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Topic 2A- Cell Structure and
Division
Created @February 10, 2025 8:27 PM
Class Cells to Systems
Prokaryotes or Eukaryotes
Prokaryotic cells are single celled organisms
Smaller and simpler like bacteria
Eukaryotic cells are complex and includes animal and plants cells
Both cell types contain organelles
Plant Cell
Contains similar organelles as animal cells
Has cellulose cell wall for substance exchange with surrounding cells
Contains vacuole which has cell sap
Also chloroplasts
Algal Cells
Very similar to plant cells
Has the same organelles
Fungal Cells
Topic 2A- Cell Structure and Division 1
, Similar contents to plant cells
Cell walls are made of chitin instead of cellulose
No chloroplasts
Different Organelles
Cell- Surface Membrane
Found on animal cells and inside cell wall
Made of lipids and proteins
Regulates movement of substances in/out of cell
Contains receptor molecules allowing to respond to chemicals
Nucleus
Big organelle surrounded by nuclear envelope
Contains chromosomes made from nucleolus
Controls cell activities
Has DNA which contains instructions for protein synthesis
Mitochondrion
Has double membrane
Inner membrane is folded to form Cristae structures
Contents contain enzymes for respiration
Area of aerobic respiration for ATP production
High in numbers
Chloroplast
Found in plants and algae
Double membrane
Has membrane known as Thylakoid membranes which form grana
Topic 2A- Cell Structure and Division 2
Topic 2A- Cell Structure and
Division
Created @February 10, 2025 8:27 PM
Class Cells to Systems
Prokaryotes or Eukaryotes
Prokaryotic cells are single celled organisms
Smaller and simpler like bacteria
Eukaryotic cells are complex and includes animal and plants cells
Both cell types contain organelles
Plant Cell
Contains similar organelles as animal cells
Has cellulose cell wall for substance exchange with surrounding cells
Contains vacuole which has cell sap
Also chloroplasts
Algal Cells
Very similar to plant cells
Has the same organelles
Fungal Cells
Topic 2A- Cell Structure and Division 1
, Similar contents to plant cells
Cell walls are made of chitin instead of cellulose
No chloroplasts
Different Organelles
Cell- Surface Membrane
Found on animal cells and inside cell wall
Made of lipids and proteins
Regulates movement of substances in/out of cell
Contains receptor molecules allowing to respond to chemicals
Nucleus
Big organelle surrounded by nuclear envelope
Contains chromosomes made from nucleolus
Controls cell activities
Has DNA which contains instructions for protein synthesis
Mitochondrion
Has double membrane
Inner membrane is folded to form Cristae structures
Contents contain enzymes for respiration
Area of aerobic respiration for ATP production
High in numbers
Chloroplast
Found in plants and algae
Double membrane
Has membrane known as Thylakoid membranes which form grana
Topic 2A- Cell Structure and Division 2
