SPEX 202 Exam 299 Questions with Verified Answers
Movement constraints - CORRECT ANSWER Organism
Task
Environment
= movement behaviour
Brenstein's problem - degrees of Freedom - CORRECT ANSWER Movement
possibilities of the musculoskeletal system
- number of degrees of freedom = the possible axes of rotation + directions of
linear motion
Bernstein's problem - CORRECT ANSWER Affordances
- opportunities for action within the environment
Coordinating structures
- functional relationships between parts of the motor system
Redundancy
- many different ways to achieve a task
Coordination -> control -> skill
Motor control - CORRECT ANSWER The study of the neural, physical, and
behavioural aspects of human
Motor development - CORRECT ANSWER The study of the products and
underlying processes of motor behaviour changes across the life span
Motor learning - CORRECT ANSWER The study of the processes involved in the
acquisition of a motor skill and the factors that enhance or inhibit an individual's
capability to perform a motor skill
The field of motor control considers - CORRECT ANSWER Nature of movement
- involve many different system
,Motor system structures
- brain sections
Processes/ mechanisms
- how people prepare the movement
Key issues in motor control - CORRECT ANSWER Degree of freedom problem
- how do we constrain the very large number of degrees of freedom to produce
coordinate movement
- redundancy/ abundance
Juggling
Serial order problem
- how do we sequence and time our movements appropriately
Hockey coach says to players to pick up their stocky hicks, instead of their hockey
sticks
Perceptual motor integration
- how does perception influence motor behaviour and vice versa
Moving rooms
Movement behaviour - brain, sensory receptors, nerves and muscles
How can we measure control - CORRECT ANSWER E.g. Peripheral actions
EMG - freeing/ freezing degrees of freedom
- patterns
- amplitude of muscle activity
- timing
- EMG in sport research
- hamstring behaviour and activity in sprinting
- injuries
T1 ->
- action pulse - agonist (triceps)
- amplitude ( biceps )
T3<-
,- clamping pulse
T2<-
- braking pulse (antagonist)
Stages of learning - CORRECT ANSWER Cognitive
- getting the data
- organising coordinative structures
- trail and error
- awkward
- inefficient
Motor
- more control
- adaptable
- fewer errors
- more relaxed
Skilled
- nearly automatic
- fluid
- efficient
- accurate
- consistent
Transfer
+VE= learning of one skill enhances the performance of another
Horizontal = skills are able to be used in a different context
Motor skill classification - skills - CORRECT ANSWER Voluntary, goal directed
movements that have been learned
- requires activation/ control of the limbs by perceptual motor system
FMS
- locomotion - walking skipping, running
- object control - throwing, catching
Sport skills
, - cognitive skills
- perceptual skills
- motor skills
Motor skill classification - Abilities - CORRECT ANSWER Genetically predetermined
characteristics that affect performance
- agility
- strength
- flexibility
Fleishman's taxonomy
- perceptual motor abilities
Including control precision, rate controls, response orientation
- Physical proficiency
Including balance, explosive strength, endurance
Motor skill classification - environmental predictability - CORRECT ANSWER - open
skills ( football pass or soccer shot)
- closed skills ( bowling or yoga)
Motor skill classification- nature of the skill - CORRECT ANSWER - continuous skills
( running )
- discrete skills ( throwing catching )
- serial skills ( wrestling takedown or basketball )
Motor skill classification - movement precision - CORRECT ANSWER - fine motor
skills ( playing piano or writing )
- gross motor skills (kicking or striking)
Motor skill classification - time constraint taxonomy - CORRECT ANSWER - self
paced skills ( foul shot or golf swing)
- externally paced skill ( batting or hockey shot)
The field of motor development considers - CORRECT ANSWER The common and
characteristic changes in behaviour, function, and appearance across the life span
Phylogeny - evolutionary development of a species
Movement constraints - CORRECT ANSWER Organism
Task
Environment
= movement behaviour
Brenstein's problem - degrees of Freedom - CORRECT ANSWER Movement
possibilities of the musculoskeletal system
- number of degrees of freedom = the possible axes of rotation + directions of
linear motion
Bernstein's problem - CORRECT ANSWER Affordances
- opportunities for action within the environment
Coordinating structures
- functional relationships between parts of the motor system
Redundancy
- many different ways to achieve a task
Coordination -> control -> skill
Motor control - CORRECT ANSWER The study of the neural, physical, and
behavioural aspects of human
Motor development - CORRECT ANSWER The study of the products and
underlying processes of motor behaviour changes across the life span
Motor learning - CORRECT ANSWER The study of the processes involved in the
acquisition of a motor skill and the factors that enhance or inhibit an individual's
capability to perform a motor skill
The field of motor control considers - CORRECT ANSWER Nature of movement
- involve many different system
,Motor system structures
- brain sections
Processes/ mechanisms
- how people prepare the movement
Key issues in motor control - CORRECT ANSWER Degree of freedom problem
- how do we constrain the very large number of degrees of freedom to produce
coordinate movement
- redundancy/ abundance
Juggling
Serial order problem
- how do we sequence and time our movements appropriately
Hockey coach says to players to pick up their stocky hicks, instead of their hockey
sticks
Perceptual motor integration
- how does perception influence motor behaviour and vice versa
Moving rooms
Movement behaviour - brain, sensory receptors, nerves and muscles
How can we measure control - CORRECT ANSWER E.g. Peripheral actions
EMG - freeing/ freezing degrees of freedom
- patterns
- amplitude of muscle activity
- timing
- EMG in sport research
- hamstring behaviour and activity in sprinting
- injuries
T1 ->
- action pulse - agonist (triceps)
- amplitude ( biceps )
T3<-
,- clamping pulse
T2<-
- braking pulse (antagonist)
Stages of learning - CORRECT ANSWER Cognitive
- getting the data
- organising coordinative structures
- trail and error
- awkward
- inefficient
Motor
- more control
- adaptable
- fewer errors
- more relaxed
Skilled
- nearly automatic
- fluid
- efficient
- accurate
- consistent
Transfer
+VE= learning of one skill enhances the performance of another
Horizontal = skills are able to be used in a different context
Motor skill classification - skills - CORRECT ANSWER Voluntary, goal directed
movements that have been learned
- requires activation/ control of the limbs by perceptual motor system
FMS
- locomotion - walking skipping, running
- object control - throwing, catching
Sport skills
, - cognitive skills
- perceptual skills
- motor skills
Motor skill classification - Abilities - CORRECT ANSWER Genetically predetermined
characteristics that affect performance
- agility
- strength
- flexibility
Fleishman's taxonomy
- perceptual motor abilities
Including control precision, rate controls, response orientation
- Physical proficiency
Including balance, explosive strength, endurance
Motor skill classification - environmental predictability - CORRECT ANSWER - open
skills ( football pass or soccer shot)
- closed skills ( bowling or yoga)
Motor skill classification- nature of the skill - CORRECT ANSWER - continuous skills
( running )
- discrete skills ( throwing catching )
- serial skills ( wrestling takedown or basketball )
Motor skill classification - movement precision - CORRECT ANSWER - fine motor
skills ( playing piano or writing )
- gross motor skills (kicking or striking)
Motor skill classification - time constraint taxonomy - CORRECT ANSWER - self
paced skills ( foul shot or golf swing)
- externally paced skill ( batting or hockey shot)
The field of motor development considers - CORRECT ANSWER The common and
characteristic changes in behaviour, function, and appearance across the life span
Phylogeny - evolutionary development of a species
