POS Final Exam Study Guide 9.
What are the powers of Congress? - ANS >> Legislative, executive, and judicial powers.
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What is party leadership? - ANS >> Leadership positions within political parties in Congress.
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Understand the relationship between primary elections and ideology - ANS >>
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Soft Money - ANS >> money donated to political parties in a way that leaves the contribution
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
munregulated
Hard Money - ANS >> Political contributions given to a party, candidate, or interest group limited
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in amount and fully disclosed.
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How does a bill become a law? - ANS >> Introduction, committee review, floor debate, voting,
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presidential approval.
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pork barrel spending? - ANS >> Politics—federal spending on projects designed to benefit a
m m m m m m m m m m m m m
mparticular district or set of constituents—has been around since the nineteenth century, when
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mbarrels of salt pork were both a sign of wealth and a system of reward.
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
Tactic to delay or block legislation and government spending on local projects.
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filibuster - ANS >> a parliamentary maneuver used in the Senate to extend debate on a piece of
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
mlegislation as long as possible, typically with the intended purpose of obstructing or killing it
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
What is the role of committees? - ANS >> To collect information through hearings and
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
investigations and draft and report legislation.
m m m m m m
general spending - ANS >> Governments spend money to provide goods and services and
m m m m m m m m m m m m m
mredistribute income. Like government revenues, government expenditures reflect historical and
m m m m m m m m m
mcurrent political decisions but are also highly sensitive to economic developments.
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Revenue Trends - ANS >> -Steady Rise
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-Declining Sales m
-Seasonal Patterns m
What is the primary process and conventions? - ANS >> The primary process and conventions refer
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to the methods and rules used by political parties to select their candidates for elections.
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What are barriers to third party success? - ANS >> winner-take-all election format, ballot access
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laws, debate rules, and the vast resources of the two major parties.
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, Barriers to third party success are obstacles that make it difficult for third party candidates to gain
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msignificant support and win elections.
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What is reapportionment? - ANS >> in which the number of House seats given to each state is
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
adjusted to account for population changes.
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Reapportionment is the process of redistributing seats in a legislative body based on changes in
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
mpopulation.
What is gerrymandering? - ANS >> the manipulation of legislative districts in an attempt to favor a
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
particular candidate
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ie. North Carolina's 12th congressional district between 2003 and 2016 was an example of packing.
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mThe district has predominantly African-American residents who vote for Democrats.
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What is the Electoral College? - ANS >> A body of electors who formally elect the President.
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
What are the barriers and aids to voter turnout? - ANS >> Various factors that either hinder or
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
encourage people to vote.
m m m m
Proportional elections - ANS >> Election system where parties earn seats in the legislature based
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
mon the percentage of votes they earn from voters.
m m m m m m m m
parties advertise who is on their candidate list and voters pick a party.
m m m m m m m m m m m m
first-past-the-post system - ANS >> system in which the winner of an election is the candidate who
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
mwins the greatest number of votes cast, also known as plurality voting
m m m m m m m m m m m
Define civil liberties. - ANS >> Basic individual rights and freedoms protected by law.
m m m m m m m m m m m m m
What does freedom of speech entail? - ANS >> The right to express opinions without censorship or
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
punishment.
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Define religion (Establishment & Free exercise). - ANS >> Government neutrality towards religion
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and the right to practice.
m m m m m
1st Amendment - ANS >> Freedom of Religion, Speech, Press, Assembly, and Petition
m m m m m m m m m m m m
2nd amendment - ANS >> Right to bear arms
m m m m m m m m
5th Amendment - ANS >> Government can't punish anyone without due process., Cannot
m m m m m m m m m m m m
What are the powers of Congress? - ANS >> Legislative, executive, and judicial powers.
m m m m m m m m m m m m m
What is party leadership? - ANS >> Leadership positions within political parties in Congress.
m m m m m m m m m m m m m
Understand the relationship between primary elections and ideology - ANS >>
m m m m m m m m m m m
Soft Money - ANS >> money donated to political parties in a way that leaves the contribution
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
munregulated
Hard Money - ANS >> Political contributions given to a party, candidate, or interest group limited
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
in amount and fully disclosed.
m m m m m
How does a bill become a law? - ANS >> Introduction, committee review, floor debate, voting,
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
presidential approval.
m m
pork barrel spending? - ANS >> Politics—federal spending on projects designed to benefit a
m m m m m m m m m m m m m
mparticular district or set of constituents—has been around since the nineteenth century, when
m m m m m m m m m m m m
mbarrels of salt pork were both a sign of wealth and a system of reward.
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
Tactic to delay or block legislation and government spending on local projects.
m m m m m m m m m m m
filibuster - ANS >> a parliamentary maneuver used in the Senate to extend debate on a piece of
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
mlegislation as long as possible, typically with the intended purpose of obstructing or killing it
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
What is the role of committees? - ANS >> To collect information through hearings and
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
investigations and draft and report legislation.
m m m m m m
general spending - ANS >> Governments spend money to provide goods and services and
m m m m m m m m m m m m m
mredistribute income. Like government revenues, government expenditures reflect historical and
m m m m m m m m m
mcurrent political decisions but are also highly sensitive to economic developments.
m m m m m m m m m m
Revenue Trends - ANS >> -Steady Rise
m m m m m m
-Declining Sales m
-Seasonal Patterns m
What is the primary process and conventions? - ANS >> The primary process and conventions refer
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
to the methods and rules used by political parties to select their candidates for elections.
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
What are barriers to third party success? - ANS >> winner-take-all election format, ballot access
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
laws, debate rules, and the vast resources of the two major parties.
m m m m m m m m m m m m
, Barriers to third party success are obstacles that make it difficult for third party candidates to gain
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
msignificant support and win elections.
m m m m
What is reapportionment? - ANS >> in which the number of House seats given to each state is
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
adjusted to account for population changes.
m m m m m m
Reapportionment is the process of redistributing seats in a legislative body based on changes in
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
mpopulation.
What is gerrymandering? - ANS >> the manipulation of legislative districts in an attempt to favor a
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
particular candidate
m m m
ie. North Carolina's 12th congressional district between 2003 and 2016 was an example of packing.
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
mThe district has predominantly African-American residents who vote for Democrats.
m m m m m m m m m
What is the Electoral College? - ANS >> A body of electors who formally elect the President.
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
What are the barriers and aids to voter turnout? - ANS >> Various factors that either hinder or
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
encourage people to vote.
m m m m
Proportional elections - ANS >> Election system where parties earn seats in the legislature based
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
mon the percentage of votes they earn from voters.
m m m m m m m m
parties advertise who is on their candidate list and voters pick a party.
m m m m m m m m m m m m
first-past-the-post system - ANS >> system in which the winner of an election is the candidate who
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
mwins the greatest number of votes cast, also known as plurality voting
m m m m m m m m m m m
Define civil liberties. - ANS >> Basic individual rights and freedoms protected by law.
m m m m m m m m m m m m m
What does freedom of speech entail? - ANS >> The right to express opinions without censorship or
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
punishment.
m
Define religion (Establishment & Free exercise). - ANS >> Government neutrality towards religion
m m m m m m m m m m m m
and the right to practice.
m m m m m
1st Amendment - ANS >> Freedom of Religion, Speech, Press, Assembly, and Petition
m m m m m m m m m m m m
2nd amendment - ANS >> Right to bear arms
m m m m m m m m
5th Amendment - ANS >> Government can't punish anyone without due process., Cannot
m m m m m m m m m m m m
