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Convict Colony - ✔✔
Chumash Rebellion - ✔✔The Chumash revolt of 1824 was an uprising of the Chumash
Native Americans against the Spanish and Mexican presence in their ancestral lands.
Seculatization of missions - ✔✔Between 1834 and 1836, the Mexican government
confiscated California mission properties and exiled the Franciscan friars. The missions
were secularized--broken up and their property sold or given away to private citizens.
Secularization was supposed to return the land to the Indians.
Mission Indians - ✔✔Spanish explorers arrived on California's coasts as early as the
mid-16th century. In 1769 the first Spanish Franciscan mission was built in San Diego.
Local tribes were relocated and conscripted into forced labor on the mission, stretching
from San Diego to San Francisco. Disease, starvation, over work, and torture decimated
these tribes.[1] Many were baptized as Roman Catholics by the Franciscan missionaries
at the missions.
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,Californios - ✔✔Californios as "persons of Spanish or Mexican heritage whose place of
birth or residence was California, as distinct from residents who went to California
from the U.S. or elsewhere
John C Fremont - ✔✔Frémont was convicted in court martial for mutiny and
insubordination over a conflict of who was the military Governor of California.
Bear Flaggers - ✔✔During the Bear Flag Revolt, from June to July 1846, a small group of
American settlers in California rebelled against the Mexican government and
proclaimed California an independent republic. The republic was short-lived because
soon after the Bear Flag was raised, the U.S. military began occupying California, which
went on to join the union in 1850. The Bear Flag became the official state flag in 1911.
Gold Rush - ✔✔The Gold Rush had severe effects on Native Californians and resulted
in a precipitous population decline from disease, genocide and starvation. By the time it
ended, California had gone from a thinly populated ex-Mexican territory to the home
state of the first nominee for the Republican Party.
Cholos - ✔✔a Latin American with Indian blood; a mestizo
Foreign Miner's Tax - ✔✔In 1850 the first California state legislature passed the first
Foreign Miners Tax Law, levying a twenty dollars per month tax on each foreigner
engaged in mining. A revolt resulted and it was repealed in 1851. The Foreign Miners
Tax Law was reenacted in 1852.
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, California Land act of 1851 - ✔✔The United States, having ratified the Treaty of
Guadalupe Hidalgo that ended the Mexican-American War, chose to disregard those
Articles of the Treaty that promised to honor the ownership of existing Spanish and
Mexican land grants with its own Land Claims Act of 1851
Civil Practice Act of 1850 - ✔✔Originally, the CCP was the codification of the Practice
Act of 1851, as amended and revised. In turn, the Practice Act had been modeled after
the New York Code of Civil Procedure of 1850, which was largely drafted by the law
reformer David Dudley Field II.
1855 Greaser Act - ✔✔The Anti-Vagrancy Act, also known as the Greaser Act, was
enacted in 1855 in California, to target those of Mexican descent, among others, by
legalizing the arrest of those perceived as violating its anti-vagrancy statute
Josefa Segovia - ✔✔also more commonly known as "Juanita", was a Mexican-American
woman who was executed by hanging in Downieville, California on July 5, 1851. ... She
is known to be the first and only woman to be hanged in California.
Lynching - ✔✔As well as being hanged, victims were sometimes burned alive and
tortured, with body parts removed and kept as souvenirs
Vigilantism - ✔✔"Vigilante justice" is often rationalized by the concept that proper legal
forms of criminal punishment are either nonexistent, insufficient, or inefficient.
Vigilantes normally see the government as ineffective in enforcing the law; such
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