PNR 308 Pediatrics Midterm Exam Questions and Accurate answers – Latest. Graded A+

PNR 308 Pediatrics Midterm Exam Questions and Accurate answers – Latest. Graded A+ A newborn infant will typically lose _______ to 10 % of his or her birth weight by day 3 or 4. - Correct Answer 7-10% A newborn loses the weight after birth but SHOULD regain the weight by 7-10 days old" "What is the most important nursing intervention to promote a positive hospital experience for a 1-month-old infant? a)Encouraging parents to bring in familiar toys from home b)Maintenance of a rigid schedule c)Provision of sensorimotor stimulation d)Provision of consistent caregivers - Correct Answer d)Provision of consistent caregivers Due to trust vs mistrust - infants are wary of strangers." "A parent of an overweight 8yo seeks advice from the nurse. What would the nurse advise the parent to do? a)provide rewards to child for avoiding snacks between meal times b)limit privileges when the child eats sweets/junk food c)include the child in meal planning and prep d)limit party going activities where sweets are served - Correct Answer c) include the child in meal planning and prep Eight-year-old children like to be considered important, particularly by adults. By including the child in meal planning and preparation, the parents assist the child in feeling important, as well as aid in making the school-age child a more responsible person." "What are the best foods for a nurse to recommend for a 2-year-old child diagnosed with mild constipation? a)Wheat crackers and apples b)Bananas and bran muffins c)Shredded wheat and cooked prunes d)Rice and black beans - Correct Answer c)Shredded wheat and cooked prunes" "A group of children are observed playing house. Each child is assigned a specific role as mommy, daddy, or child. At what age does this type of play typically begin? a)Between 1 and 2 years old b)Between 10 and 13 years old c)Between 3 and 5 years old d)Between 7 and 10 years old - Correct Answer c)Between 3 and 5 years old" "Name some indicators that a child is ready to transition to solid foods - Correct Answer Sit up with support, Head erect, Have some teeth, Extrusion reflex is gone, Can chew and swallow" "What should you give a 6mo baby before introducing/giving solid food? - Correct Answer Milk or formula" "How many meals a day should an 8mo baby have? (in addition to bottle) For a 10-12mo? - Correct Answer 2 small meals a day 3-4 small meals a day" "How many wet and dirty (BM) diapers should a 1mo have in 24h period? - Correct Answer At least 6 wet, 2 dirty" "How many Cal/kg does a 0-6mo need? - Correct Answer 108cal/kg" "What is the main cause of a child acquiring iron-deficiency anemia? - Correct Answer When child drinks milk instead of eating solid foods." "What age of child do you feed lots of finger foods? - Correct Answer Toddler" "For how many weeks will the infant experience passive immunity from his or her mother? a)4 b)8 c)12 d)24 - Correct Answer c)12" "A mother who is breastfeeding her 5-month-old infant asks a nurse what else she should be offering the infant for nutrition at this point in time. A nurse teaches the mother that she should supplement the infant's diet with which of the following? a)Rice cereal b)No other food or drink c)A bottle of water d)An occasional bottle of juice - Correct Answer b)No other food or drink" "Which characteristics are present in a well-nourished child? (Select all that apply.) a)Erect posture b)Pale mucous membranes c)Protruding abdomen d)Shiny hair e)Regular elimination - Correct Answer a)Erect posture, d)Shiny hair, e)Regular elimination" "A child comes to the clinic for follow-up after discharge from the hospital with a diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis. He states he is excited about returning to school and rejoining his cross-country team with his friends. His father states he wants his son to stay home and do more sedentary activities to prevent any more health problems. What is the best response of the nurse? - Correct Answer Review with the child and father the goal of normal growth and development with healthy activity. Encourage the son to accept responsibility for monitoring and self-care. Review with the son and father blood sugar levels and trends, dietary patterns, and timing of insulin administration in relation to exercise. Review the need for blood glucose testing before, during, and after exercise. Discuss the need for the child to carry glucagon tablets in his backpack and the need for the coach to be aware of the child's condition." "A mother comes to the clinic with her 5-year-old child who has a urinary tract infection for the second time in 3 months. You notice that the child is wearing spandex sports shorts and is carrying a doll. She is holding a bottled water container that is filled with fruit punch. What teaching interventions could the nurse initiate? - Correct Answer Teach the parent and child the advantages of wearing loose cotton clothing to allow for airflow to the perineal area. Discuss limiting sugar-containing fluids and instead substituting water and juices that increase the acidity of the urine (e.g., apple and cranberry) and to ensure the child gets lots of fluids. It is also important to teach the child to completely empty the bladder on voiding and to void frequently. Using a doll, demonstrate front-to-back wiping hygiene. It is important to discuss with the parents the need to take all of the antibiotics as prescribed to ensure the infection does not recur." "An 11-month-old infant is brought to the clinic. The mother states that he has watery diarrhea, and the nurse notice that his eyes are sunken and that his skin turgor is only fair. The mother tells the nurse she wants to give an antidiarrheal medicine that she has at home and asks how much to give. What is the best response of the nurse? - Correct Answer Explain that antidiarrheal medication is not routinely given to infants and toddlers with diarrhea because it slows GI motility and therefore slow down the excretion of the cause of the diarrhea. Discuss oral rehydration therapy. After being rehydrated the child should receive age-appropriate food as tolerated." "A mother states that her child has developed a fever after receiving an immunization, and she requests antibiotic treatment. What data collection and parent teaching are indicated? - Correct Answer Collect data concerning the status of the child in relation to dehydration, lethargy, and so forth. Discuss fever control techniques used at home and review appropriate fever-reducing techniques. Review with the mother that immunization does not cause the disease but can cause a slight reaction; therefore, antibiotics would not be helpful. Be sure the mother has the telephone number of a resource agency or clinic for follow-up care." "A mother brings her 8-week-old infant to the clinic and states that the infant is fussy and acting as if he has colic. What information does the nurse need to obtain from the parent to develop a teaching plan? - Correct Answer Determine whether the infant is formula fed or breastfed; assess latch, breastfeeding technique, the stool pattern of the infant, the feeding pattern of the infant, the sleeping pattern of the infant, and the approaches used to calm the infant. Assessing the stress the mother is feeling is also important to ensure this is not causing tension between the mother and infant. Develop a teaching plan based on the information obtained. Demonstrate the colic carry and encourage parents to get help so they can get some rest. Prioritize and emphasize that colic is not a reflection on parenting skills." "The parents of a toddler discuss safety in the home with the nurse. The parents state that they will use a car seat as required by law and safety gates on the stairs to prevent accidental falls. However, they believe no other safety "childproofing" is necessary, because their child is a good child and they plan to teach him to be obedient so he will learn not to touch certain items. What is the best response of the nurse? - Correct Answer The nurse should review normal growth and development with the parents, review the stage of autonomy that their child is in, and explain the role of exploration of the environment as a normal part of toddler behaviour. Maintaining a safe environment encourages growth and development. A toddler is also learning independence and will test his or her autonomy by saying "no." For this reason, safety measures with children in this age group are essential to prevent accidental injury." "The parents of a preschool child discuss the typical play activities of their child. They express concern that they have seen their child choose to play the role of "the aggressive bad guy" in play scenarios and are concerned that he may be developing aggressive behaviour. They ask if they should stop him from assuming roles in play that are not acceptable behaviours. What is the best response of the nurse? - Correct Answer The nurse should review the cognitive development of the preschool child and the prelogical thinking typical for the age. Play in the preschool child enables the child to experience and express multiple roles and emotional outlets. It is common for a preschool child to be the aggressor, the victim, and the hero or superpower. These choices do not necessarily indicate a preference for that specific role." "Parents discuss their child's behaviour with the nurse. They state that they are anxious for their child to succeed in school so he can have all the advantages of a good education. However, the child does not seem to want their help, nor does he appreciate their efforts to help him. They give the example of a science project that was due for school last week. His father, an engineer, built the best-looking project for his child to take to school. "It earned an easy 'A' grade for him." However, the boy didn't appreciate the help given to him and didn't seem to care about the "A" grade received. They are worried that school may not have the same meaning for the child as it does for them. What is the best response of the nurse? - Correct Answer The nurse should review the normal growth and development of the school-age child with the parents and explain the implications of Erikson's stage of industry. The child needs to master skills that bring success. When the parents do a project for the child, the child knows he did not earn the grade received and therefore may not appreciate the grade. The parents should provide guidance and encouragement but allow the child to achieve his own successes." "A grade 12 student expresses her concern to the nurse about taking her college entrance examination. The examination is given early in the morning, which is when she often feels sleepy and less alert and has trouble concentrating. She states that she usually studies hard the night before an examination and tries to eat a good breakfast on the day of the test. The breakfast usually consists of bacon and eggs, a muffin, and chocolate milk. What is the appropriate response of the nurse? - Correct Answer Discuss the nutritional habits of the adolescent. Explain that high-fat and high-cholesterol meals are slow to digest because they divert blood from the brain to the gastrointestinal tract for digestion, resulting in decreased alertness. Pastries and muffins increase serotonin in the brain, resulting in a sleep response. Advising a breakfast of proteins that increase tyrosine (e.g., turkey, egg whites, soy) and therefore increase alertness may help this adolescent. Also, review sleep and rest habits before test days." "A 3-year-old child has been hospitalized for 2 days. She is watching the television mounted above her bed. She is expressionless but does not cry or appear to be in distress. Her mother calls on the telephone and states that because her child seems to be adjusted, she may not come in today to visit because she does not want to "upset her." How should the nurse interpret the child's behaviour? How should the nurse respond to the mother? - Correct Answer Review the stages of separation anxiety. The child may be in the detachment phase. She needs to be brought out of this stage or the parent/infant bond may be impaired. Advise the mother to spend as much time as possible with her child. It is normal for children to cry when parents leave and this a normal, healthy response. Parents need to be reassured regarding this." "After resuscitation in the emergency department, following a submersion injury, the child has regained consciousness, is interacting with the mother, and has stable vital signs. The mother states, "Now that my child is OK I want to take him home." What is the best response of the nurse? - Correct Answer All children with submersion injuries must be admitted for observation. The effects of a submersion injury on the lungs and brain may not be evident for 24 hours and require professional monitoring. Aspiration pneumonia is a common complication that may not be evident until 24 to 48 hours after the incident. The nurse should help the parents cope with any guilt and shock from the event." "The nurse enters the room of a child who is in skeletal traction for a fractured femur. He is sitting in a high-Fowler's position watching television and eating snacks. What nursing observations relating to the traction would the nurse make, and what interventions are necessary? - Correct Answer Sitting in a high-Fowler's position eliminates the countertraction necessary for effective skeletal traction. The nurse would lower the head of the bed and be sure that the weights are hanging freely and are off the floor and that the body is in alignment. The parents/caretakers should be educated on the importance of positioning for proper healing. Depending on the child's age, he or she could be taught the importance of not sitting up so high in the bed. To ensure no negative effects resulted from the high-Fowler's position, the nurse would check the pin sites and perform a neurovascular check of the toes." "A mother brings her 2-year-old child to the clinic stating that the spica cast has a strong, unpleasant odour. The child has a temperature of 37.8° C (100° F). He appears to be in no acute distress and is playing with a small toy car in one hand and has a half-eaten cracker in the other hand. What nursing intervention is indicated? - Correct Answer The child should be assessed for infection through a blood test for CBC. It is more likely that the child has put food or some small item into the cast. The health care provider should be notified and an x-ray could be done. The cast may need to be removed and replaced. The mother needs education regarding keeping small toys away from the child while the cast is on." "The father of a child diagnosed with cystic fibrosis visits his child in the hospital. He states that he thinks the hospital food does not agree with his child because he notices the child has a loose stool with a very bad odour. None of his other children have that type of stool. He brought some loperamide (Imodium) pills from the drugstore to give to the child. What is the best response of the nurse? - Correct Answer A bulky, frothy, loose, foul-smelling stool is characteristic of cystic fibrosis and confirms the diagnosis. It is due to the fat in the diet that was not digested. Antidiarrheal medication is not indicated. The treatment ordered by the health care provider will help with this problem. The father needs to be taught to tell the nurse or doctor about any medication that is brought from home and given to the child." "A child who was diagnosed with Kawasaki disease is discharged home with directions to take a low-dose aspirin tablet once a day. The parent states that she heard that aspirin is contraindicated for use in children and asks if she can substitute acetaminophen instead. What is the best response of the nurse? - Correct Answer Salicylate therapy (aspirin) is prescribed for its antithrombus properties (to prevent clot formation), which acetaminophen (Tylenol) does not have. Although use of aspirin in children is usually contraindicated, in Kawasaki disease it is an accepted treatment." "A parent states that her 4-month-old infant is scheduled for heart transplant surgery in the next few weeks. She states that the infant is now due for her second immunization series and asks if the child will be better protected if she has the immunizations now before she has the surgery. What is the best response of the nurse? - Correct Answer Immunizations are not recommended before cardiac surgery. Immunosuppressants are used to prevent rejection of the transplanted heart, and the child's ability to manufacture antibodies in response to routine immunizations will be impaired." "What are the ages for the following: Fetus, Neonate, Infant, Toddler, Preschool, School Age, Adolescent - Correct Answer Fetus: 9wk gestation to birth Neonate: Birth to 4 weeks Infant: 1mo - 1yo Toddler: 1-3yo Preschool: 3-6yo School Age: 6-12yo Adolescent: 12-18yo" "How many erupted teeth would a nurse expect to see in a healthy 8mo? a)2 b)4 c)6 d)8 - Correct Answer a)2 To assess the number of teeth a child under age 2 years is expected to have, use the following formula: Age in months − 6. For example, 8 − 6 = 2." "During the first week of life, the newborns weight may do which of the following? a)increase by 7-10% b)decrease by 7-10% c)stabilize d)fluctuate wildly - Correct Answer b)decrease by 7-10% Approximately 7 to 10% of the birth weight is lost by age 3 or 4 days as a result of the passage of stools and a limited fluid intake." "What age should toothbrushing be introduced? a)6mo b)1yo c)3yo d)2mo - Correct Answer d)2mo Parents should start cleaning the infant's mouth even before teeth are present with a clean, damp facecloth or soft brush and rub all of the gums. A toothbrush should be introduced when teeth are present. The Canadian Dental Association recommends that the first dental visit occur 6 months after the eruption of the first tooth or by 1 year." "To meet the needs of a school age child with diabetes, the nurse should do which of the following? a)explain carefully to the mother the need to adhere to dietary mods b)allow the child to eat whatever they want and admin insulin to maintain optimum glucose levels c)allow child to perform their own Accuchecks and admin their own insulin perform accuchecks 4x a day and at bedtime - Correct Answer c)allow child to perform their own Accuchecks and admin their own insulin School-age children are in Erikson's stage of industry, where the child gets results from his or her own efforts at performance. Patience is needed to allow school-age children to do things for themselves, even if it takes longer." "What age is most appropriate to intro competitive games? a)3-5 years b)5-6 years c)7-9 years d)12-15 years - Correct Answer c)7-9 years Nursing interventions with children should focus on encouraging optimal play activities and experiences that are age appropriate. Between the ages of 7 and 10 years, the development of play is competitive. Children at this age start to accept competition with structured rules." "A nurse teaching parents about car seat safety for an infant less than 10kg should include which info? a)a car seat is not needed if infant is held securely in parents lap b)the car seat should be placed close to the driver in the front pass seat c)the car seat should face the rear and be placed in the centre of the back seat d)the car seat should face forwards and be placed in back seat on driver side. - Correct Answer c)the car seat should face the rear and be placed in the centre of the back seat Infant seats should be used for all infants travelling in automobiles. A rear-facing infant seat should be used for infants weighing less than 10 kg and unable to walk, and it should be located in the centre of the rear seat of the automobile." "When discussing home safety for an infant, what is the most important (priority)? a)placing locks on cabinets w chemicals b)covering electrical outlets c)putting the baby to sleep on its back d)encouraging talking/reading with client - Correct Answer c)putting the baby to sleep on its back Infants should be positioned for sleep on their backs on a firm, flat mattress in a crib, both for their safety and to decrease the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)." "A mother expresses concern that her infant is overweight. She is concerned as there is a family history of obesity. the nurse assesses the 1yo and find that the weight of the infant is 11kg. At birth, the wt was 3.7kg. What is the best response by the nurse? a) place the infant on low-fat milk diet b) give the infant regular whole milk as the weight is normal for their age c) indicate the infant is underweight and needs supplemental formula d) Note that infancy is a period of rapid growth and weight loss will occur as the infant becomes more active - Correct Answer b) give the infant regular whole milk as the weight is normal for their age Weight doubles by age 6 months and triples by age 1 year. Whole cow's milk can be introduced after age 1 year, and low-fat milk can be introduced after age 2 years." "Which of the following is a developmental red-flag for a 3mo? a) infant does not attempt to raise head when placed on stomach b) the infant cannot sit without support c) Infant exhibits stranger anxiety d) infant does not smile responsively - Correct Answer a) infant does not attempt to raise head when placed on stomach, d) infant does not smile responsively A child cannot sit up without support until 5 to 6 months of age and stranger anxiety usually is exhibited at 6 months of age and older. By 3 months of age the infant should be able to raise its head when on its abdomen and should smile responsively to caregivers." "A parent states she is having trouble with her toddler that seems to "always want things his way". The parents ask why the child is behaving this way. What advice should the nurse respond with? a) explain to the child that it doesnt matter b) put the child in "time out" for appropriate time c) explain this is normal ritualistic behaviour at this age d) let child do what they want - Correct Answer c) explain this is normal ritualistic behaviour at this age Ritualism is another characteristic of toddler behavior. Toddlers increase their sense of security by making compulsive routines of simple tasks, and therefore their rituals should be respected." "What is tachycardia HR for infant to preschooler? - Correct Answer >180" "Tachycardia HR for school age? - Correct Answer >160" "When is the best time to do assessment on infant? - Correct Answer Right before a feeding" "Fever for child is anything above.... - Correct Answer 38.5" "What is a quick way to determine systolic BP for child? What about hypotension? - Correct Answer 90 + 2 x age (in years) 70 + 2 x age (in years)" "What is bradycardia for infant? - Correct Answer <80" "Bradycardia for toddler-school age? - Correct Answer <60" "When do the anterior and posterior fontanelles close? - Correct Answer A: between 9-12 months, P: between 1-3mo" "What is a normal RR for a 2yo? a)18-20 b)20-30 c)35-40 d)40-50 - Correct Answer b)20-30 The respiratory rate slows to 20 to 30 breaths/minute and breathing continues to be abdominal during the toddler years" "Which observations of a 2yo should be documented and reported to HCP immediately? (select all that apply) a)he does not try to imitate sounds or words b)he does not respond to his name c)he refuses to sit on the toilet d)he has temper tantrums - Correct Answer a)he does not try to imitate sounds or words, b)he does not respond to his name Lack of responding to his name or expressing sounds or words at 2-years of age is indicative of impaired speech development and should be referred for follow-up care. A 2-year old is often shy and characteristically plays next to children, but not with other children. Potty training is often not achieved until 3 years of age" "Which is a developmental hallmark of a toddler that lads to increased hazards? a)brief attention span b)need for ritual c)fluc appetite d)need to explore - Correct Answer d)need to explore Nurses have an important responsibility to review injury prevention with parents during each clinic visit. The normal characteristics of a toddler, including curiosity, mobility, and negativity, make the toddler more prone to injuries. These injuries often occur in and around the home." "When selecting play activities for a healthy 4yo, a parent should be guided to understanding that the 4yo enjoys doing which of the following? a)solitary play sitting next to a friend b)coop play with friends c)competitive play with friends d)observing rather than participating - Correct Answer b)coop play with friends The preschool child gradually moves from parallel and associative play to cooperative play with playmates. The play of preschool children should be noncompetitive. One of the major tasks of the preschool child includes development of cooperative play." "A nurse is guiding a parent to manage enuresis in their child. What is the most appropriate suggestion? a) wake the child often and take then to void b) limit liquids after dinner and have child void before bed c) use a consistent disciplinary technique every time the bed is wet d) keep the child in diapers until the bed wetting stops - Correct Answer b) limit liquids after dinner and have child void before bed It is essential that the child with enuresis be the centre of the management program. The positive approach of rewarding dry nights and charting progress is very helpful. Liquids after dinner should be limited, and the child should routinely void before going to bed." "A parent wants to know if her 3yo can have screen time since her big brother uses the tablet. What is an appropriate answer by the nurse? (select all that apply) a) limit screen time to 1h per day of good quality programs b) parents should be present when child is using tablet c) screen time should be balanced with active play during day d) offering screen time gives the parent a chance to rest - Correct Answer a) limit screen time to 1h per day of good quality programs, b) parents should be present when child is using tablet, c) screen time should be balanced with active play during day All suggestions are strongly recommended when young children experiencing screen time as part of their play." "What is Eriksons stage for Infant? - Correct Answer trust vs mistrust" "What is Eriksons stage for Toddler? - Correct Answer autonomy vs shame/doubt" "What is Eriksons stage for preschooler? - Correct Answer initiative vs guilt" "What is Eriksons stage for School age? - Correct Answer industry vs inferiority" "What is Eriksons stage for adolescent? - Correct Answer identity vs role confusion" "How much of a childs blood vol can they lose before you see a change in BP? - Correct Answer 30%" "What age should a child be able to hold head erect and at midline? - Correct Answer 4mos" "Which is a task of adolescence per Erikson's theory? a)finding an identity b)sexual latency c) heterosexuality d) concrete operations - Correct Answer a)finding an identity The major tasks of adolescence include establishing an identity, separating from family, initiating intimacy, and developing career choices for economic independence. Erikson identifies the major task of this group as identity versus role confusion. Emancipation is a critical element in the establishment of identity." "What are the stages of separation anxiety in the toddler? a)protest, despair, detachment b)denial, dependence, submission c)protest, sadness, despair d)despair, anxiety, regression - Correct Answer a)protest, despair, detachment" "Assessment of pain in an infant: a) cannot be reliably assessed b) will not be remembered by the infant c) can be assessed through bx observation d) is usually caused by fear and anxiety - Correct Answer c) can be assessed through bx observation In infants, pain may be assessed according to a behaviour scale that includes tightly closed eyes, clenched fists, and a furrowed brow." "What is the best way to minimize separation anxiety in a hospitalizd toddler? a) explain routines carefully b) encourage parent to room in c) provide age-appropriate roomate d) provide age-appropriate toy(s) - Correct Answer b) encourage parent to room in Rooming-in is highly desirable. When rooming-in is impossible, consistent caregivers should be assigned to care for the child and the parents." "The nurse considers what "rites of passage" are valued by the adolescent in American society? Select all that apply. a)Obtaining a driver's license b)Selection of a career c)Religious affiliation d)Attaining legal drinking age e)High school graduation - Correct Answer a)Obtaining a driver's license d)Attaining legal drinking age e)High school graduation Rites of passage are socially recognized milestones that signify adulthood. Legal drinking age, driver's license, and matriculation through high school are such signals. Religious affiliation and selection of a career path do not necessarily signal adulthood." "A 16-year-old excitedly tells his parents that he was offered a part-time job. Which response represents an effective problem-solving approach for his parents? a)"We want you to put your earnings in a savings account." b)"Your studies are too important for you to have a part-time job." c)"How do you think you will manage your school work and a job?" d)"When we went to high school, academics were the adolescent's priority." - Correct Answer c)"How do you think you will manage your school work and a job?"" "The nurse is planning to teach parents about preventing sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Significant information would include: a)placing infants on their backs or sides for sleep. b)wrapping the infant snugly for rest periods c)positioning the infant prone for sleep. d)sitting the infant up in an infant seat. - Correct Answer a)placing infants on their backs or sides for sleep." "The nurse caring for a child with nephrotic syndrome is alert to which classic symptoms of this disorder? Select all that apply. a)Generalized edema b)Hyperalbuminemia c)Proteinuria d)Grossly bloody urine e)Normal blood pressure. - Correct Answer a)Generalized edema c)Proteinuria d)Grossly bloody urine e)Normal blood pressure." "The mother of a 7-month-old states, "The baby is eating food now. Should I give him regular milk, too?" The nurse would respond: a)"You should give the baby low-fat milk." b)"Try the milk. See if he has any digestive problems." c)"Continue breast milk or iron-fortified formula until 1 year of age." d)"At this age, infants can tolerate lactose-free or soy-based milk." - Correct Answer c)"Continue breast milk or iron-fortified formula until 1 year of age."" "When talking with a parent about tooth eruption, the nurse explains that usually the first deciduous teeth to erupt are the _____ incisors. a)upper central b)lower lateral c)upper lateral d)lower central - Correct Answer d)lower central" "The family of a child receiving chemotherapy for leukemia should be taught to focus on which aspect(s) of the child's care? Select all that apply. a)Using a support group b)Stimulating appetite c)Continuing with scheduled immunizations d)Maintaining adequate hydration e)Reporting exposure to infectious diseases - Correct Answer a)Using a support group b)Stimulating appetite d)Maintaining adequate hydration e)Reporting exposure to infectious diseases" "The abnormal finding in an evaluation of growth and development for a 6-month-old infant would be.... - Correct Answer Head lag present The infant should be holding the head up well by 5 months of age. If head lag is present at 6 months, the child should undergo further evaluation." "When the nurse notes that an infant can lift her head before she can sit, the nurse is assessing _____ development. - Correct Answer cephalocaudal" "When a father asks why his child with tetralogy of Fallot seems to favor a squatting position, the nurse would explain that squatting: - Correct Answer increases venous return" "Why would the nurse urge the family of a dying 12-year-old boy to include his 8-year-old sister in care? Select all that apply. a)She can experience being supportive of her parents and brother. b)She will feel less neglected by the parents. c)She can express her feelings through care. d)She will feel less helpless. e)She can make amends for past hostilities to her brother. - Correct Answer ALL ANSWERS" "The nurse planning a seminar on safety for the preschooler will focus what aspect(s)? Select all that apply. a)Falls b)Abductions c)Vehicles and pedestrian d)Burns e)Poisonings - Correct Answer ALL ANSWERS" "How would the nurse caring for an infant with congestive heart failure (CHF) modify feeding techniques to adapt for the child's weakness and fatigue? Select all that apply. a)Using a soft nipple with enlarged holes b)Feeding more frequently with smaller feedings c)Holding and cuddling the child during feeding d)Offering high-caloric formula - Correct Answer ALL ANSWERS Infants with CHF fatigue easily. Feeding can be given more frequently in smaller amounts through a soft large-holed nipple. Formulas with a denser caloric content can be offered. The child may be encouraged to nurse if he or she is held." "When feeding a child with pyloric stenosis, what interventions will the nurse perform? Select all that apply. a)place child on the L side b)Give the feeding slowly. c)Burp the infant before and during feeding. d)Refeed if the infant vomits. - Correct Answer b)Give the feeding slowly. c)Burp the infant before and during feeding. d)Refeed if the infant vomits. Children with pyloric stenosis are given formula thickened with cereal; the infant is burped before and during feeding to get rid of any gas in the stomach; the infant is fed slowly and refed if vomiting occurs. The infant is positioned on the right side to allow the weight of the feeding to stay in the stomach against the pyloric valve." "T he nurse reminds to the adolescent with diabetes that soluble fiber in the diet can reduce what? Select all that apply. a)Insulin requirements b)Blood glucose c)Serum cholesterol d)Absorption of sugar - Correct Answer ALL ANSWERS" "What intervention(s) would the nurse caring for a child with infectious meningitis include? Select all that apply. a)Observation for increasing intracranial pressure b)Isolation precautions c)Preparation for spinal tap d)Provision of dimly lit room e)Seizure precautions - Correct Answer ALL ASNWERS" "The nurse understands that no matter the reason for the young child being hospitalized, the basic fears are: - Correct Answer Pain, body intrusion, separation" "A parent comments that her infant has had several ear infections in the past few months. The nurse understands that infants are more susceptible to otitis media because: - Correct Answer Children have shorter, straighter eustachian tubes" "How does the pediatric skeletal system differ from that of the adult? Select all that apply. a)Lower mineral content b)Greater strength c)Open epiphyses d)Mostly cartilage - Correct Answer a)Lower mineral content b)Greater strength c)Open epiphyses The child's skeletal system has less mineral content, greater porosity, open epiphyses, greater bone strength, and a thicker periosteum." "The child with Duchenne's muscular dystrophy must push on his legs and "walk up the leg" in order to rise to a standing position. The nurse recognizes this characteristic behavior as _______________ maneuver. - Correct Answer Gowers" "A hospitalized toddler was drinking from a cup at home, but now refuses to drink from anything except his favorite bottle. This is because the toddler is: - Correct Answer Dealing with the anxiety of hospitalization by regressing. Hospitalization is frustrating for toddlers. They show their displeasure when illness restricts satisfaction of their desires. It is not unusual for a toddler who was drinking from a cup to refuse it in the hospital." "A child develops carditis from rheumatic fever. The nurse knows that the areas of the heart affected by carditis are the: - Correct Answer heart muscle and the mitral valve." "The nurse includes playing in the plan of care for a 5-year-old because play allows the child to do what? Select all that apply. a)Assume a role and act it out b)Employs magical thinking c)Interact with other children d)Offers an emotional outlet. e)Exercise his imagination - Correct Answer ALL ANSWERS" "The pediatric nurse reminds a group of parents that children differ from adults in what way(s)? Select all that apply. a)Less mature organ systems b)Continuously changing growth and development pattern c)Higher metabolic rate d)More fluid reserves e)Greater surface area in relation to their weight - Correct Answer a)Less mature organ systems b)Continuously changing growth and development pattern c)Higher metabolic rate e)Greater surface area in relation to their weight" "The nurse would suggest to the parents of an asthmatic child to encourage participation in which sport(s)? Select all that apply. Swimming Gymnastics Baseball Distance running Cross-country skiing - Correct Answer Swimming Gymnastics Baseball" "When a 13-year-old girl is diagnosed with functional scoliosis, the nurse would explain the spinal curvature defect is usually caused by: juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. myelomeningocele. poor posture. heredity - Correct Answer poor posture." "To facilitate digestion and absorption of nutrients, the nurse teaches the child with cystic fibrosis that she needs to take: fat-soluble vitamins salt supplements. pancreatic enzymes. water-soluble minerals. - Correct Answer pancreatic enzymes." "A 6-year-old child with daytime enuresis complains of dysuria and urgency; the nurse recognizes these as signs and symptoms of: vesicoureteral reflux. acute glomerulonephritis. urinary tract infection. nephrotic syndrome. - Correct Answer UTI" "A frightened mother calls the pediatrician's office because her child swallowed dishwashing detergent. The most appropriate action is to: induce vomiting by giving the child syrup of ipecac. give the child milk to soothe affected mucous membranes. take the child to the local emergency department. give the child activated charcoal mixed with juice. - Correct Answer take the child to the local emergency department." "The nurse explains that febrile seizures: usually lead to the development of epilepsy. can be prevented by anticonvulsant medication. occur when the temperature rises quickly. occur when the body temperature exceeds 38.3° C (101° F). - Correct Answer occur when the temperature rises quickly." "The nurse observed three toddlers playing side by side with dolls. Closer observation revealed that the children were not interacting with one another. This type of play would be characterized as: - Correct Answer Parallel play" "In caring for a 3-year-old with a head injury, the nurse would report the probability of increasing intracranial pressure (ICP) based on the assessment of: increase in blood pressure with an attendant decrease in pulse rate. increase in respirations. equilateral pupils. temperature increase from 37.2° C (99° F) to 37.7° C (100° F). - Correct Answer increase in blood pressure with an attendant decrease in pulse rate." "The nurse warns that keeping diabetes in control in an adolescent is made difficult by what? Select all that apply. Growth spurts Preference for fast food Denial of disease Developmental conflicts Hormonal changes - Correct Answer Growth spurts Preference for fast food Denial of disease Hormonal changesCapillary refill is 5 seconds. Limb is cool to the touch." "An appropriate intervention for a 3-month-old infant who has gastroesophageal reflux is to: a)give thin rice cereal with formula before feeding solid foods. b)position the infant in the crib on his or her abdomen, with the head elevated. c)administer medication as ordered to stimulate the pyloric sphincter. d)place the infant in an infant seat after feeding - Correct Answer position the infant in the crib on his or her abdomen, with the head elevated." "When assessing a 13-year-old boy, the nurse would keep in mind physical changes in the pubertal male begin with: enlargement of penis. development of axillary and facial hair. enlargement of testicles. pigmentation of the scrotum. - Correct Answer enlargement of testicles." "The nurse is aware that genitourinary surgery is especially stressful for preschool children because of what factor(s)? Select all that apply. They are embarrassed by having their genitals exposed. They have a fear of castration. They may perceive the treatment as punishment. They are especially prone to separation anxiety. They are sexually curious and developmentally fixated on their genitals. - Correct Answer ALL ANSWERS" "The nurse planning postoperative teaching for a child who has had a tympanostomy with insertion of tubes would include: giving over-the-counter decongestants cleaning the ear canal with cotton-tipped applicators. avoiding getting water in the ears. keeping the infant flat after feeding. - Correct Answer avoiding getting water in the ears." "A mother reports that she has a new job and her 12-year-old child is home alone for a time after school. The statement made by the parent, indicating a potentially unsafe situation for this child, is: "I told him that he could invite a few friends after school." "Last week we made a first aid kit together." "There is a neighbor available in case of an emergency." "I put a list of emergency numbers next to the telephone." - Correct Answer "I told him that he could invite a few friends after school."" "A mother confides in the school nurse that she witnessed her son kissing another boy. On which of these concepts should the nurse base his reply? Select all that apply. Parents should seek a support group for parents of gays. Homosexuality is a mental disorder Homosexual behavior in adolescents is not uncommon. Adolescents often desire to explore alternative lifestyles. Homosexual tendencies should be addressed with counseling. - Correct Answer Homosexual behavior in adolescents is not uncommon. Adolescents often desire to explore alternative lifestyles." "The nurse reminds the parents of a diabetic with an insulin pump that the tubing of the pump should be changed aseptically every ______ hours. - Correct Answer 48" "What intervention(s) would the nurse caring for a child with infectious meningitis include? Select all that apply. Seizure precautions Provision of dimly lit room Preparation for spinal tap Observation for increasing intracranial pressure Isolation precautions - Correct Answer Seizure precautions Provision of dimly lit room Preparation for spinal tap Observation for increasing intracranial pressure" "The nurse performing a neurovascular check on a limb in traction would report and document which finding(s) as indicative of altered circulation? Select all that apply. Pulse is equal to uncasted limb. Capillary refill is 5 seconds. Patient is aware of touch and warm and cold application. Limb is cool to the touch. Distal limb can flex and extend. - Correct Answer Capillary refill is 5 seconds. Limb is cool to the touch."