k
RNA
sequencing. N
3. Thek basek componentsk of k DNA k are:
a. A,k G,k C,k and k U.
b. P,k G,k C,k and k T.
c. A,k G,k C,k and k T.
d. X,k XX,k XY,k and k YY.
ANS:k C
Thek fourk basek componentsk ofk DNAk arek cytosine,kthymine,k adenine,k andk guanine,k and k arek com
monlykrepresented kbyktheirkfirst k lettersk (A,k C,k T,kandkG)k andk notk componentsk identified kask Pk ork
U.k X,k XX,k XY,k and k YYk arek componentsk of k humank chromosomes.
,TESTkBANKkFORkUNDERSTANDINGkPATHOPHYSIOLOGYk7THkEDITIONkBYkHUETHER
4. Ak DNA kstrand khaskakregionk withktheksequencek ATCGGAT.k Whichk ofkthekfollowingk wouldkbek ak c
omplementaryk strand?
a. CGATACGT
b. TAGCCTAG
c. TUGCCTUG
d. UAGCCUAG
ANS:k B
Thek consistent k pairingk of k adeninek withkthyminek andkofk guaninekwithkcytosinekisk knownk ask com
plementaryk basek pairing;k thus,k A k complementsk tok Tk and k CktokG kandkvicek versak throughout kthek
strand.k Ak complementsk tok T;k thus,kthekfirst kletterk must kbek akT.k U kdoesk notk represent k ak complem
ent k ink thek sequence.
5. Ak biologist k isk explainingk how k RNAkdirectsk theksynthesisk ofkprotein.kWhichk processk isk thekb
iologist k describing?
a. Termination
b. Transcription
c. Translocation
d. Translation
ANS:k D
Ink translation,k RNA k directsk thek synthesisk of k ak polypeptide,k interactingk withk transferk RNA k (tR
NA),k ak cloverleaf-
shaped k strand k ofkabout k80knucleotides.k Terminationk doesk not k involvek synthesisk of k protein.k Tra
nscriptionk isk thek processk byk whichk DNA kspecifiesk ak sequencek of kmessengerk RNA k(mRNA).k Tr
anslocationk isk thek interchangek of k genetick materialk betweenk nonhomologousk chromosomes.
, TESTkBANKkFORkUNDERSTANDINGkPATHOPHYSIOLOGYk7THkEDITIONkBYkHUETHER
6. What k isk thek result k of k homologousk chromosomesk failingk tok separatek duringk meiosis?k a.
Neurofibromatosis
b. Nondisjunction
c. Polyploidy
d. Conjoined k twins
ANS:k B
Nondisjunctionk isk ank errork inkwhichk homologousk chromosomesk ork sisterk chromatidsk failktok sep
aratek normallyk duringk meiosNisk ork mitosis.k Neurofibromatosisk isk not kduektok chromosomek fail
urek duringk meiosis.k Polyploidyk occursk whenk ak euploid k cellk hask morekthankthekdiploidk numberko
f kchromosomes.k Conjoined ktwinsk areknot kduektokchromosomekfailurekduringkmeiosis.
7. Ak cellk that k doesk not k containk ak multiplek of k 23k chromosomesk isk called k ak cell.k a.
diploid
b. euploid
c. polyploid
d. haploid
ANS:k C
A k polyploid k cellk isk onek ink whichk ak euploid k cellk hask morek thank 23kpairsk of kchromosomes.k Ak dipl
oid k cellk isk whenk theksomatick cellk nucleusk hask 46kchromosomesk ink 23k pairs.k Ak euploid k cellk isk ak c
ellk withk multiplesk of k thek normalk numberk of k chromosomes.k Ak haploid k cellk hask onlyk onekmembe
rk of k eachk chromosomek pair,k fork ak totalk of k 23k chromosomes.
TEST BANK FOR UNDERSTANDING PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 7TH E
k k k k k k
DITION BY HUETHER
k k
, TESTkBANKkFORkUNDERSTANDINGkPATHOPHYSIOLOGYk7THkEDITIONkBYkHUETHER
TEST BANK FOR UNDERSTANDING PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 7TH E
k k k k k k
DITION BY HUETHER k k
Chapter k02:kGeneskandkGenetic kDiseases
Huether:kUnderstanding kPathophysiology,k7thkEdition
MULTIPLEkCHOICE
1. Ak nursek recallsk thek basick componentsk of k DNA k are:
a. pentosek sugarsk and k fourk phosphatek bases.
b. ak phosphatek molecule,k deoxyribose,k and k fourk nitrogenousk bases.
c. adenine,k guanine,k and k purine.
d. codons,k oxygen,k and k cytosine.
ANS:k B
Thek threek basick componentsk of k DNA karekdeoxyribose;k ak phosphatekmolecule;k and k fourk typeskof
k nitrogenous,k not k phosphate,k bases.k DNA k doesk not k containk condone.
2. Whichk of k thek followingk mutationsk havek thek most k significant k effect k onk proteink synthesis?k a.
Basek pairk substitutions
b. Silent k mutations
c. Intronk mutations
d. Frameshift k mutations
ANS:k D
Thek frameshift k mutationk involvesk thek insertionk ork deletionk of k onek ork morek basek pairsk of k thek D
NA k molecule.k Thisk greatlykaltersk thek aminok acid k sequence,k whichk affectsk proteinksynthesis.k Th
ek basek pairk substitutionk isk ak typek of k mutationk ink whichk onek basek pairk replacesk another.
Silent k mutationsk dok notkchangek aminok acidskork proteink synthesis.k Intronk mutationsk arek part k of k
RNA
sequencing. N
3. Thek basek componentsk of k DNA k are:
a. A,k G,k C,k and k U.
b. P,k G,k C,k and k T.
c. A,k G,k C,k and k T.
d. X,k XX,k XY,k and k YY.
ANS:k C
Thek fourk basek componentsk ofk DNAk arek cytosine,kthymine,k adenine,k andk guanine,k and k arek com
monlykrepresented kbyktheirkfirst k lettersk (A,k C,k T,kandkG)k andk notk componentsk identified kask Pk ork
U.k X,k XX,k XY,k and k YYk arek componentsk of k humank chromosomes.
,TESTkBANKkFORkUNDERSTANDINGkPATHOPHYSIOLOGYk7THkEDITIONkBYkHUETHER
4. Ak DNA kstrand khaskakregionk withktheksequencek ATCGGAT.k Whichk ofkthekfollowingk wouldkbek ak c
omplementaryk strand?
a. CGATACGT
b. TAGCCTAG
c. TUGCCTUG
d. UAGCCUAG
ANS:k B
Thek consistent k pairingk of k adeninek withkthyminek andkofk guaninekwithkcytosinekisk knownk ask com
plementaryk basek pairing;k thus,k A k complementsk tok Tk and k CktokG kandkvicek versak throughout kthek
strand.k Ak complementsk tok T;k thus,kthekfirst kletterk must kbek akT.k U kdoesk notk represent k ak complem
ent k ink thek sequence.
5. Ak biologist k isk explainingk how k RNAkdirectsk theksynthesisk ofkprotein.kWhichk processk isk thekb
iologist k describing?
a. Termination
b. Transcription
c. Translocation
d. Translation
ANS:k D
Ink translation,k RNA k directsk thek synthesisk of k ak polypeptide,k interactingk withk transferk RNA k (tR
NA),k ak cloverleaf-
shaped k strand k ofkabout k80knucleotides.k Terminationk doesk not k involvek synthesisk of k protein.k Tra
nscriptionk isk thek processk byk whichk DNA kspecifiesk ak sequencek of kmessengerk RNA k(mRNA).k Tr
anslocationk isk thek interchangek of k genetick materialk betweenk nonhomologousk chromosomes.
, TESTkBANKkFORkUNDERSTANDINGkPATHOPHYSIOLOGYk7THkEDITIONkBYkHUETHER
6. What k isk thek result k of k homologousk chromosomesk failingk tok separatek duringk meiosis?k a.
Neurofibromatosis
b. Nondisjunction
c. Polyploidy
d. Conjoined k twins
ANS:k B
Nondisjunctionk isk ank errork inkwhichk homologousk chromosomesk ork sisterk chromatidsk failktok sep
aratek normallyk duringk meiosNisk ork mitosis.k Neurofibromatosisk isk not kduektok chromosomek fail
urek duringk meiosis.k Polyploidyk occursk whenk ak euploid k cellk hask morekthankthekdiploidk numberko
f kchromosomes.k Conjoined ktwinsk areknot kduektokchromosomekfailurekduringkmeiosis.
7. Ak cellk that k doesk not k containk ak multiplek of k 23k chromosomesk isk called k ak cell.k a.
diploid
b. euploid
c. polyploid
d. haploid
ANS:k C
A k polyploid k cellk isk onek ink whichk ak euploid k cellk hask morek thank 23kpairsk of kchromosomes.k Ak dipl
oid k cellk isk whenk theksomatick cellk nucleusk hask 46kchromosomesk ink 23k pairs.k Ak euploid k cellk isk ak c
ellk withk multiplesk of k thek normalk numberk of k chromosomes.k Ak haploid k cellk hask onlyk onekmembe
rk of k eachk chromosomek pair,k fork ak totalk of k 23k chromosomes.
