MICROBIOLOGY CHAPTER 14: Questions and Answers
acute disease - ansone that develops rapidly and lasts a short time ex. common cold
adhesion - ansprocess by which microorganisms attach themselves to cells
airborne transmission - ansspread of pathogen to respiratory mucous membranes via aerosols.
antitoxins - ansantibodies that bind to toxins and neutralize them
asymptomatic infections - anslack of symptoms but may still have signs of infection
avirulent - ansharmless unable to make adhesins or attachment proteins
chronic disease - ansone that develops slowly and last a long time ex. hep c, tuberculosis, leprosy and mono
coagulase - ansextracellular enzyme that causes coagulation to surround bacteria and protect them from body
defenses
collagenase - ansextracellular enzyme that digests collagen
commensalism - ansone organism benefits from relationship and the other neither benefits or is harmed
communicable disease - ansone transmitted from an infected host directly or indirectly to another example
influenza, herpes
convalescence - anstime when host recovers tissues repaired and body begins to return to normal
,cytotoxins - anskill host cells or impair their ability to function
decline - anstime when immune response peaks and or medical treatment overcomes pathogen
Define Disease - ansAny change from a state of heath. A disease may, but not always, result from infection
Define Infection - ansRefers to the colonization of the body by an microorganism
endotoxins - anslipid portion of lipopolysaccharide of outer membrane of gram - bacteria released when cells
die
enterotoxins - ansadversely affect cells lining the gi tract
epidemiology - ansstudy of where and when diseases occur and thow they are transmitted within populations
etiology - ansstudy of cause of disease
exotoxins - ansproteins or peptides secreted by microorganisms that destroy host cells or interfere with their
metabolism
food-borne transmission - ansspread of pathogens in or on food
how do antiphagocytic chemicals stop phagocytosis - ansprevent fusion of lysosomeand phagocytic vesicles to
block digestion of microbe
how does a bacterial capsule stop phagocytosis - ansmade up of chemicals found in the body so it is not
recognized as foreign also it is slippery
, how does a pathogen leave the host - ansby portals of exit many of the same portals of entry
how far do droplet transmissions travel - ansless than one meter
hyaluronidase - ansextracellular enzyme that breaks down hyaluronic acid which holds animal cells together
illness - anstime of most severe symptom and signs host immune response not at its maximum
incubation period - anstime between infection and appearance of first symptoms or signs of disease
infectious disease transmission - anstransmission form either a reservoir or from hosts portal of exit
is adhesion required to sucessfully est colonies within a host - ansyes
is the host usually infectious during all stages of disease - ansyes
kinases - ansextracellular enzyme that breaks up blood clots, enabling bacteria to spread
latent disease - ansone that appears a long time after infection due to the inactivity of the pathogen ex herpes
infection
mechanical vectors - ansthose that transmit pathogens passively by carrying them on their body parts
most resident microbiota are _______ - anscommensal
mutualism - ansboth organisms benefit from the relationship
acute disease - ansone that develops rapidly and lasts a short time ex. common cold
adhesion - ansprocess by which microorganisms attach themselves to cells
airborne transmission - ansspread of pathogen to respiratory mucous membranes via aerosols.
antitoxins - ansantibodies that bind to toxins and neutralize them
asymptomatic infections - anslack of symptoms but may still have signs of infection
avirulent - ansharmless unable to make adhesins or attachment proteins
chronic disease - ansone that develops slowly and last a long time ex. hep c, tuberculosis, leprosy and mono
coagulase - ansextracellular enzyme that causes coagulation to surround bacteria and protect them from body
defenses
collagenase - ansextracellular enzyme that digests collagen
commensalism - ansone organism benefits from relationship and the other neither benefits or is harmed
communicable disease - ansone transmitted from an infected host directly or indirectly to another example
influenza, herpes
convalescence - anstime when host recovers tissues repaired and body begins to return to normal
,cytotoxins - anskill host cells or impair their ability to function
decline - anstime when immune response peaks and or medical treatment overcomes pathogen
Define Disease - ansAny change from a state of heath. A disease may, but not always, result from infection
Define Infection - ansRefers to the colonization of the body by an microorganism
endotoxins - anslipid portion of lipopolysaccharide of outer membrane of gram - bacteria released when cells
die
enterotoxins - ansadversely affect cells lining the gi tract
epidemiology - ansstudy of where and when diseases occur and thow they are transmitted within populations
etiology - ansstudy of cause of disease
exotoxins - ansproteins or peptides secreted by microorganisms that destroy host cells or interfere with their
metabolism
food-borne transmission - ansspread of pathogens in or on food
how do antiphagocytic chemicals stop phagocytosis - ansprevent fusion of lysosomeand phagocytic vesicles to
block digestion of microbe
how does a bacterial capsule stop phagocytosis - ansmade up of chemicals found in the body so it is not
recognized as foreign also it is slippery
, how does a pathogen leave the host - ansby portals of exit many of the same portals of entry
how far do droplet transmissions travel - ansless than one meter
hyaluronidase - ansextracellular enzyme that breaks down hyaluronic acid which holds animal cells together
illness - anstime of most severe symptom and signs host immune response not at its maximum
incubation period - anstime between infection and appearance of first symptoms or signs of disease
infectious disease transmission - anstransmission form either a reservoir or from hosts portal of exit
is adhesion required to sucessfully est colonies within a host - ansyes
is the host usually infectious during all stages of disease - ansyes
kinases - ansextracellular enzyme that breaks up blood clots, enabling bacteria to spread
latent disease - ansone that appears a long time after infection due to the inactivity of the pathogen ex herpes
infection
mechanical vectors - ansthose that transmit pathogens passively by carrying them on their body parts
most resident microbiota are _______ - anscommensal
mutualism - ansboth organisms benefit from the relationship
