Fall 2024 BIO 319 Final Exam Study Guide
The exam will include 50 multiple choice questions. Each question is worth 3 points.
Terminology: Macronutrient, micronutrient, EAR, RDA, UL, EER, Nutrient Density, essential nutrient
Calories per gram for carbohydrates, protein, and fat (calculate the total kcals when given grams of each)
% recommendations carbohydrate, protein and fat (calculate kcals from each someone should consume using
AMDR)
What is included on the food label, order of ingredients
Carbohydrates
o Types of monosaccharides, disaccharides
o What are the two types of fiber and the associated health roles
o Complex carbohydrates vs simple carbohydrates (what carbs are in each category)
o Carbohydrate digestion: organs and enzymes
o What is the storage form of glucose and where?
Lipids
o Differences in saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids (chemical configuration)
o Digestion of lipids (bile production, storage, and its role)
o Essential lipids (EFAs)
o The main components of the Mediterranean diet
Protein
o Structure of protein
o Define essential amino acids, nonessential AA, conditionally essential
o Structure of amino acids; What makes Amino acids different from each other
o What causes denaturation?
o Digestion of proteins (hydrochloric acid and pepsin)
o Gluconeogenesis
Energy Metabolism
o Define metabolism
o How does the body respond in feasting or fasting?
o Alcohol metabolism basics (why does it lead to B vitamin deficiency)
Energy balance and body composition
o Factors affecting BMR (modifiable and non-modifiable), who has a higher metabolic rate?
o Visceral fat and associated risks
o Number of calories to gain/lose 1 pound of fat
o Normal body fat % ranges
o Eating disorders- anorexia, bulimia, binge eating signs and symptoms
Weight Management
o Factors impacting leptin and ghrelin
o Function of lipoprotein lipase
o Safe rates of weight loss
o Minimal safe calorie intake amount per day
o Set point theory
Water Soluble Vitamins
o Bioavailability
o Deficiencies (C and D)
o Functions and of B vitamins
The exam will include 50 multiple choice questions. Each question is worth 3 points.
Terminology: Macronutrient, micronutrient, EAR, RDA, UL, EER, Nutrient Density, essential nutrient
Calories per gram for carbohydrates, protein, and fat (calculate the total kcals when given grams of each)
% recommendations carbohydrate, protein and fat (calculate kcals from each someone should consume using
AMDR)
What is included on the food label, order of ingredients
Carbohydrates
o Types of monosaccharides, disaccharides
o What are the two types of fiber and the associated health roles
o Complex carbohydrates vs simple carbohydrates (what carbs are in each category)
o Carbohydrate digestion: organs and enzymes
o What is the storage form of glucose and where?
Lipids
o Differences in saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids (chemical configuration)
o Digestion of lipids (bile production, storage, and its role)
o Essential lipids (EFAs)
o The main components of the Mediterranean diet
Protein
o Structure of protein
o Define essential amino acids, nonessential AA, conditionally essential
o Structure of amino acids; What makes Amino acids different from each other
o What causes denaturation?
o Digestion of proteins (hydrochloric acid and pepsin)
o Gluconeogenesis
Energy Metabolism
o Define metabolism
o How does the body respond in feasting or fasting?
o Alcohol metabolism basics (why does it lead to B vitamin deficiency)
Energy balance and body composition
o Factors affecting BMR (modifiable and non-modifiable), who has a higher metabolic rate?
o Visceral fat and associated risks
o Number of calories to gain/lose 1 pound of fat
o Normal body fat % ranges
o Eating disorders- anorexia, bulimia, binge eating signs and symptoms
Weight Management
o Factors impacting leptin and ghrelin
o Function of lipoprotein lipase
o Safe rates of weight loss
o Minimal safe calorie intake amount per day
o Set point theory
Water Soluble Vitamins
o Bioavailability
o Deficiencies (C and D)
o Functions and of B vitamins
