Exploring
Anatomy Physiology& in the Laboratory
m m
Core Concepts
m
Sm EmCm Om Nm D Em D m Im Tm Im Om N
Erin C. Amerman
m m
, Exploring
&
Anatomy Physiology
in the Laboratory
m m
Core Conceptsm
SECOND m EDITION
Erin C. Amerman
m m
925m W.m Keny onm Av enue, m Uni tm 12
Englewood,m CO m 80110
w w w .morton-pub.com
,Book Team m
Presidentmand mCEODavidm M.m Ferguson
SeniormAcquisitionsm EditorMartam R.m Pentecost
Developmental mEditor SarahmD.mThomas
Editorial mProjectmManagersTrinamLambert, mRaynamS.mBailey
Production mManager Will mKelley
Production mAssistants JoannemSaliger, mAmy mHeeter
Covermand mIllustrations ImagineeringmMediamServices, mInc.
Dedication
FormDoug mMorton,mwhose msupportmofm
my mvision,mcommitmentmtomthis mbook,m
and mbeliefminmthemvaluemofmhighermeduc
ationmtomtransformmlivesmwillmnotmbe mfo
rgotten.
FormElise,mwhomperformsmamazing mfeats m
withmthe mhumanmbody.
Copyrightm ©m 2018,m2014m by m Mortonm Publishingm Company
All mrights mreserved.mNompartmofmthis mpublicationmmay mbemreproduced, mstoredminmamretriev al ms
ystem, mormtransmitted, minmany mformmormby many mmeans, melectronic, mmechanical, mphotocopying
,mrecordingmormotherwise, mwithoutmthempriormwrittenmpermissionmofmthempublisher.
PrintedminmthemUnitedmStates mofmAmerica
10m m 9m m 7m m 6m m 5m m 4m m 3m m
8 2m m 1
ISBN-10: 1-61731-780-2
ISBN-13: 978-1-61731-780-4
Library m ofm Congress m Control m Number:m 2017962086
, Preface
I firstmstartedmwritingmlabmproceduresmformmymstudentsm15myearsmagominmresponsemtomfrustr
ationmmymstudentsmandmI mweremfeelingmwithmthemanatomymandmphysiologymlabmandmthemacc
ompanying
labmmanual.mMymstudentsmwanted—andmneeded—
focusedmactivities,mclearmobjectivesmandmexplanations,mandmexercisesmthatmenabledmthemmt
omappreciatemthemoften-
missedm“bigmpicture”mofmA&P.mNonemofmthemavailablemlabmmanualsmprovidedmthis,msomImwa
smleftmwithmnomchoicembutmtomwritemmymownmlabmprocedures.mThemresultsmofmmymeffortsm
weremwellmworthmit,masmmymstudentsmweremengagedmandmactivemthementiremlabmperiod.mTh
eirmlabmandmclassmgradesmimproved.
Inm2003,mI mmetmwithmDavidmFerguson,mnowmthempresidentmofmMortonmPublishingmCompa
ny,mandmhemofferedmmemamdream mopportunity:mtomsharemmymexercisesmwithmstudentsmandmins
tructorsmthroughout mthemcountry.mThemresultmofmthatmmeetingmwasmthemtextmExercisesmform th
emAnatomymandmPhysiologymLaboratory,mamsimplemblack-and-
whitemmanualmwithmfocusedmactivities.mMymgoalmwithmthismbookmwasmtomsolvemthemteachingm
problemsminmthemA&Pmlabmandmtomenhancemthemexperiencem formmymcolleaguesmandmourmstud
ents.
Exercisesm wasmenthusiasticallymreceived,msuggestingmthatmwemhadmindeedmprovidedminstruct
orsmandmstudentsmsomethingmthatmtheymhadmbeenmneeding.mWemweremsomencouragedmthatmwems
etmoutmtomproducemanmexpanded,mfull-
colormversionmofmthemexercisesmthatmincludedmmoremexplanations,mnewmactivities,mamcompletema
rtmprogram,mandmnewmpedagogy.mThismbookmbecamemExploringmAnatomymandmPhysiologymin mth
emLaboratory,mormEAPL.mLikemitsmpredecessor,mitmwasmwarmlymreceived.
EAPLmwasmoriginallymintended mformbothmone-mandmtwo-
semestermanatomymandmphysiologymcourses.mHowever,mwemreceivedmfeedbackmthatmtherem
wasmsimplymtoommuchmcontentminmEAPLmformthemone-semestermcourse.mI mhavemtaughtmone-
semestermanatomymandmphysiology,mandmI magreed—
mthe mbookmwasmtoombig.mSo,mwem put mtogether mEAPL: m Corem Conceptsm (EAPLm CC), m which mr
etainedmallmthemenhancedmfeaturesmofmEAPL,mbutmwasmstreamlined mformuseminmone-
semestermcourses.
WithmthemfirstmeditionmofmEAPLmCC,mwemconsolidatedmthemanatomymandmphysiologymchap
tersmintomonemchaptermonmeachmorganmsystem.mInmaddition,mthemnumbermofmkeymtermsmformstu
dentsmtomlearnmwasmreducedmsignificantly,mandmwemfocusedmmoremonmthemfoundationalmprinciple
smofmanatomymandmphysiologyminsteadmofmdetails.mThismprovedmtombemamgoodmrecipemformamone
-semestermA&Pmlabmmanual.
However,mlikemallmfirstmeditions,mtheremwasmroommformimprovement.mWithmyourmfeedbac
k,mwemaimedmtommakemthosemimprovementsmwithmthismsecondmedition,mwhichmwempresentmtom
youmnow.mAsmyoumperusemthismbook,mpleasemnoticemthemfollowingmchanges,mwhichmweremamdir
ectmresultmofmyourmhelpfulmsuggestions:
■ AddedmtextmnarrativemtommakemEAPLmCC m2e ma mself-
containedmlabmmanual.mOnemofmthemmostmfrequent mrequestsmwemreceivedmwasmtomm
akemEAPLmCC mmoremself-
containedmsomthatmstudentsmdidn’tmneedmanmadditionalmtextbookmtomcompletemthemact
ivities.mWemheardmyourmrequests,mandmresponded.mEverymeffortmwasmmademinmthemrev
i
Anatomy Physiology& in the Laboratory
m m
Core Concepts
m
Sm EmCm Om Nm D Em D m Im Tm Im Om N
Erin C. Amerman
m m
, Exploring
&
Anatomy Physiology
in the Laboratory
m m
Core Conceptsm
SECOND m EDITION
Erin C. Amerman
m m
925m W.m Keny onm Av enue, m Uni tm 12
Englewood,m CO m 80110
w w w .morton-pub.com
,Book Team m
Presidentmand mCEODavidm M.m Ferguson
SeniormAcquisitionsm EditorMartam R.m Pentecost
Developmental mEditor SarahmD.mThomas
Editorial mProjectmManagersTrinamLambert, mRaynamS.mBailey
Production mManager Will mKelley
Production mAssistants JoannemSaliger, mAmy mHeeter
Covermand mIllustrations ImagineeringmMediamServices, mInc.
Dedication
FormDoug mMorton,mwhose msupportmofm
my mvision,mcommitmentmtomthis mbook,m
and mbeliefminmthemvaluemofmhighermeduc
ationmtomtransformmlivesmwillmnotmbe mfo
rgotten.
FormElise,mwhomperformsmamazing mfeats m
withmthe mhumanmbody.
Copyrightm ©m 2018,m2014m by m Mortonm Publishingm Company
All mrights mreserved.mNompartmofmthis mpublicationmmay mbemreproduced, mstoredminmamretriev al ms
ystem, mormtransmitted, minmany mformmormby many mmeans, melectronic, mmechanical, mphotocopying
,mrecordingmormotherwise, mwithoutmthempriormwrittenmpermissionmofmthempublisher.
PrintedminmthemUnitedmStates mofmAmerica
10m m 9m m 7m m 6m m 5m m 4m m 3m m
8 2m m 1
ISBN-10: 1-61731-780-2
ISBN-13: 978-1-61731-780-4
Library m ofm Congress m Control m Number:m 2017962086
, Preface
I firstmstartedmwritingmlabmproceduresmformmymstudentsm15myearsmagominmresponsemtomfrustr
ationmmymstudentsmandmI mweremfeelingmwithmthemanatomymandmphysiologymlabmandmthemacc
ompanying
labmmanual.mMymstudentsmwanted—andmneeded—
focusedmactivities,mclearmobjectivesmandmexplanations,mandmexercisesmthatmenabledmthemmt
omappreciatemthemoften-
missedm“bigmpicture”mofmA&P.mNonemofmthemavailablemlabmmanualsmprovidedmthis,msomImwa
smleftmwithmnomchoicembutmtomwritemmymownmlabmprocedures.mThemresultsmofmmymeffortsm
weremwellmworthmit,masmmymstudentsmweremengagedmandmactivemthementiremlabmperiod.mTh
eirmlabmandmclassmgradesmimproved.
Inm2003,mI mmetmwithmDavidmFerguson,mnowmthempresidentmofmMortonmPublishingmCompa
ny,mandmhemofferedmmemamdream mopportunity:mtomsharemmymexercisesmwithmstudentsmandmins
tructorsmthroughout mthemcountry.mThemresultmofmthatmmeetingmwasmthemtextmExercisesmform th
emAnatomymandmPhysiologymLaboratory,mamsimplemblack-and-
whitemmanualmwithmfocusedmactivities.mMymgoalmwithmthismbookmwasmtomsolvemthemteachingm
problemsminmthemA&Pmlabmandmtomenhancemthemexperiencem formmymcolleaguesmandmourmstud
ents.
Exercisesm wasmenthusiasticallymreceived,msuggestingmthatmwemhadmindeedmprovidedminstruct
orsmandmstudentsmsomethingmthatmtheymhadmbeenmneeding.mWemweremsomencouragedmthatmwems
etmoutmtomproducemanmexpanded,mfull-
colormversionmofmthemexercisesmthatmincludedmmoremexplanations,mnewmactivities,mamcompletema
rtmprogram,mandmnewmpedagogy.mThismbookmbecamemExploringmAnatomymandmPhysiologymin mth
emLaboratory,mormEAPL.mLikemitsmpredecessor,mitmwasmwarmlymreceived.
EAPLmwasmoriginallymintended mformbothmone-mandmtwo-
semestermanatomymandmphysiologymcourses.mHowever,mwemreceivedmfeedbackmthatmtherem
wasmsimplymtoommuchmcontentminmEAPLmformthemone-semestermcourse.mI mhavemtaughtmone-
semestermanatomymandmphysiology,mandmI magreed—
mthe mbookmwasmtoombig.mSo,mwem put mtogether mEAPL: m Corem Conceptsm (EAPLm CC), m which mr
etainedmallmthemenhancedmfeaturesmofmEAPL,mbutmwasmstreamlined mformuseminmone-
semestermcourses.
WithmthemfirstmeditionmofmEAPLmCC,mwemconsolidatedmthemanatomymandmphysiologymchap
tersmintomonemchaptermonmeachmorganmsystem.mInmaddition,mthemnumbermofmkeymtermsmformstu
dentsmtomlearnmwasmreducedmsignificantly,mandmwemfocusedmmoremonmthemfoundationalmprinciple
smofmanatomymandmphysiologyminsteadmofmdetails.mThismprovedmtombemamgoodmrecipemformamone
-semestermA&Pmlabmmanual.
However,mlikemallmfirstmeditions,mtheremwasmroommformimprovement.mWithmyourmfeedbac
k,mwemaimedmtommakemthosemimprovementsmwithmthismsecondmedition,mwhichmwempresentmtom
youmnow.mAsmyoumperusemthismbook,mpleasemnoticemthemfollowingmchanges,mwhichmweremamdir
ectmresultmofmyourmhelpfulmsuggestions:
■ AddedmtextmnarrativemtommakemEAPLmCC m2e ma mself-
containedmlabmmanual.mOnemofmthemmostmfrequent mrequestsmwemreceivedmwasmtomm
akemEAPLmCC mmoremself-
containedmsomthatmstudentsmdidn’tmneedmanmadditionalmtextbookmtomcompletemthemact
ivities.mWemheardmyourmrequests,mandmresponded.mEverymeffortmwasmmademinmthemrev
i
