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More Exchange and Transport
Systems
Created @February 13, 2025 4:50 PM
Class Cells to Systems
Digestion
Large molecules like protein can’t cross cell membrane
Molecules are broken down for absorption and transported around the
body
Polymers are the biggest biological molecules, broken down using
hydrolysis
Hydrolysis
Breaks carbs down into disaccharides and monosaccharides
Breaks fats into fatty acids
Breaks proteins into amino acids
Digestive Enzymes
Breaks down biological molecules
Produced by specialised cells in digestive system
Enzyme works with substrate to catalyse processes that break down food
More Exchange and Transport Systems 1
, Breakdown of Carbs
Amylase
Digestive enzyme
Produced by salivary glands and pancreas
Uses hydrolysis as catalyst when converting starch into maltose
Membrane- Bound Disaccharidases
Enzyme attached to epithelial cell cell membrane
Breaks down disaccharides into monosaccharides
Transporter proteins take monosaccharides across cell membrane in
epithelial cells
Breakdown of Lipids
Enzyme lipase catalyses breakdown of lipids
Lipase is made in pancreas
Liver produces bile salts and forces lipids to form droplets
Droplets contain big surface area, ideal for lipase
Broken down lipids means monoglycerides and fatty acids stick to bile
salts forming micelles
Breakdown of Proteins
Endopeptidases
Hydrolyses peptide bonds
Trypsin and Chymotrypsin
Made in pancreas and secreted into small intestine
More Exchange and Transport Systems 2
More Exchange and Transport
Systems
Created @February 13, 2025 4:50 PM
Class Cells to Systems
Digestion
Large molecules like protein can’t cross cell membrane
Molecules are broken down for absorption and transported around the
body
Polymers are the biggest biological molecules, broken down using
hydrolysis
Hydrolysis
Breaks carbs down into disaccharides and monosaccharides
Breaks fats into fatty acids
Breaks proteins into amino acids
Digestive Enzymes
Breaks down biological molecules
Produced by specialised cells in digestive system
Enzyme works with substrate to catalyse processes that break down food
More Exchange and Transport Systems 1
, Breakdown of Carbs
Amylase
Digestive enzyme
Produced by salivary glands and pancreas
Uses hydrolysis as catalyst when converting starch into maltose
Membrane- Bound Disaccharidases
Enzyme attached to epithelial cell cell membrane
Breaks down disaccharides into monosaccharides
Transporter proteins take monosaccharides across cell membrane in
epithelial cells
Breakdown of Lipids
Enzyme lipase catalyses breakdown of lipids
Lipase is made in pancreas
Liver produces bile salts and forces lipids to form droplets
Droplets contain big surface area, ideal for lipase
Broken down lipids means monoglycerides and fatty acids stick to bile
salts forming micelles
Breakdown of Proteins
Endopeptidases
Hydrolyses peptide bonds
Trypsin and Chymotrypsin
Made in pancreas and secreted into small intestine
More Exchange and Transport Systems 2
