PSYC 140 Final Exam Study Questions and
Answers|2025 Update|100% Correct.
What are the five research methods discussed in this module?
- naturalistic observation
- case study
- study/interview
- correlational research
- experiments
three types of prenatal diagnostic tests
ultrasound, amniocentesis, and chorionic villus sampling (CVA)
ultrasound
prenatal diagnostic technique that uses high frequency sounds to create an image of the baby
amniocentesis
Prenatal diagnostic technique involving needle puncture of the amniotic sac to withdraw
amniotic fluid for analysis; looks for chromosomal and genetic abnormalities
chorionic villus sampling (CVS)
Prenatal diagnostic technique in which a small sample of the fetal portion of the placenta is
removed for analysis to detect certain genetic and congenital defects in the fetus.
what are the three types of genetic-environment interactions?
passive, evocative, and active
passive genotype-environment interaction
parents provide genetic disposition and nurturing context to foster certain qualities
evocative genotype-environment interaction
,parents provide genetic predisposition for a child to evoke certain reactions in others that will
influence their development
active genotype-environment interaction
parents provide genetic predisposition that results in a child actively seeking out environmental
conditions that foster development of certain qualities
three periods of neonatal development
germinal, embryonic, and fetal
germinal period
week 0-2
zygote created, attaches to uterus wall
embryonic period
week 2-8
layers of cells form that later develop into organs and systems
fetal period
month 2-9
major growth and development
teratogens
agents that interfere with natural growth and produce a birth defect
which three variables determine a teratogen's effect?
- gestational age
- amount of teratogen
- susceptibility
When does organogenesis begin?
,Around week 3 through week 8
why is stress a teratogen?
stress causes blood to be directed away from fetus and towards mother's brain, limbs, heart.
Cortisol can cross placenta and increase fetal HR
why is cognitive development more susceptible?
brain develops all throughout pregnancy
what are the three phases of childbirth?
- early & active labor
- delivery of baby
- delivery of the placenta
early labor and active labor
- longest stage
- starts at onset of true labor
- ends when cervix completely dilated
- 30-45 sec contractions w 5-30 min between
- 45-60 sec contractions w 3-5 min between
- amniotic sac may rupture
delivery of baby
- begins when cervix dilated
- 20 min-2 hrs
delivery of placenta
- 5-10 min
- contractions again
- placenta separates from uterine wall
three drugs used in childbirth
, analgesia, anesthesia, oxytocics
Analgesia vs Anesthesia
drugs that relieve pain; includes narcotics, tranquilizers, and barbiturates
anesthesia
drugs that blocks pain, can be general or epidural
oxytocics
drugs that stimulate contractions and induce labor
postpartum biological adjustments
involution, sleep adjustments, physical healing
postpartum psychological adjustments
coordinating schedules, readjusting social relationships, bonding with baby
pros and cons of naturalistic observation
pro: can observe natural behavior
con: can only study what you can see
pros and cons of case study
pro: rich and detailed info, especially in a rare case
con: may not be applicable to other cases
pros and cons of surveys
pro: a lot of info, large sample, easy
con: self-reporting
Answers|2025 Update|100% Correct.
What are the five research methods discussed in this module?
- naturalistic observation
- case study
- study/interview
- correlational research
- experiments
three types of prenatal diagnostic tests
ultrasound, amniocentesis, and chorionic villus sampling (CVA)
ultrasound
prenatal diagnostic technique that uses high frequency sounds to create an image of the baby
amniocentesis
Prenatal diagnostic technique involving needle puncture of the amniotic sac to withdraw
amniotic fluid for analysis; looks for chromosomal and genetic abnormalities
chorionic villus sampling (CVS)
Prenatal diagnostic technique in which a small sample of the fetal portion of the placenta is
removed for analysis to detect certain genetic and congenital defects in the fetus.
what are the three types of genetic-environment interactions?
passive, evocative, and active
passive genotype-environment interaction
parents provide genetic disposition and nurturing context to foster certain qualities
evocative genotype-environment interaction
,parents provide genetic predisposition for a child to evoke certain reactions in others that will
influence their development
active genotype-environment interaction
parents provide genetic predisposition that results in a child actively seeking out environmental
conditions that foster development of certain qualities
three periods of neonatal development
germinal, embryonic, and fetal
germinal period
week 0-2
zygote created, attaches to uterus wall
embryonic period
week 2-8
layers of cells form that later develop into organs and systems
fetal period
month 2-9
major growth and development
teratogens
agents that interfere with natural growth and produce a birth defect
which three variables determine a teratogen's effect?
- gestational age
- amount of teratogen
- susceptibility
When does organogenesis begin?
,Around week 3 through week 8
why is stress a teratogen?
stress causes blood to be directed away from fetus and towards mother's brain, limbs, heart.
Cortisol can cross placenta and increase fetal HR
why is cognitive development more susceptible?
brain develops all throughout pregnancy
what are the three phases of childbirth?
- early & active labor
- delivery of baby
- delivery of the placenta
early labor and active labor
- longest stage
- starts at onset of true labor
- ends when cervix completely dilated
- 30-45 sec contractions w 5-30 min between
- 45-60 sec contractions w 3-5 min between
- amniotic sac may rupture
delivery of baby
- begins when cervix dilated
- 20 min-2 hrs
delivery of placenta
- 5-10 min
- contractions again
- placenta separates from uterine wall
three drugs used in childbirth
, analgesia, anesthesia, oxytocics
Analgesia vs Anesthesia
drugs that relieve pain; includes narcotics, tranquilizers, and barbiturates
anesthesia
drugs that blocks pain, can be general or epidural
oxytocics
drugs that stimulate contractions and induce labor
postpartum biological adjustments
involution, sleep adjustments, physical healing
postpartum psychological adjustments
coordinating schedules, readjusting social relationships, bonding with baby
pros and cons of naturalistic observation
pro: can observe natural behavior
con: can only study what you can see
pros and cons of case study
pro: rich and detailed info, especially in a rare case
con: may not be applicable to other cases
pros and cons of surveys
pro: a lot of info, large sample, easy
con: self-reporting
