SPHHS 150 Exam 2 || A+ GRADED.
infectious diseases correct answers caused by pathogens or germs
5 main categories of pathogens correct answers virus, bacteria, fungus, parasite and prion
Features of bacteria correct answers - prokaryotic organism
- present in virtually all of the earths habitats
- can have symbiotic or parasitic relationships
- animals are dependent on good bacteria (digestive system)
- usually treated with antibiotics
Examples of disease caused by bacteria correct answers strep and cholera
Features of viruses correct answers - millions in the environment
- replicate inside of a host cell
- 1:100th the size pf most bacteria
- often spread through vectors (water molecules)
- Usually provoke an immune response
Examples of disease cased by viruses correct answers COVID, flu, and ebola
Routes of entry of pathogens into the body correct answers - Gut (eating food)
- lungs (breathing in)
- Blood (sharing needles)
- other membranes (STI; absorbed through female reproduction)
- skin (break in the skin; absorbed through environment)
How do antibiotics work correct answers target bacterial factors and processes
Antibiotics resistance correct answers evolution lets bacteria evolve in order to not be
affected by the antibiotic
Vaccinations correct answers Injecting small amounts of dead or inactive pathogens into a
person's bloodstream. The pathogens carry antigens which triggers the immune system to
produce antibodies to attack them
Vaccine as primary prevention correct answers Vaccinating everyone at UMass for covid
before coming to campus
Vaccine history correct answers Earliest vaccines: snorting, cutting and embedding
- small pox sores; crush up and snort pores
Active Immunity correct answers infection and vaccination
- disease from someone else
- covid vaccine
Passive immunity correct answers maternal antibodies and monoclonal antibodies
- antibodies from breast feeding
, - didn't make the antibodies yourself
Herd immunity correct answers SO many people have immunity in a certain area that the
disease cannot spread as quick
Vaccine testing correct answers Design; pre-test; phase 1; phase 2; phase 3
Vaccine side effects correct answers - Usually safe
- Some side effects could be mild (fever), moderate (seizure) or severe (allergic reaction)
Endemic correct answers within localized geographic area
- Lyme disease in NE
- ticks carry lyme in NE
Epidemic correct answers Outbreaks across a country/region
- first signs of COVID in Wuhan, China
Pandemic correct answers a global epidemic
- Covid-19 pandemic
Outbreak correct answers When the amount of cases exceed the expected amount
- Covid in the US
Globalization correct answers - connection of people across borders
- flow of money, pathogens etc.
Movement across boundaries of: Pathogens correct answers flow of pathogens across borders
- disease easily spreads
Movement across boundaries of: Finances and trade correct answers trading with other
countries
- export bans on countries
Movement across boundaries of: Information correct answers access to media and new;
information is controlled by corporations
- CNN and FOX
- disinformation about covid vaccine
Movement across boundaries of: People correct answers flow of people across borders
- refugees fleeing due to war, violence or failure of an economy
Movement across boundaries of: Environmental pollutants correct answers pollution;
wildfires, dust, radiation
- chemicals that go into the environment and don't break down
- pollution; ocean garbage patches
Communicable diseases correct answers infection diseases; transmissible between individuals
ex: covid-19
infectious diseases correct answers caused by pathogens or germs
5 main categories of pathogens correct answers virus, bacteria, fungus, parasite and prion
Features of bacteria correct answers - prokaryotic organism
- present in virtually all of the earths habitats
- can have symbiotic or parasitic relationships
- animals are dependent on good bacteria (digestive system)
- usually treated with antibiotics
Examples of disease caused by bacteria correct answers strep and cholera
Features of viruses correct answers - millions in the environment
- replicate inside of a host cell
- 1:100th the size pf most bacteria
- often spread through vectors (water molecules)
- Usually provoke an immune response
Examples of disease cased by viruses correct answers COVID, flu, and ebola
Routes of entry of pathogens into the body correct answers - Gut (eating food)
- lungs (breathing in)
- Blood (sharing needles)
- other membranes (STI; absorbed through female reproduction)
- skin (break in the skin; absorbed through environment)
How do antibiotics work correct answers target bacterial factors and processes
Antibiotics resistance correct answers evolution lets bacteria evolve in order to not be
affected by the antibiotic
Vaccinations correct answers Injecting small amounts of dead or inactive pathogens into a
person's bloodstream. The pathogens carry antigens which triggers the immune system to
produce antibodies to attack them
Vaccine as primary prevention correct answers Vaccinating everyone at UMass for covid
before coming to campus
Vaccine history correct answers Earliest vaccines: snorting, cutting and embedding
- small pox sores; crush up and snort pores
Active Immunity correct answers infection and vaccination
- disease from someone else
- covid vaccine
Passive immunity correct answers maternal antibodies and monoclonal antibodies
- antibodies from breast feeding
, - didn't make the antibodies yourself
Herd immunity correct answers SO many people have immunity in a certain area that the
disease cannot spread as quick
Vaccine testing correct answers Design; pre-test; phase 1; phase 2; phase 3
Vaccine side effects correct answers - Usually safe
- Some side effects could be mild (fever), moderate (seizure) or severe (allergic reaction)
Endemic correct answers within localized geographic area
- Lyme disease in NE
- ticks carry lyme in NE
Epidemic correct answers Outbreaks across a country/region
- first signs of COVID in Wuhan, China
Pandemic correct answers a global epidemic
- Covid-19 pandemic
Outbreak correct answers When the amount of cases exceed the expected amount
- Covid in the US
Globalization correct answers - connection of people across borders
- flow of money, pathogens etc.
Movement across boundaries of: Pathogens correct answers flow of pathogens across borders
- disease easily spreads
Movement across boundaries of: Finances and trade correct answers trading with other
countries
- export bans on countries
Movement across boundaries of: Information correct answers access to media and new;
information is controlled by corporations
- CNN and FOX
- disinformation about covid vaccine
Movement across boundaries of: People correct answers flow of people across borders
- refugees fleeing due to war, violence or failure of an economy
Movement across boundaries of: Environmental pollutants correct answers pollution;
wildfires, dust, radiation
- chemicals that go into the environment and don't break down
- pollution; ocean garbage patches
Communicable diseases correct answers infection diseases; transmissible between individuals
ex: covid-19
