Cardiovascular Physiology Exam 3 Questions
And Answers Latest 2025
What is the Bayliss myogenic response? What happens
intracellularly to an arterial myocyte (smooth muscle cell) when it is
stretched? -
correct answer ✅The Bayliss myogenic response is when arterial
blood vessels contract when BP is raised. L-type Ca++ channels are
activated producing an increase in cytosolic Ca++ resulting in
contraction.
An increase in SNS activity will result in what outcomes for blood
flow to skeletal muscle, brain and splanchnic circulation; central
blood volume (venous return); SV; BP? Which receptors on the
arterial myocytes are primarily activated? -
correct answer ✅Arterial vasoconstriction and venoconstriction
occurs via activation of α1 receptors, which decreases blood flow to
the skeletal muscle, brain and splanchnic circulation while
increasing venous return, and thus SV. By itself, this increases SVR
which increases BP. β2 receptors may also be activated but α1
receptors predominate.
Given the SNS response to exercise, how does vasodilation occur in
active muscle during exercise? What is the primary mechanism? -
correct answer ✅Metabolic vasodilators are the primary
mechanism. Epinephrine acting on β2 receptors contributes.
,Cardiovascular Physiology Exam 3 Questions
And Answers Latest 2025
What is indicated if a person presents with both bradycardia and
acute hypertension? Explain the mechanism that produces these
symptoms. -
correct answer ✅The combination of bradycardia and acute
hypertension is the hallmark of a large, space-occupying lesion
(tumor, hemorrhage). Such a lesion raises intracranial pressure and
displaces the brainstem down into the foramen magnum
compressing the vasomotor control centers, which raises peripheral
SNS vasomotor activity and hence BP (Cushing's reflex). The raised
BP helps maintain cerebral perfusion but also evokes bradycardia
via the baroreflex
Discuss mediators of vasodilation and vasoconstriction, the most
common receptors involved and the sites where those receptors
are most abundantly expressed (e.g., norepinephrine binds to α1
receptors, which are abundant in most systemic blood vessels,
triggering vasoconstriction). Also, specifically identify metabolic
vasodilators produced by active skeletal muscle. -
correct answer ✅-Vasoconstrictors: Epinephrine, norepinephrine,
endothelin, thromboxane, ADH, angiotensin II, serotonin,
histamine.
-Vasodilators: extracellular K+ , hypoxia, EDHFs, adenosine, NO,
prostacyclin (PGI2), epinephrine, histamine and metabolic
, Cardiovascular Physiology Exam 3 Questions
And Answers Latest 2025
vasodilators which include K+ , H+ , hypoxia, adenosine, ATP, PO4
ions, hyperosmolarity and H2O2.
-When NE and E bind to α receptors, vasoconstriction occurs. When
they bind to β receptors, vasodilation occurs (don't confuse with
actions on myocardium)
-α and β1 receptors have similar affinity for NE and E (NE and E
have similar potency in activating α and β1 receptors; β2 receptors
have a greater affinity for E (E is more potent in activating β2
receptors than NE).
-α1-receptors are abundant in most systemic blood vessels. α2-
receptors are abundant in cutaneous blood vessels. β1-receptors
are found in the cardiac pacemaker and myocardium. β2-receptors
are abundant in the arterial vessels of myocardium, skeletal muscle
and liver, but are outnumbered by 1-receptors in other blood
vessels.
-Histamine binding to H1 receptors - vasoconstriction; H2 receptors
- vasodilation.
Where are sympathetic vasodilator fibers found in humans? -
correct answer ✅Sweat glands
Epinephrine is released from the ____________ in response to
what kinds of stimuli? What physiological effects does epinephrine
And Answers Latest 2025
What is the Bayliss myogenic response? What happens
intracellularly to an arterial myocyte (smooth muscle cell) when it is
stretched? -
correct answer ✅The Bayliss myogenic response is when arterial
blood vessels contract when BP is raised. L-type Ca++ channels are
activated producing an increase in cytosolic Ca++ resulting in
contraction.
An increase in SNS activity will result in what outcomes for blood
flow to skeletal muscle, brain and splanchnic circulation; central
blood volume (venous return); SV; BP? Which receptors on the
arterial myocytes are primarily activated? -
correct answer ✅Arterial vasoconstriction and venoconstriction
occurs via activation of α1 receptors, which decreases blood flow to
the skeletal muscle, brain and splanchnic circulation while
increasing venous return, and thus SV. By itself, this increases SVR
which increases BP. β2 receptors may also be activated but α1
receptors predominate.
Given the SNS response to exercise, how does vasodilation occur in
active muscle during exercise? What is the primary mechanism? -
correct answer ✅Metabolic vasodilators are the primary
mechanism. Epinephrine acting on β2 receptors contributes.
,Cardiovascular Physiology Exam 3 Questions
And Answers Latest 2025
What is indicated if a person presents with both bradycardia and
acute hypertension? Explain the mechanism that produces these
symptoms. -
correct answer ✅The combination of bradycardia and acute
hypertension is the hallmark of a large, space-occupying lesion
(tumor, hemorrhage). Such a lesion raises intracranial pressure and
displaces the brainstem down into the foramen magnum
compressing the vasomotor control centers, which raises peripheral
SNS vasomotor activity and hence BP (Cushing's reflex). The raised
BP helps maintain cerebral perfusion but also evokes bradycardia
via the baroreflex
Discuss mediators of vasodilation and vasoconstriction, the most
common receptors involved and the sites where those receptors
are most abundantly expressed (e.g., norepinephrine binds to α1
receptors, which are abundant in most systemic blood vessels,
triggering vasoconstriction). Also, specifically identify metabolic
vasodilators produced by active skeletal muscle. -
correct answer ✅-Vasoconstrictors: Epinephrine, norepinephrine,
endothelin, thromboxane, ADH, angiotensin II, serotonin,
histamine.
-Vasodilators: extracellular K+ , hypoxia, EDHFs, adenosine, NO,
prostacyclin (PGI2), epinephrine, histamine and metabolic
, Cardiovascular Physiology Exam 3 Questions
And Answers Latest 2025
vasodilators which include K+ , H+ , hypoxia, adenosine, ATP, PO4
ions, hyperosmolarity and H2O2.
-When NE and E bind to α receptors, vasoconstriction occurs. When
they bind to β receptors, vasodilation occurs (don't confuse with
actions on myocardium)
-α and β1 receptors have similar affinity for NE and E (NE and E
have similar potency in activating α and β1 receptors; β2 receptors
have a greater affinity for E (E is more potent in activating β2
receptors than NE).
-α1-receptors are abundant in most systemic blood vessels. α2-
receptors are abundant in cutaneous blood vessels. β1-receptors
are found in the cardiac pacemaker and myocardium. β2-receptors
are abundant in the arterial vessels of myocardium, skeletal muscle
and liver, but are outnumbered by 1-receptors in other blood
vessels.
-Histamine binding to H1 receptors - vasoconstriction; H2 receptors
- vasodilation.
Where are sympathetic vasodilator fibers found in humans? -
correct answer ✅Sweat glands
Epinephrine is released from the ____________ in response to
what kinds of stimuli? What physiological effects does epinephrine
