TEST BANK A Concise Introduction to Logic 14th Edition by Hurley Chapter 1 to 14 ||LATTEST VERIFIED VERSION 2025

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TEST BANK
A Concise Introduction to Logic
14th Edition by Hurley Chapter 1 to 14




TEST BANK

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
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PartUI:UINFORMALULOGIC.

1. Basic Concepts.
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Arguments,UPremises,UandUConclusions.UExercise.URecognizingUArguments.UExercise.UDeductionUandUInduction.UExercise.UValidity,UTruth,USoundn
UStrength,UCogency.UExercise.UArgumentUForms:UProvingUInvalidity.UExercise.UExtendedUArguments.UExercise.



2.ULanguage:UMeaningUandUDefinition.
VarietiesUofUMeaning.UExercise.UTheUIntensionUandUExtensionUofUTerms.UExercise.UDefinitionsUandUTheirUPurposes.UExercise.UDefinitionalUTechniq
.UExercise.UCriteriaUforULexicalUDefinitions.UExercise.

3.UInformalUFallacies.
FallaciesUinUGeneral.UExercise.UFallaciesUofURelevance.UExercise.UFallaciesUofUWeakUInduction.UExercise.UFallaciesUofUPresumption,UAmbiguity,U
dUIllicitUTransference.UExercise.UFallaciesUinUOrdinaryULanguage.UExercise.

PartUII:UFORMALULOGIC.

4.UCategoricalUPropositions.
TheUComponentsUofUCategoricalUPropositions.UExercise.UQuality,UQuantity,UandUDistribution.UExercise.UVennUDiagramsUandUtheUModernUSquar
fUOpposition.UExercise.UConversion,UObversion,UandUContraposition.UExercise.UTheUTraditionalUSquareUofUOpposition.UExercise.UVennUDiagram
ndUtheUTraditionalUStandpoint.UExercise.UTranslatingUOrdinaryULanguageUStatementsUintoUCategoricalUForm.UExercise.

5.UCategoricalUSyllogisms.
StandardUForm,UMood,UandUFigure.UExercise.UVennUDiagrams.UExercise.URulesUandUFallacies.UExercise.UReducingUtheUNumberUofUTerms.UExercis
OrdinaryULanguageUArguments.UExercise.UEnthymemes.UExercise.USorites.UExercise.

6. Propositional Logic.
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SymbolsUandUTranslation.UExercise.UTruthUFunctions.UExercise.UTruthUTablesUforUPropositions.UExercise.UTruthUTablesUforUArguments.UExercise.UInd
tUTruthUTables.UExercise.UArgumentUFormsUandUFallacies.UExercise.

7.UNaturalUDeductionUinUPropositionalULogic.
RulesUofUImplicationUI.UExercise.URulesUofUImplicationUII.UExercise.URulesUofUReplacementUI.UExercise.URulesUofUReplacementUII.UExercise.UCondition
Proof.UExercise.UIndirectUProof.UExercise.UProvingULogicalUTruths.UExercise.

8.UPredicateULogic.
SymbolsUandUTranslation.UExercise.UUsingUtheURulesUofUInference.UExercise.UQuantifierUNegationURule.UExercise.UConditionalUandUIndirectUProo
xercise.UProvingUInvalidity.UExercise.URelationalUPredicatesUandUOverlappingUQuantifiers.UExercise.UIdentity.UExercise.

PartUIII:UINDUCTIVEULOGIC.

9.UAnalogyUandULegalUandUMoralUReasoning.
AnalogicalUReasoning.ULegalUReasoning.UMoralUReasoning.UExercise.

10.UCausalityUandUMill'sUMethods.

,"Cause"UandUNecessaryUandUSufficientUConditions.UMill'sUFiveUMethods.UMill'sUMethodsUandUScience.UExercise.

11. Probability.
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TheoriesUofUProbability.UTheUProbabilityUCalculus.UExercise.

12.UStatisticalUReasoning.
EvaluatingUStatistics.USamples.UTheUMeaningUofU"Average."UDispersion.UGraphsUandUPictograms.UPercentages.UExercise.

13.UHypothetical/ScientificUReasoning.
TheUHypotheticalUMethod.UHypotheticalUReasoning:UFourUExamplesUfromUScience.UTheUProofUofUHypotheses.UTheUTentativeUAcceptanceUofUHyp
heses.UExercise.

14. Science and Superstition.
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DistinguishingUBetweenUScienceUandUSuperstition.UEvidentiaryUSupport.UObjectivity.UIntegrity.UAbusingUScience.UExercise.

AnswersUtoUSelectedUExercises.

, ChapterU1UTestUA


MULTIPLEUCHOICE

INSTRUCTIONS:UTheUfollowingUselectionsUrelateUtoUdistinguishingUargumentsUfromUnonarguments
andUidentifyingUconclusions.USelectUtheUbestUanswerUforUeach.

1.U ThereUappearsUtoUbeUaUgrowingUhappinessUgapUbetweenUmenUandUwomen.UWomenUtodayUareUworking
moreUandUrelaxingUless,UwhileUmenUareUworkingUlessUandUrelaxingUmore.UFortyUyearsUagoUaUtypical
womanUspentU40UminutesUmoreUperUweekUthanUtheUtypicalUmanUperformingUanUactivityUconsidered
unpleasant.UToday,UwithUmenUworkingUless,UtheUgapUisU90UminutesUandUgrowing.
a.U Argument;Uconclusion:UTodayU...UtheUgapUisU90UminutesUandUgrowing.
b.U Nonargument.
c.U Argument;Uconclusion:UFortyUyearsUagoU...UanUactivityUconsideredUunpleasant.
d.U Argument;Uconclusion:UThereUappearsUtoUbeU...UbetweenUmenUandUwomen.
e.U Argument;Uconclusion:UWomenUtodayUareUworkingUmoreUandUrelaxingUless.
ANS:U D PTS:U 2

2.U LeadUisUtoxic,UbutUdoUyouUknowUwhy?ULeadUisUtoxicUmainlyUbecauseUitUpreferentiallyUreplacesUother
metalsUinUbiochemicalUreactions.UInUsoUdoingUitUinterferesUwithUtheUproteinsUthatUregulateUbloodUpressure
(whichUcanUcauseUdevelopmentUdelaysUinUchildrenUandUhighUbloodUpressureUinUadults),UhemeUproduction
(whichUcanUleadUtoUanemia),UandUspermUproduction.ULeadUalsoUdisplacesUcalciumUinUtheUreactionsUthat
transmitUelectricalUimpulsesUinUtheUbrain,UwhichUdiminishesUtheUabilityUtoUthinkUandUrecallUinformation.
AnneUMarieUHelmstine,U"YourUGuideUtoUChemistry"
a.U Argument;Uconclusion:UItUinterferesUwithUtheUproteinsU...UandUspermUproduction.
b.U Argument;Uconclusion:ULeadUisUtoxic.
c.U Nonargument.
d.U Argument;Uconclusion:UItUpreferentiallyUreplacesUotherUmetalsUinUbiochemicalUreactions.
e.U Argument;Uconclusion:ULeadUalsoUdisplacesUcalciumU...UrecallUinformation.
ANS:U C PTS:U 2

3.U AristotleUfocusedUonUclarifyingUtheUconceptUofUvirtueUitself.UHeUarguedUthatUitUwasUvirtuousUtoUchooseUthe
properUamountUofUemotionUand/orUactionUcalledUforUinUaUparticularUsituationUandUthatUextremesUof
emotionUandUactionUwereUvices.UInUallUcommunitiesUthereUareUsomeUmenUofUpracticalUwisdomUwhoUhave
theUcapacityUtoUjudgeUwisely.UAristotleUarguedUthatUtheyUhaveUtheUcapacityUtoUfollowUtheU"rightUrule"
whateverUtheUsituation.
DavidUCooper,UValueUPluralismUandUEthicalUChoice
a.U Argument;Uconclusion:UInUallUcommunitiesU...UcapacityUtoUjudgeUwisely.
b.U Argument;Uconclusion:UAristotleUfocusedUonUclarifyingUtheUconceptUofUvirtueUitself.
c.U Argument;Uconclusion:UTheyUhaveUtheUcapacityUtoUfollowU...UtheUsituation.
d.U Argument;Uconclusion:UHeUarguedUthatUitUwasUvirtuousU...UwereUvices
e.U Nonargument.
ANS:U E PTS:U 2

4.U IllegalUimmigrantsUpayUlocalUsalesUtaxes,UandUmanyUofUthemUalsoUpayUstate,Ulocal,UandUfederalUincomeUtax
andUSocialUSecurityUtax.UTheyUalsoUpurchaseUitemsUfromUlocalUmerchants,UincreasingUtheUamountUthese
merchantsUpayUinUtaxes.UInUaddition,UtheyUworkUforUlowUsalaries,UwhichUincreasesUtheUearningsUofUtheir
employersUandUtheUamountUofUtaxesUtheseUemployersUpay.UThus,UitUisUnotUcorrectUtoUsayUthatUillegal
immigrantsUcontributeUnothingUtoUtheUcommunitiesUinUwhichUtheyUlive.
a.U Argument;Uconclusion:UItUisUnotUcorrectUtoUsayU...UcommunitiesUinUwhichUtheyUlive.




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