HUMAN REPRODUCTION
1. Reproductive System:
Male Reproductive System -
• Composed of testes, accessory ducts (epididymis, vas deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra), glands (seminal vesicles, prostate, bulbourethral
glands), and external genitalia (penis, scrotum).
• Testes produce sperms and testosterone.
• Spermatogenesis occurs in the seminiferous tubules of the testes, resulting in mature sperm.
Female Reproductive System -
• Includes ovaries, oviducts (fallopian tubes), uterus, vagina, and external genitalia (vulva).
• Ovaries produce ova (eggs) and female sex hormones (estrogen, progesterone).
, • Oogenesis occurs in the ovaries, and each female has a fixed number of eggs formed during fetal life.
2. Gametogenesis:
• Spermatogenesis: The formation of sperms from spermatogonia in the seminiferous tubules. It involves mitosis, meiosis, and differentiation
stages, resulting in four mature sperm from one primary spermatocyte.
• Oogenesis: The formation of ova in the ovaries, beginning during fetal life. It is completed after puberty, with one mature ovum formed from
one primary oocyte after meiotic divisions.
3. Menstrual Cycle:
• The menstrual cycle lasts about 28 days and consists of four phases -
i] Menstrual phase (Days 1–5): Shedding of the endometrial lining.
1. Reproductive System:
Male Reproductive System -
• Composed of testes, accessory ducts (epididymis, vas deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra), glands (seminal vesicles, prostate, bulbourethral
glands), and external genitalia (penis, scrotum).
• Testes produce sperms and testosterone.
• Spermatogenesis occurs in the seminiferous tubules of the testes, resulting in mature sperm.
Female Reproductive System -
• Includes ovaries, oviducts (fallopian tubes), uterus, vagina, and external genitalia (vulva).
• Ovaries produce ova (eggs) and female sex hormones (estrogen, progesterone).
, • Oogenesis occurs in the ovaries, and each female has a fixed number of eggs formed during fetal life.
2. Gametogenesis:
• Spermatogenesis: The formation of sperms from spermatogonia in the seminiferous tubules. It involves mitosis, meiosis, and differentiation
stages, resulting in four mature sperm from one primary spermatocyte.
• Oogenesis: The formation of ova in the ovaries, beginning during fetal life. It is completed after puberty, with one mature ovum formed from
one primary oocyte after meiotic divisions.
3. Menstrual Cycle:
• The menstrual cycle lasts about 28 days and consists of four phases -
i] Menstrual phase (Days 1–5): Shedding of the endometrial lining.
