NFDN 2003 Unit 6 - Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance Exam Q’s and A’s

NFDN 2003 Unit 6 - Fluid, Electrolyte, and
Acid-Base Balance Exam Q’s and A’s

Intravenous (IV) - -into a vein

- venipuncture - -puncture of a vein to remove blood, instill a medication, or
start an intravenous infusion

- Sodium - -Na; 135-145 mEq/L

- Potassium - -K; 3.5-5.0

- Chloride - -Cl; major negative ion in the body

- Magnesium - -Mg2+

- Calcium - -Ca2+

- Hyponatremia - -deficient sodium in the blood

- Hypernatremia - -high sodium

- Hypokalemia - -deficient potassium in the blood; most common cause is
diuretics

- Hyperkalemia - -excessive potassium in the blood; most common causes
are medications and renal failure

- Hypocalcemia - -deficient calcium in the blood; can be caused by
parathyroid injury and medications

- Hypercalcemia - -excessive calcium in the blood; can be caused by cancer
(especially with bone metastases)

- Hypomagnesemia - -insufficient amount of magnesium in the extracellular
fluid

- Hypermagnesemia - -excess of magnesium in the extracellular fluid

- Hypotonic - -Having a lower concentration of solute than another solution
(e.g. 0.45% saline)

- Hypertonic - -Having a higher concentration of solute than another
solution (e.g. 10% dextrose in water, D10W)