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Lecture notes

Macromolecules IB Biology year 1 class notes

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This document provides an in-depth description and explanatios of diffeent concepts such as carbohydrates, metabolism, lipids, amino acids, enzymes, and more.

Institution
Junior / 11th Grade
Module
IB Biology








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Written for

Institution
Junior / 11th grade
Module
IB Biology
School year
3

Document information

Uploaded on
February 23, 2025
Number of pages
2
Written in
2023/2024
Type
Lecture notes
Professor(s)
Jeida pinto
Contains
All classes

Subjects

Content preview

carbohydrates U
simple
carbohydrates
come
ACP M E CU es
monossacnarides Disaccharides polysaccharides




Monossacharides
I Polysaccharides Glycogen

are
severalpolarnydroxygroupsconso hydrophilic in
andsoluble water formchainMaybebranchedunbranchedandcontain
die highly
branched
molecule.at linkages 4 atalinkagesat
manyongroups formhydrogen
can bondswwater
molecules typesofmonosaccharides branchpoints

congenainestructure ring
structure
tobuild
littleenergy storageofcarbohydratesinhumans vertebrates


Easilyreversiblerelease when
e nergy via
d igested hydrolysis g lucoselevels
reaction blood i ncrease
c attereatinglg lycogen

stratchgycogenanacennose
isstoredinliver musclecells
p starch decreaseglycogenis
bloodglucoselevels downto
broken

alanna onpointeddown madeupota
g lucosemonomers release intoblood
glucose
socellscancontinuecellular
Bibetal onpointedup in
storageformatcarbohydrates plants respiration

Bet



gq
excessaucoseisstoreaasstareninpiantpartscroots seeds
H Ooo
It jÉ
twotypes 0000000000
00008000
n 0880880000



É
amylose



af I afd
formed
by of
chains glucosem onomers
unbranched
ooooo
Egg
I inlinicanes
0880888 8800808
O
House Fructose Galactose

Glycogen
i o

if t
o


iii
cmon Cellulose
a
upofBglucosemonomerslinked
made
byeruglycosidicbond
Disaccharides notbranch
does
units
by
j oined carbon carbon
oxygen l inkage tightlyasextendedlong
packed held
chains a djacent each to
known glycosidicbond
Iwgigongaccharide
as Its covalent
a
branchedpolysaccharideculinicagessi linkages otherby rigidity strength
b ondinggivescellulose
hydrogen


atbranchpoints cellwallofplants s upporttocell
celluloseprovides
mostly
formedduringdigestionbynififiysis
ofpolysaccharides 0000000000
starch glycogen ooooo
00100000000
omg n ooo
FEEFEEEEFEED
H 888 8 8
80000000060
0000 00010
on
H OH it on TEIYYEFFEE
Sucrose cellulosefiber
sugar
Y e
byplantsrootsfruitsnectars
produced
mon o o source plant
moose
plant
amorectin
plant animal
servesto
store
energy no of won
subunit moose amuse agarose agarose
chat o Bonds in a manor manor
o o
o on branches
no no res
eperzosmunits one.to

th on u bunits

n o n no on onon non
on cmon
Diagram
IE.EIIEIizE
EIE.EE
Elucoseon glucose 000000000000000000
Lactose amylose
me i iii iii iii
milksugarbeitoccursinmilkofmammels
00000008
of
naturalsynthesis lactoseoccurs
only in


11 00non
tissue
mammary


any
ait.ge it t
o
ÉÉ8jj
Amylopectin
000000
oo


Eactose boaractose oglucose
starch
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