1 By Joseph T. Dipiro
COMPLETE TEST BANK _
PHARMACOTHERAPY: A PATHOPHYSIOLOGIC APPROACH 11TH EDITION (ELEVENTH EDITION),
(2020)
BY JOSEPH T. DIPIRO, GARY C. YEE, L. MICHAEL POSEY, STUART T. HAINES,
THOMAS D. NOLIN & VICKI ELLINGROD
ALL CHAPTERS 1-161| 20 SECTIONS| LATEST VERSION WITH WELL DETAILED ANSWERS|
GRADE A+
,2 By Joseph T. Dipiro
SECTION 1: FOUNDATION ISSUES ________________________________________________ 9
CHAPTER 1: THE PATIENT CARE PROCESS _______________________________________________ 9
CHAPTER 2: HEALTH LITERACY AND MEDICATION USE ___________________________ 21
CHAPTER 3: CULTURAL COMPETENCY _________________________________________________ 29
CHAPTER 4: MEDICATION SAFETY PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES ____________________________ 37
CHAPTER 5: CLINICAL PHARMACOKINETICS AND PHARMACODYNAMICS ____________________ 47
CHAPTER 6: PHARMACOGENETICS ___________________________________________________ 55
CHAPTER 7: CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY ___________________________________________________ 62
SECTION 2: COMMON HEALTH PROBLEMS ________________________________________ 70
CHAPTER 8: FEVER ________________________________________________________________ 70
CHAPTER 9: PAIN AND HEADACHE ___________________________________________________ 79
CHAPTER 10: MINOR OPHTHALMIC DISORDERS _________________________________________ 89
CHAPTER 11: MINOR OTIC DISORDERS ________________________________________________ 99
CHAPTER 12: COUGH AND OTHER NONSPECIFIC RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS _________________ 108
CHAPTER 13: ALLERGIC RHINITIS ____________________________________________________ 118
CHAPTER 14: ORAL HEALTH AND SYSTEMIC CONDITIONS ________________________________ 122
CHAPTER 15: ORAL HYGIENE AND MINOR ORAL DISORDERS _____________________________ 133
CHAPTER 16: SKIN CARE AND MINOR DERMATOLOGIC CONDITIONS _______________________ 143
CHAPTER 17: TRAVEL HEALTH ______________________________________________________ 153
CHAPTER 18: CONTRACEPTION _____________________________________________________ 157
SECTION 3: SPECIAL POPULATIONS _____________________________________________ 162
CHAPTER 19: PEDIATRICS: GENERAL TOPICS IN PEDIATRIC PHARMACOTHERAPY _____________ 162
CHAPTER 20: PEDIATRICS; ORAL NUTRITION AND REHYDRATION OF INFANTS AND CHILDREN __ 173
CHAPTER 21: PEDIATRICS; NEONATAL CRITICAL CARE ___________________________________ 183
CHAPTER 22: GERIATRICS; THE AGING PROCESS IN HUMANS AND ITS EFFECTS ON PHYSIOLOGY 193
,3 By Joseph T. Dipiro
CHAPTER 23: PRESCRIBING IN THE OLDER ADULT ______________________________________ 201
CHAPTER 24: ASSESSING HEALTH AND DELIVERING HEALTHCARE TO OLDER ADULTS __________ 211
CHAPTER 25: CRITICAL CARE; GENERAL TOPICS IN CRITICAL CARE _________________________ 221
CHAPTER 26: CRITICAL CARE; PAIN, AGITATION, AND DELIRIUM __________________________ 230
CHAPTER 27: CRITICAL CARE; CONSIDERATIONS IN DRUG SELECTION, DOSING, MONITORING, AND
SAFETY ________________________________________________________________________ 239
CHAPTER 28: PALLIATIVE CARE _____________________________________________________ 249
SECTION 4: CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS ______________________________________ 258
CHAPTER 29: ASSESSMENT OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM ___________________________ 258
CHAPTER 30: HYPERTENSION ______________________________________________________ 260
CHAPTER 31: DYSLIPIDEMIA _______________________________________________________ 268
CHAPTER 32: STABLE ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE _______________________________________ 271
CHAPTER 33: ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROMES _________________________________________ 277
CHAPTER 34: PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL DISEASE _________________________________________ 286
CHAPTER 35: CHRONIC HEART FAILURE ______________________________________________ 292
CHAPTER 36: ACUTE DECOMPENSATED HEART FAILURE _________________________________ 298
CHAPTER 37: VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM __________________________________________ 305
CHAPTER 38: STROKE _____________________________________________________________ 309
CHAPTER 39: THE ARRHYTHMIAS ___________________________________________________ 317
CHAPTER 40: CARDIAC ARREST _____________________________________________________ 320
CHAPTER 41: SHOCK SYNDROMES___________________________________________________ 324
SECTION 5: RESPIRATORY DISORDERS __________________________________________ 343
CHAPTER 42: EVALUATION OF RESPIRATORY FUNCTION _________________________________ 343
CHAPTER 43: ASTHMA ____________________________________________________________ 348
CHAPTER 44: CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE _____________________________ 352
CHAPTER 45: PULMONARY ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION ___________________________________ 356
CHAPTER 46: CYSTIC FIBROSIS ______________________________________________________ 358
CHAPTER 47: DRUG-INDUCED PULMONARY DISEASES __________________________________ 361
,4 By Joseph T. Dipiro
SECTION 6: GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS _____________________________________ 365
CHAPTER 48: EVALUATION OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT ___________________________ 365
CHAPTER 49: GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE ___________________________________ 369
CHAPTER 50: PEPTIC ULCER DISEASE AND RELATED DISORDERS ___________________________ 373
CHAPTER 51: INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE________________________________________ 377
CHAPTER 52: NAUSEA AND VOMITING _______________________________________________ 381
CHAPTER 53: DIARRHEA, CONSTIPATION, AND IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME _______________ 386
CHAPTER 54: PORTAL HYPERTENSION AND CIRRHOSIS __________________________________ 392
CHAPTER 55: DRUG-INDUCED LIVER DISEASE __________________________________________ 396
CHAPTER 56: PANCREATITIS _______________________________________________________ 399
CHAPTER 57: VIRAL HEPATITIS______________________________________________________ 403
CHAPTER 58: CELIAC DISEASE ______________________________________________________ 407
SECTION 7: RENAL DISORDERS ________________________________________________ 411
CHAPTER 59: EVALUATION OF KIDNEY FUNCTION ______________________________________ 411
CHAPTER 60: ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY _________________________________________________ 416
CHAPTER 61: CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE ______________________________________________ 421
CHAPTER 62: HEMODIALYSIS AND PERITONEAL DIALYSIS ________________________________ 426
CHAPTER 63: DRUG-INDUCED KIDNEY DISEASE ________________________________________ 430
CHAPTER 64: GLOMERULAR DISEASES _______________________________________________ 434
CHAPTER 65: DRUG THERAPY INDIVIDUALIZATION FOR PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE
______________________________________________________________________________ 438
CHAPTER 66: DISORDERS OF SODIUM AND WATER HOMEOSTASIS ________________________ 442
CHAPTER 67: DISORDERS OF CALCIUM AND PHOSPHORUS HOMEOSTASIS __________________ 447
CHAPTER 68: DISORDERS OF POTASSIUM AND MAGNESIUM HOMEOSTASIS ________________ 452
CHAPTER 69: ACID–BASE DISORDERS ________________________________________________ 456
SECTION 8: NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS _________________________________________ 463
CHAPTER 70: EVALUATION OF NEUROLOGIC ILLNESS ___________________________________ 463
CHAPTER 71: ALZHEIMER DISEASE __________________________________________________ 467
,5 By Joseph T. Dipiro
CHAPTER 72: MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS __________________________________________________ 472
CHAPTER 73: EPILEPSY ____________________________________________________________ 476
CHAPTER 74: STATUS EPILEPTICUS __________________________________________________ 480
CHAPTER 75: ACUTE MANAGEMENT OF THE BRAIN INJURY PATIENT _______________________ 484
CHAPTER 76: PARKINSON DISEASE __________________________________________________ 488
CHAPTER 77: PAIN MANAGEMENT __________________________________________________ 492
CHAPTER 78: HEADACHE DISORDERS ________________________________________________ 496
SECTION 9: PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS ___________________________________________ 500
CHAPTER 79: EVALUATION OF PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS _________________________________ 500
CHAPTER 80: ATTENTION DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER ____________________________ 505
CHAPTER 81: EATING DISORDERS ___________________________________________________ 509
CHAPTER 82: SUBSTANCE-RELATED DISORDERS I: OVERVIEW AND DEPRESSANTS, STIMULANTS,
AND HALLUCINOGENS ____________________________________________________________ 513
CHAPTER 83: SUBSTANCE-RELATED DISORDERS II: ALCOHOL, NICOTINE, AND CAFFEINE _______ 518
CHAPTER 84: SCHIZOPHRENIA ______________________________________________________ 522
CHAPTER 85: MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER __________________________________________ 528
CHAPTER 86: BIPOLAR DISORDER ___________________________________________________ 532
CHAPTER 87: ANXIETY DISORDERS: GENERALIZED ANXIETY, PANIC, AND SOCIAL ANXIETY
DISORDERS _____________________________________________________________________ 536
CHAPTER 88: POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER AND OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER ___ 541
CHAPTER 89: SLEEP–WAKE DISORDERS_______________________________________________ 546
CHAPTER 90: INTELLECTUAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES: DOWN SYNDROME AND AUTISM
SPECTRUM DISORDER ____________________________________________________________ 551
SECTION 10: ENDOCRINOLOGIC DISORDERS______________________________________ 555
CHAPTER 91: DIABETES MELLITUS ___________________________________________________ 555
CHAPTER 92: THYROID DISORDERS __________________________________________________ 562
CHAPTER 93: ADRENAL GLAND DISORDERS ___________________________________________ 566
CHAPTER 94: PITUITARY GLAND DISORDERS __________________________________________ 569
SECTION 11: GYNECOLOGIC AND OBSETRIC DISORDERS ____________________________ 573
,6 By Joseph T. Dipiro
CHAPTER 95: PREGNANCY AND LACTATION: THERAPEUTIC CONSIDERATIONS _______________ 573
CHAPTER 96: MENSTRUATION-RELATED DISORDERS ____________________________________ 577
CHAPTER 97: ENDOMETRIOSIS _____________________________________________________ 582
CHAPTER 98: HORMONE THERAPY IN WOMEN ________________________________________ 587
SECTION 12: UROLOGICAL DISORDERS __________________________________________ 591
CHAPTER 99: ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION _______________________________________________ 591
CHAPTER 100: BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA ______________________________________ 596
CHAPTER 101: URINARY INCONTINENCE______________________________________________ 601
SECTION 13: IMMUNOLOGIC DISORDERS ________________________________________ 605
CHAPTER 102: FUNCTION AND EVALUATION OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM_____________________ 605
CHAPTER 103: SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS _____________________________________ 616
CHAPTER 104: DRUG ALLERGY ______________________________________________________ 620
CHAPTER 105: SOLID-ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION ______________________________________ 623
SECTION 14: RHEUMATOLOGIC DISORDERS ______________________________________ 628
CHAPTER 106: OSTEOARTHRITIS ____________________________________________________ 628
CHAPTER 107: RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS _____________________________________________ 632
CHAPTER 108: OSTEOPOROSIS _____________________________________________________ 636
CHAPTER 109: GOUT AND HYPERURICEMIA ___________________________________________ 641
SECTION 15: OPHTHALMIC DISORDERS__________________________________________ 642
CHAPTER 110: GLAUCOMA ________________________________________________________ 642
CHAPTER 111: AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION ________________________________ 652
CHAPTER 112: DRUG-INDUCED OPHTHALMIC DISORDERS _______________________________ 662
SECTION 16: DERMATOLOGIC DISORDERS _______________________________________ 671
CHAPTER 113: ACNE VULGARIS _____________________________________________________ 671
CHAPTER 114: PSORIASIS __________________________________________________________ 674
CHAPTER 115: ATOPIC DERMATITIS _________________________________________________ 676
CHAPTER 116: ALOPECIA __________________________________________________________ 687
,7 By Joseph T. Dipiro
CHAPTER 117: DERMATOLOGIC DRUG REACTIONS, CONTACT DERMATITIS, AND COMMON SKIN
CONDITIONS ____________________________________________________________________ 696
SECTION 17: HEMATOLOGIC DISORDERS ________________________________________ 706
CHAPTER 118: ANEMIAS __________________________________________________________ 706
CHAPTER 119: COAGULATION DISORDERS ____________________________________________ 719
CHAPTER 120: SICKLE CELL DISEASE _________________________________________________ 722
CHAPTER 121: DRUG-INDUCED HEMATOLOGIC DISORDERS ______________________________ 726
SECTION 18: INFECTIOUS DISEASES _____________________________________________ 730
CHAPTER 122: LABORATORY TESTS TO DIRECT ANTIMICROBIAL PHARMACOTHERAPY ________ 730
CHAPTER 123: ANTIMICROBIAL REGIMEN SELECTION ___________________________________ 736
CHAPTER 124: CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM INFECTIONS _________________________________ 747
CHAPTER 125: LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS ________________________________ 750
CHAPTER 126: UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS _________________________________ 759
CHAPTER 127: INFLUENZA _________________________________________________________ 763
CHAPTER 128: SKIN AND SOFT-TISSUE INFECTIONS _____________________________________ 767
CHAPTER 129: INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS _____________________________________________ 773
CHAPTER 130: TUBERCULOSIS ______________________________________________________ 778
CHAPTER 131: GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND ENTEROTOXIGENIC POISONINGS ________ 783
CHAPTER 132: INTRA-ABDOMINAL INFECTIONS ________________________________________ 787
CHAPTER 133: PARASITIC DISEASES _________________________________________________ 791
CHAPTER 134: URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS AND PROSTATITIS ___________________________ 799
CHAPTER 135: SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES _____________________________________ 804
CHAPTER 136: BONE AND JOINT INFECTIONS __________________________________________ 822
CHAPTER 137: SEPSIS AND SEPTIC SHOCK_____________________________________________ 825
CHAPTER 138: SUPERFICIAL FUNGAL INFECTIONS ______________________________________ 829
CHAPTER 139: INVASIVE FUNGAL INFECTIONS _________________________________________ 833
CHAPTER 140: INFECTIONS IN IMMUNOCOMPROMISED PATIENTS ________________________ 839
CHAPTER 141: ANTIMICROBIAL PROPHYLAXIS IN SURGERY ______________________________ 843
,8 By Joseph T. Dipiro
CHAPTER 142: VACCINES AND IMMUNOGLOBULINS ____________________________________ 847
CHAPTER 143: HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION __________________________ 852
SECTION 19: ONCOLOGIC DISORDERS ___________________________________________ 856
CHAPTER 144: CANCER TREATMENT AND CHEMOTHERAPY ______________________________ 856
CHAPTER 145: BREAST CANCER _____________________________________________________ 860
CHAPTER 146: LUNG CANCER ______________________________________________________ 865
CHAPTER 147: COLORECTAL CANCER ________________________________________________ 866
CHAPTER 148: PROSTATE CANCER___________________________________________________ 871
CHAPTER 149: LYMPHOMAS _______________________________________________________ 872
CHAPTER 150: OVARIAN CANCER ___________________________________________________ 874
CHAPTER 151: ACUTE LEUKEMIAS ___________________________________________________ 881
CHAPTER 152: CHRONIC LEUKEMIAS _________________________________________________ 887
CHAPTER 153: MULTIPLE MYELOMA _________________________________________________ 890
CHAPTER 154: MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES _______________________________________ 894
CHAPTER 155: RENAL CELL CARCINOMA ______________________________________________ 898
CHAPTER 156: MELANOMA ________________________________________________________ 907
CHAPTER 157: HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION __________________________ 913
SECTION 20: NUTRITIONAL DISORDERS _________________________________________ 924
CHAPTER 158: ASSESSMENT OF NUTRITION STATUS AND NUTRITION REQUIREMENTS ________ 924
CHAPTER 159: PARENTERAL NUTRITION ______________________________________________ 929
CHAPTER 160: ENTERAL NUTRITION _________________________________________________ 939
CHAPTER 161: OBESITY ___________________________________________________________ 943
,9 By Joseph T. Dipiro
SECTION 1: FOUNDATION ISSUES
CHAPTER 1: THE PATIENT CARE PROCESS
JOSEPH T. DIPIRO: PHARMACOTHERAPY: A PATHOPHYSIOLOGIC APPROACH
11TH EDITION, (2020)
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS THE FIRST STEP IN THE PATIENT CARE
PROCESS?
A) MONITORING
B) ASSESSMENT
C) IMPLEMENTATION
D) PLAN DEVELOPMENT
CORRECT ANS>> B)
THE PATIENT CARE PROCESS BEGINS WITH ASSESSMENT, WHERE A NURSE
COLLECTS COMPREHENSIVE INFORMATION ABOUT THE PATIENT’S
HEALTH STATUS, INCLUDING MEDICAL HISTORY, SYMPTOMS, AND
CURRENT CONDITIONS. THIS IS ESSENTIAL TO UNDERSTANDING THE
PATIENT’S NEEDS AND FORMING A CARE PLAN.
2. THE NURSE USES THE PATIENT'S MEDICAL HISTORY AND CURRENT
MEDICATIONS TO IDENTIFY POSSIBLE DRUG INTERACTIONS IN WHICH
STEP OF THE PATIENT CARE PROCESS?
A) MONITORING
B) ASSESSMENT
C) PLANNING
, 10 By Joseph T. Dipiro
D) IMPLEMENTATION
CORRECT ANS>> B)
IN THE ASSESSMENT STEP, NURSES REVIEW THE PATIENT'S HEALTH
HISTORY, INCLUDING MEDICATIONS, TO IDENTIFY POTENTIAL RISKS SUCH
AS DRUG-DRUG INTERACTIONS, WHICH CAN AFFECT THE PATIENT’S
TREATMENT PLAN.
3. A NURSE DETERMINES THAT A PATIENT’S BLOOD PRESSURE IS
SIGNIFICANTLY HIGH AFTER THE ADMINISTRATION OF A NEW
MEDICATION. THIS IS AN EXAMPLE OF WHICH STEP OF THE PATIENT CARE
PROCESS?
A) PLAN DEVELOPMENT
B) ASSESSMENT
C) IMPLEMENTATION
D) MONITORING
CORRECT ANS>> D)
MONITORING INVOLVES TRACKING THE PATIENT’S RESPONSE TO
TREATMENT, INCLUDING ANY ADVERSE EFFECTS. IN THIS CASE, THE
NURSE IS MONITORING FOR SIDE EFFECTS (HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE) AFTER
A NEW MEDICATION IS GIVEN.
4. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS MOST IMPORTANT WHEN IDENTIFYING A
PATIENT’S DRUG ALLERGIES?
A) PLANNING
B) ASSESSMENT
C) MONITORING
D) EVALUATION
COMPLETE TEST BANK _
PHARMACOTHERAPY: A PATHOPHYSIOLOGIC APPROACH 11TH EDITION (ELEVENTH EDITION),
(2020)
BY JOSEPH T. DIPIRO, GARY C. YEE, L. MICHAEL POSEY, STUART T. HAINES,
THOMAS D. NOLIN & VICKI ELLINGROD
ALL CHAPTERS 1-161| 20 SECTIONS| LATEST VERSION WITH WELL DETAILED ANSWERS|
GRADE A+
,2 By Joseph T. Dipiro
SECTION 1: FOUNDATION ISSUES ________________________________________________ 9
CHAPTER 1: THE PATIENT CARE PROCESS _______________________________________________ 9
CHAPTER 2: HEALTH LITERACY AND MEDICATION USE ___________________________ 21
CHAPTER 3: CULTURAL COMPETENCY _________________________________________________ 29
CHAPTER 4: MEDICATION SAFETY PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES ____________________________ 37
CHAPTER 5: CLINICAL PHARMACOKINETICS AND PHARMACODYNAMICS ____________________ 47
CHAPTER 6: PHARMACOGENETICS ___________________________________________________ 55
CHAPTER 7: CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY ___________________________________________________ 62
SECTION 2: COMMON HEALTH PROBLEMS ________________________________________ 70
CHAPTER 8: FEVER ________________________________________________________________ 70
CHAPTER 9: PAIN AND HEADACHE ___________________________________________________ 79
CHAPTER 10: MINOR OPHTHALMIC DISORDERS _________________________________________ 89
CHAPTER 11: MINOR OTIC DISORDERS ________________________________________________ 99
CHAPTER 12: COUGH AND OTHER NONSPECIFIC RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS _________________ 108
CHAPTER 13: ALLERGIC RHINITIS ____________________________________________________ 118
CHAPTER 14: ORAL HEALTH AND SYSTEMIC CONDITIONS ________________________________ 122
CHAPTER 15: ORAL HYGIENE AND MINOR ORAL DISORDERS _____________________________ 133
CHAPTER 16: SKIN CARE AND MINOR DERMATOLOGIC CONDITIONS _______________________ 143
CHAPTER 17: TRAVEL HEALTH ______________________________________________________ 153
CHAPTER 18: CONTRACEPTION _____________________________________________________ 157
SECTION 3: SPECIAL POPULATIONS _____________________________________________ 162
CHAPTER 19: PEDIATRICS: GENERAL TOPICS IN PEDIATRIC PHARMACOTHERAPY _____________ 162
CHAPTER 20: PEDIATRICS; ORAL NUTRITION AND REHYDRATION OF INFANTS AND CHILDREN __ 173
CHAPTER 21: PEDIATRICS; NEONATAL CRITICAL CARE ___________________________________ 183
CHAPTER 22: GERIATRICS; THE AGING PROCESS IN HUMANS AND ITS EFFECTS ON PHYSIOLOGY 193
,3 By Joseph T. Dipiro
CHAPTER 23: PRESCRIBING IN THE OLDER ADULT ______________________________________ 201
CHAPTER 24: ASSESSING HEALTH AND DELIVERING HEALTHCARE TO OLDER ADULTS __________ 211
CHAPTER 25: CRITICAL CARE; GENERAL TOPICS IN CRITICAL CARE _________________________ 221
CHAPTER 26: CRITICAL CARE; PAIN, AGITATION, AND DELIRIUM __________________________ 230
CHAPTER 27: CRITICAL CARE; CONSIDERATIONS IN DRUG SELECTION, DOSING, MONITORING, AND
SAFETY ________________________________________________________________________ 239
CHAPTER 28: PALLIATIVE CARE _____________________________________________________ 249
SECTION 4: CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS ______________________________________ 258
CHAPTER 29: ASSESSMENT OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM ___________________________ 258
CHAPTER 30: HYPERTENSION ______________________________________________________ 260
CHAPTER 31: DYSLIPIDEMIA _______________________________________________________ 268
CHAPTER 32: STABLE ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE _______________________________________ 271
CHAPTER 33: ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROMES _________________________________________ 277
CHAPTER 34: PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL DISEASE _________________________________________ 286
CHAPTER 35: CHRONIC HEART FAILURE ______________________________________________ 292
CHAPTER 36: ACUTE DECOMPENSATED HEART FAILURE _________________________________ 298
CHAPTER 37: VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM __________________________________________ 305
CHAPTER 38: STROKE _____________________________________________________________ 309
CHAPTER 39: THE ARRHYTHMIAS ___________________________________________________ 317
CHAPTER 40: CARDIAC ARREST _____________________________________________________ 320
CHAPTER 41: SHOCK SYNDROMES___________________________________________________ 324
SECTION 5: RESPIRATORY DISORDERS __________________________________________ 343
CHAPTER 42: EVALUATION OF RESPIRATORY FUNCTION _________________________________ 343
CHAPTER 43: ASTHMA ____________________________________________________________ 348
CHAPTER 44: CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE _____________________________ 352
CHAPTER 45: PULMONARY ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION ___________________________________ 356
CHAPTER 46: CYSTIC FIBROSIS ______________________________________________________ 358
CHAPTER 47: DRUG-INDUCED PULMONARY DISEASES __________________________________ 361
,4 By Joseph T. Dipiro
SECTION 6: GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS _____________________________________ 365
CHAPTER 48: EVALUATION OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT ___________________________ 365
CHAPTER 49: GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE ___________________________________ 369
CHAPTER 50: PEPTIC ULCER DISEASE AND RELATED DISORDERS ___________________________ 373
CHAPTER 51: INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE________________________________________ 377
CHAPTER 52: NAUSEA AND VOMITING _______________________________________________ 381
CHAPTER 53: DIARRHEA, CONSTIPATION, AND IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME _______________ 386
CHAPTER 54: PORTAL HYPERTENSION AND CIRRHOSIS __________________________________ 392
CHAPTER 55: DRUG-INDUCED LIVER DISEASE __________________________________________ 396
CHAPTER 56: PANCREATITIS _______________________________________________________ 399
CHAPTER 57: VIRAL HEPATITIS______________________________________________________ 403
CHAPTER 58: CELIAC DISEASE ______________________________________________________ 407
SECTION 7: RENAL DISORDERS ________________________________________________ 411
CHAPTER 59: EVALUATION OF KIDNEY FUNCTION ______________________________________ 411
CHAPTER 60: ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY _________________________________________________ 416
CHAPTER 61: CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE ______________________________________________ 421
CHAPTER 62: HEMODIALYSIS AND PERITONEAL DIALYSIS ________________________________ 426
CHAPTER 63: DRUG-INDUCED KIDNEY DISEASE ________________________________________ 430
CHAPTER 64: GLOMERULAR DISEASES _______________________________________________ 434
CHAPTER 65: DRUG THERAPY INDIVIDUALIZATION FOR PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE
______________________________________________________________________________ 438
CHAPTER 66: DISORDERS OF SODIUM AND WATER HOMEOSTASIS ________________________ 442
CHAPTER 67: DISORDERS OF CALCIUM AND PHOSPHORUS HOMEOSTASIS __________________ 447
CHAPTER 68: DISORDERS OF POTASSIUM AND MAGNESIUM HOMEOSTASIS ________________ 452
CHAPTER 69: ACID–BASE DISORDERS ________________________________________________ 456
SECTION 8: NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS _________________________________________ 463
CHAPTER 70: EVALUATION OF NEUROLOGIC ILLNESS ___________________________________ 463
CHAPTER 71: ALZHEIMER DISEASE __________________________________________________ 467
,5 By Joseph T. Dipiro
CHAPTER 72: MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS __________________________________________________ 472
CHAPTER 73: EPILEPSY ____________________________________________________________ 476
CHAPTER 74: STATUS EPILEPTICUS __________________________________________________ 480
CHAPTER 75: ACUTE MANAGEMENT OF THE BRAIN INJURY PATIENT _______________________ 484
CHAPTER 76: PARKINSON DISEASE __________________________________________________ 488
CHAPTER 77: PAIN MANAGEMENT __________________________________________________ 492
CHAPTER 78: HEADACHE DISORDERS ________________________________________________ 496
SECTION 9: PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS ___________________________________________ 500
CHAPTER 79: EVALUATION OF PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS _________________________________ 500
CHAPTER 80: ATTENTION DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER ____________________________ 505
CHAPTER 81: EATING DISORDERS ___________________________________________________ 509
CHAPTER 82: SUBSTANCE-RELATED DISORDERS I: OVERVIEW AND DEPRESSANTS, STIMULANTS,
AND HALLUCINOGENS ____________________________________________________________ 513
CHAPTER 83: SUBSTANCE-RELATED DISORDERS II: ALCOHOL, NICOTINE, AND CAFFEINE _______ 518
CHAPTER 84: SCHIZOPHRENIA ______________________________________________________ 522
CHAPTER 85: MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER __________________________________________ 528
CHAPTER 86: BIPOLAR DISORDER ___________________________________________________ 532
CHAPTER 87: ANXIETY DISORDERS: GENERALIZED ANXIETY, PANIC, AND SOCIAL ANXIETY
DISORDERS _____________________________________________________________________ 536
CHAPTER 88: POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER AND OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER ___ 541
CHAPTER 89: SLEEP–WAKE DISORDERS_______________________________________________ 546
CHAPTER 90: INTELLECTUAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES: DOWN SYNDROME AND AUTISM
SPECTRUM DISORDER ____________________________________________________________ 551
SECTION 10: ENDOCRINOLOGIC DISORDERS______________________________________ 555
CHAPTER 91: DIABETES MELLITUS ___________________________________________________ 555
CHAPTER 92: THYROID DISORDERS __________________________________________________ 562
CHAPTER 93: ADRENAL GLAND DISORDERS ___________________________________________ 566
CHAPTER 94: PITUITARY GLAND DISORDERS __________________________________________ 569
SECTION 11: GYNECOLOGIC AND OBSETRIC DISORDERS ____________________________ 573
,6 By Joseph T. Dipiro
CHAPTER 95: PREGNANCY AND LACTATION: THERAPEUTIC CONSIDERATIONS _______________ 573
CHAPTER 96: MENSTRUATION-RELATED DISORDERS ____________________________________ 577
CHAPTER 97: ENDOMETRIOSIS _____________________________________________________ 582
CHAPTER 98: HORMONE THERAPY IN WOMEN ________________________________________ 587
SECTION 12: UROLOGICAL DISORDERS __________________________________________ 591
CHAPTER 99: ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION _______________________________________________ 591
CHAPTER 100: BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA ______________________________________ 596
CHAPTER 101: URINARY INCONTINENCE______________________________________________ 601
SECTION 13: IMMUNOLOGIC DISORDERS ________________________________________ 605
CHAPTER 102: FUNCTION AND EVALUATION OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM_____________________ 605
CHAPTER 103: SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS _____________________________________ 616
CHAPTER 104: DRUG ALLERGY ______________________________________________________ 620
CHAPTER 105: SOLID-ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION ______________________________________ 623
SECTION 14: RHEUMATOLOGIC DISORDERS ______________________________________ 628
CHAPTER 106: OSTEOARTHRITIS ____________________________________________________ 628
CHAPTER 107: RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS _____________________________________________ 632
CHAPTER 108: OSTEOPOROSIS _____________________________________________________ 636
CHAPTER 109: GOUT AND HYPERURICEMIA ___________________________________________ 641
SECTION 15: OPHTHALMIC DISORDERS__________________________________________ 642
CHAPTER 110: GLAUCOMA ________________________________________________________ 642
CHAPTER 111: AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION ________________________________ 652
CHAPTER 112: DRUG-INDUCED OPHTHALMIC DISORDERS _______________________________ 662
SECTION 16: DERMATOLOGIC DISORDERS _______________________________________ 671
CHAPTER 113: ACNE VULGARIS _____________________________________________________ 671
CHAPTER 114: PSORIASIS __________________________________________________________ 674
CHAPTER 115: ATOPIC DERMATITIS _________________________________________________ 676
CHAPTER 116: ALOPECIA __________________________________________________________ 687
,7 By Joseph T. Dipiro
CHAPTER 117: DERMATOLOGIC DRUG REACTIONS, CONTACT DERMATITIS, AND COMMON SKIN
CONDITIONS ____________________________________________________________________ 696
SECTION 17: HEMATOLOGIC DISORDERS ________________________________________ 706
CHAPTER 118: ANEMIAS __________________________________________________________ 706
CHAPTER 119: COAGULATION DISORDERS ____________________________________________ 719
CHAPTER 120: SICKLE CELL DISEASE _________________________________________________ 722
CHAPTER 121: DRUG-INDUCED HEMATOLOGIC DISORDERS ______________________________ 726
SECTION 18: INFECTIOUS DISEASES _____________________________________________ 730
CHAPTER 122: LABORATORY TESTS TO DIRECT ANTIMICROBIAL PHARMACOTHERAPY ________ 730
CHAPTER 123: ANTIMICROBIAL REGIMEN SELECTION ___________________________________ 736
CHAPTER 124: CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM INFECTIONS _________________________________ 747
CHAPTER 125: LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS ________________________________ 750
CHAPTER 126: UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS _________________________________ 759
CHAPTER 127: INFLUENZA _________________________________________________________ 763
CHAPTER 128: SKIN AND SOFT-TISSUE INFECTIONS _____________________________________ 767
CHAPTER 129: INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS _____________________________________________ 773
CHAPTER 130: TUBERCULOSIS ______________________________________________________ 778
CHAPTER 131: GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND ENTEROTOXIGENIC POISONINGS ________ 783
CHAPTER 132: INTRA-ABDOMINAL INFECTIONS ________________________________________ 787
CHAPTER 133: PARASITIC DISEASES _________________________________________________ 791
CHAPTER 134: URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS AND PROSTATITIS ___________________________ 799
CHAPTER 135: SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES _____________________________________ 804
CHAPTER 136: BONE AND JOINT INFECTIONS __________________________________________ 822
CHAPTER 137: SEPSIS AND SEPTIC SHOCK_____________________________________________ 825
CHAPTER 138: SUPERFICIAL FUNGAL INFECTIONS ______________________________________ 829
CHAPTER 139: INVASIVE FUNGAL INFECTIONS _________________________________________ 833
CHAPTER 140: INFECTIONS IN IMMUNOCOMPROMISED PATIENTS ________________________ 839
CHAPTER 141: ANTIMICROBIAL PROPHYLAXIS IN SURGERY ______________________________ 843
,8 By Joseph T. Dipiro
CHAPTER 142: VACCINES AND IMMUNOGLOBULINS ____________________________________ 847
CHAPTER 143: HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION __________________________ 852
SECTION 19: ONCOLOGIC DISORDERS ___________________________________________ 856
CHAPTER 144: CANCER TREATMENT AND CHEMOTHERAPY ______________________________ 856
CHAPTER 145: BREAST CANCER _____________________________________________________ 860
CHAPTER 146: LUNG CANCER ______________________________________________________ 865
CHAPTER 147: COLORECTAL CANCER ________________________________________________ 866
CHAPTER 148: PROSTATE CANCER___________________________________________________ 871
CHAPTER 149: LYMPHOMAS _______________________________________________________ 872
CHAPTER 150: OVARIAN CANCER ___________________________________________________ 874
CHAPTER 151: ACUTE LEUKEMIAS ___________________________________________________ 881
CHAPTER 152: CHRONIC LEUKEMIAS _________________________________________________ 887
CHAPTER 153: MULTIPLE MYELOMA _________________________________________________ 890
CHAPTER 154: MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES _______________________________________ 894
CHAPTER 155: RENAL CELL CARCINOMA ______________________________________________ 898
CHAPTER 156: MELANOMA ________________________________________________________ 907
CHAPTER 157: HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION __________________________ 913
SECTION 20: NUTRITIONAL DISORDERS _________________________________________ 924
CHAPTER 158: ASSESSMENT OF NUTRITION STATUS AND NUTRITION REQUIREMENTS ________ 924
CHAPTER 159: PARENTERAL NUTRITION ______________________________________________ 929
CHAPTER 160: ENTERAL NUTRITION _________________________________________________ 939
CHAPTER 161: OBESITY ___________________________________________________________ 943
,9 By Joseph T. Dipiro
SECTION 1: FOUNDATION ISSUES
CHAPTER 1: THE PATIENT CARE PROCESS
JOSEPH T. DIPIRO: PHARMACOTHERAPY: A PATHOPHYSIOLOGIC APPROACH
11TH EDITION, (2020)
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS THE FIRST STEP IN THE PATIENT CARE
PROCESS?
A) MONITORING
B) ASSESSMENT
C) IMPLEMENTATION
D) PLAN DEVELOPMENT
CORRECT ANS>> B)
THE PATIENT CARE PROCESS BEGINS WITH ASSESSMENT, WHERE A NURSE
COLLECTS COMPREHENSIVE INFORMATION ABOUT THE PATIENT’S
HEALTH STATUS, INCLUDING MEDICAL HISTORY, SYMPTOMS, AND
CURRENT CONDITIONS. THIS IS ESSENTIAL TO UNDERSTANDING THE
PATIENT’S NEEDS AND FORMING A CARE PLAN.
2. THE NURSE USES THE PATIENT'S MEDICAL HISTORY AND CURRENT
MEDICATIONS TO IDENTIFY POSSIBLE DRUG INTERACTIONS IN WHICH
STEP OF THE PATIENT CARE PROCESS?
A) MONITORING
B) ASSESSMENT
C) PLANNING
, 10 By Joseph T. Dipiro
D) IMPLEMENTATION
CORRECT ANS>> B)
IN THE ASSESSMENT STEP, NURSES REVIEW THE PATIENT'S HEALTH
HISTORY, INCLUDING MEDICATIONS, TO IDENTIFY POTENTIAL RISKS SUCH
AS DRUG-DRUG INTERACTIONS, WHICH CAN AFFECT THE PATIENT’S
TREATMENT PLAN.
3. A NURSE DETERMINES THAT A PATIENT’S BLOOD PRESSURE IS
SIGNIFICANTLY HIGH AFTER THE ADMINISTRATION OF A NEW
MEDICATION. THIS IS AN EXAMPLE OF WHICH STEP OF THE PATIENT CARE
PROCESS?
A) PLAN DEVELOPMENT
B) ASSESSMENT
C) IMPLEMENTATION
D) MONITORING
CORRECT ANS>> D)
MONITORING INVOLVES TRACKING THE PATIENT’S RESPONSE TO
TREATMENT, INCLUDING ANY ADVERSE EFFECTS. IN THIS CASE, THE
NURSE IS MONITORING FOR SIDE EFFECTS (HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE) AFTER
A NEW MEDICATION IS GIVEN.
4. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS MOST IMPORTANT WHEN IDENTIFYING A
PATIENT’S DRUG ALLERGIES?
A) PLANNING
B) ASSESSMENT
C) MONITORING
D) EVALUATION
