TEST BANK j
TEST BANK FOR A CONCISE INTRODUC
j j j j j
TION TO LOGIC 13TH EDITION
j j j j
BY PATRICK J. HURLEY, LORI WATSON
j j j j j
,Chapter j1jTestjA
MULTIPLEjCHOICE
INSTRUCTIONS:jThejfollowingjselectionsjrelatejto jdistinguishingjargumentsjfromjnonargumentsjand ji
dentifyingjconclusions. jSelectjthejbestjanswerjforjeach.
1. Therejappearsjto jbejajgrowingjhappinessjgapjbetweenjmen jand jwomen.jWomenjtoday jarejworkingjmor
ejand jrelaxingjless,jwhilejmen jarejworkingjlessjandjrelaxingjmore.jFortyjyearsjago jajtypicaljwomanjspe
ntj40 jminutesjmorejperjweek jthan jthejtypicaljmanjperformingjanjactivity jconsideredjunpleasant.jToday
,jwith jmen jworkingjless,jthejgap jisj90 jminutesjand jgrowing.
a. Argument;jconclusion:jToday j...jthejgap jisj90 jminutesjand jgrowing.
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument;jconclusion:jForty jyearsjago j...jan jactivity jconsidered junpleasant.
d. Argument;jconclusion:jTherejappearsjto jbej...jbetween jmen jand jwomen.
e. Argument;jconclusion:jWomen jtoday jarejworkingjmorejand jrelaxingjless.
ANS:j D PTS:j j 2
2. Lead jisjtoxic,jbutjdojyou jknowjwhy?jLeadjisjtoxicjmainly jbecause jitjpreferentially jreplacesjotherjmetalsjinj
biochemicaljreactions.jInjso jdoingjitjinterferesjwithjthejproteinsjthatjregulatejblood jpressurej(whichjcan jca
usejdevelopmentjdelaysjinjchildrenjandjhigh jbloodjpressurejin jadults),jhemejproduction j(whichjcan jleadjto
janemia), jand jsperm jproduction. jLead jalsojdisplaces jcalciumjinjthejreactions jthatjtransmitjelectricaljimpul
sesjin jthejbrain,jwhich jdiminishesjthejability jto jthink jand jrecalljinformation.
AnnejMariejHelmstine,j"YourjGuidejto jChemistry"
a. Argument;jconclusion:jItjinterferesjwith jthejproteinsj...jand jspermjproduction.
b. Argument;jconclusion:jLead jisjtoxic.
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument;jconclusion:jItjpreferentially jreplacesjotherjmetalsjin jbiochemicaljreactions.
e. Argument;jconclusion:jLead jalso jdisplacesjcalciumj...jrecalljinformation.
ANS:j C PTS:j j 2
3. Aristotle jfocused jonjclarifyingjthejconceptjofjvirtuejitself.jHejargued jthatjitjwasjvirtuousjto jchoosejthejprop
erjamountjofjemotionjand/orjactionjcalledjforjinjajparticularjsituationjandjthatjextremesjofjemotionjand jacti
on jwerejvices.jIn jalljcommunitiesjtherejarejsomejmenjofjpracticaljwisdomjwho jhavejthejcapacity jtojjudgejw
isely.jAristotlejargued jthatjthey jhavejthejcapacity jto jfollowjthej"rightjrule"jwhateverjthejsituation.
David jCooper,jValuejPluralismjand jEthicaljChoice
a. Argument;jconclusion:jIn jalljcommunitiesj...jcapacity jto jjudgejwisely.
b. Argument;jconclusion:jAristotlejfocused jon jclarifyingjthejconceptjof jvirtuejitself.
c. Argument;jconclusion:jThey jhave jthejcapacity jto jfollowj...jthejsituation.
d. Argument;jconclusion:jHejargued jthatjitjwasjvirtuousj...jwerejvices
e. Nonargument.
ANS:j E PTS:j j 2
4. Illegaljimmigrantsjpayjlocaljsalesjtaxes,jandjmanyjofjthemjalsojpayjstate,jlocal,jandjfederaljincomejtaxjandjS
ocialjSecurityjtax.jThey jalsojpurchasejitemsjfromjlocaljmerchants,jincreasingjthejamountjthesejmerchantsj
pay jin jtaxes.jInjaddition,jtheyjworkjforjlowjsalaries,jwhichjincreasesjthejearningsjofjtheirjemployersjand jthej
amountjofjtaxesjthesejemployersjpay.jThus,jitjisjnotjcorrectjto jsayjthatjillegaljimmigrantsjcontributejnothing
jto jthe jcommunities jin jwhich jthey jlive.
a. Argument;jconclusion:jItjisjnotjcorrectjto jsay j...jcommunitiesjin jwhich jthey jlive.
b. Argument;jconclusion:jThey jwork jforjlowjsalariesj...jthesejemployersjpay.
1
, c. Argument;jconclusion:jIllegaljimmigrantsjpay j...jSocialjSecurity jtax.
d. Argument;jconclusion:jThey jalso jpurchase jitemsj...jpay jin jtaxes.
e. Nonargument.
ANS:j A PTS:j j 2
5. Numerousjstudiesjhavejindicatedjthatjwomenjofjcolor,jblackjwomenjin jparticular,jarejover-arrested,jover-
indicted,jand jover-sentenced. jAfrican-
American jwomenjarejsevenjtimesjmorejlikely jtojbejarrestedjforjprostitutionjthanjwomenjofjotherjethnicjgr
oups.jBlackjwomenjhavejreceivedjsignificantly jlongerjsentencesjforjcrimesjagainstjpropertyjandjservedjlo
ngerjperiodsjinjprison.jForjboth jmurderjandjdrugjoffenses,jEuroamerican jwomen jended jup jservingjone-
third jlessjtimejforjthejsamejoffensesjthan jblack jwomen.
Nancy jKurshan,j"Women jand jImprisonmentjin jthejU.S."
a. Argument;jconclusion:jAfrican-American jwomen j...jotherjethnicjgroups.
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument;jconclusion:jForjboth jmurderjand jdrugjoffensesj...jblack jwomen.
d. Argument;jconclusion:jNumerousjstudiesjhavejindicated j...jover-sentenced.
e. Argument;jconclusion:jBlack jwomen jhavejreceived j...jlongerjperiodsjin jprison.
ANS:j B PTS:j j 2
6. It'sjeven jmorejimportantjthesejdaysjthatjyourjcomputerjbejprotected jbyjajfirewall.jTherejarejcriminaljeleme
ntsjlurkingjinjthejshadowsjofjcyberspace jwho jsendjoutjprobesjto jdetectjunprotectedjPCs.jOncejajvulnerablej
computerjisjfound,jthesejcriminalsjinstalljsoftwarejthatjassistsjthemjinjcommittingjidentityjtheftjandjfencin
gjstolen jIDs.jThey jalso jdefraud jonlinejadvertisersjby jusingjthesejzombie jcomputersjto jvisitjpay-per-
click jads.
a. Argument;jconclusion:jTherejarejcriminaljelementsj...jto jdetectjunprotected jPCs.
b. Argument;jconclusion:jOncejajvulnerable jcomputerj...jfencingjstolen jIDs.
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument;jconclusion:jThey jalso jdefraud j...jto jvisitjpay-per-click jads.
e. Argument;jconclusion:jIt'sjeven jmorejimportantj...jprotected jby jajfirewall.
ANS:j E PTS:j j 2
7. Thejearth jisjofjinterestjtojastronomy jforjmanyjreasons.jNearly jalljobservationsjmustjbejmadejthrough jthejat
mosphere,jand jthejphenomenajofjthejupperjatmospherejandjthejmagnetospherejreflectjthejstatejofjinterplane
tary jspace.jThejearth jisjalso jthejmostjimportantjobjectjof jcomparison jforjplanetologists.
Hannu jKarttunen,jetjal.,jFundamentaljAstronomy
a. Argument;jconclusion:jThejphenomena j...jstatejof jinterplanetary jspace.
b. Argument;jconclusion:jThejearth jisjalso j...jforjplanetologists.
c. Argument;jconclusion:jThejearth jisjof jinterestjto jastronomy.
d. Nonargument.
e. Argument;jconclusion:jNearly jalljobservationsj...jthrough jthejatmosphere.
ANS:j C PTS:j j 2
8. If jthejtradejin jtigerjproductsjisjbanned,jtigerjreservesjarejguardedjbyjwelljequippedjstaff,jcommunitiesjabutt
ingjtigerjhabitatjarejgiven jajstakejinjprotectingjtigers,jandjthejmakersjofjtraditionaljmedicinesjcanjbejpersua
ded jthatjtigerjpartsjarejnotjneeded,jthen jtigerjpoachingjwilljbejhalted,jhabitatjand jlifejsustainingjpreyjwilljbe
jrestored, jand jthe jimmanentjextinction jof jtigersjin jthe jwild jwilljbe javerted.
a. Nonargument.
b. Argument;jconclusion:jThejtradejin jtigerjproductsjisjbanned.
c. Argument;jconclusion:jTigerjpoachingjwilljbejhalted.
d. Argument;jconclusion:jThejmakersjof jtraditionaljmedicinesj...jnotjneeded.
e. Argument;jconclusion:jTigerjpoachingjwilljbejhalted j...jwilljbejaverted.
2
, ANS:j A PTS:j j 2
9. Humansjarejbiologicaljorganisms.jTojunderstandjourjbehaviorjandjmentaljprocesses,jwejneedjtojundersta
nd jtheirjbiologicaljunderpinnings,jstartingjwithjthejcellularjlevel,jthejneuron.jHowjwejfeel,jlearn,jrememb
er,jand jthink jalljstemjfromjneuronaljactivity.jSo,jhowjajneuron jworksjandjhowjneuronsjcommunicatejarejcr
ucialjpiecesjof jinformation jin jsolvingjthejpuzzle jof jhuman jbehaviorjand jmentaljprocessing.
Richard jGriggs,jPsychology:jAjConcise jIntroduction
a. Argument;jconclusion:jTo junderstand jourjbehaviorj...jthejneuron.
b. Argument;jconclusion:jHumansjarejbiologicaljorganisms.
c. Argument;jconclusion:jHowjwejfeelj...jneuronaljactivity.
d. Argument;jconclusion:jHowjajneuron jworksj...jmentaljprocessing.
e. Nonargument.
ANS:j D PTS:j j 2
10. Virusesjarejacellularjentitiesjtoo jsmalljto jbejseenjwithjajlightjmicroscope.jThey jarejcomposed jofjajnucleicja
cid jand jajfewjproteins.jVirusesjreplicatejthemselvesjandjdisplayjotherjpropertiesjofjlivingjorganismsjonly j
when jtheyjhavejinvaded jlivingjcells.jIndeed,jsomejvirusesjcanjbejcrystallizedjandjstoredjinjajcontainerjonjaj
shelf jforjyears,jbutjthey jretain jthejcapacity jto jinvade jcellsjand jcausejdisease.
Jacquelyn jC.jBlack,jMicrobiology:jPrinciplesjand jExplorations
a. Argument;jconclusion:jThey jarejcomposed jof jajnucleicjacid jand jajfewjproteins.
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument;jconclusion:jVirusesjarejacellularjentitiesj...jmicroscope.
d. Argument;jconclusion:jIndeed,jsomejvirusesjcan jbejcrystallized j...jcause jdisease.
e. Argument;jconclusion:jVirusesjreplicatejthemselvesj...jinvaded jlivingjcells.
ANS:j B PTS:j j 2
11. Harnessingjthejclean,jabundantjenergy jofjthejsun jand jwindjisjcriticaljto jsolvingjthejglobaljwarmingjproble
m.jTechnologicaljadvancesjhavejbroughtjthejcostjofjelectricity jgenerated jbyjthejwind jdownjbyj82jpercentj
sincej1981.jSolarjenergy jtechnology jhasjmadejremarkablejprogressjasjnewjphotovoltaicjcellsjhavejbeenjd
evelopedjto jconvertjeven jgreaterjamountsjofjsunlightjdirectlyjintojelectricity.jToday jthejcostsjofjwind jandj
solarjpowerjarejbecomingjcompetitive jwith jdirty jcoal-fired jplants.
SierrajClub,j"GlobaljWarmingjSolutions"
a. Argument;jconclusion:jToday jthejcostsjof jwind j...jdirty jcoal-fired jplants.
b. Argument;jconclusion:jTechnologicaljadvancesj...jby j82 jpercentjsincej1981.
c. Argument;jconclusion:jHarnessingjthejclean j...jthejglobaljwarmingjproblem.
d. Nonargument.
e. Argument;jconclusion:jSolarjenergy jtechnology j...jdirectly jinto jelectricity.
ANS:j D PTS:j j 2
12. Itjisjlikely jthatjinnocentjprisonersjinjthisjcountry jhavejbeenjexecutedjforjcrimesjtheyjdid jnotjcommit.jFromj1
973 juntilj2007,j124 jdeathjrowjinmatesjhavejbeenjexonerated.jInjmany jofjthesejcasesjDNAjevidencejplayedj
ajcrucialjrole.jYet,jin jthatjsamejtimejframe,jmorejthanj1000jprisonersjwerejexecuted.jForjmany jofjthesejpris
onersjnojDNAjevidencejwasjavailable.jIfjsuchjevidencejhadjbeenjavailable,jhowjmayjmorejwouldjhavejbee
n jexonerated?
a. Argument;jconclusion:jIn jmany jof jthesejcasesj...jplayed jajcrucialjrole.
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument;jconclusion:jFromj1973 j...jhavejbeen jexonerated.
d. Argument;jconclusion:jForjmany jof jthesejprisonersj...jwasjavailable.
e. Argument;jconclusion:jItjisjlikely jthatjinnocentjprisonersj...jthey jdid jnotjcommit.
3
TEST BANK FOR A CONCISE INTRODUC
j j j j j
TION TO LOGIC 13TH EDITION
j j j j
BY PATRICK J. HURLEY, LORI WATSON
j j j j j
,Chapter j1jTestjA
MULTIPLEjCHOICE
INSTRUCTIONS:jThejfollowingjselectionsjrelatejto jdistinguishingjargumentsjfromjnonargumentsjand ji
dentifyingjconclusions. jSelectjthejbestjanswerjforjeach.
1. Therejappearsjto jbejajgrowingjhappinessjgapjbetweenjmen jand jwomen.jWomenjtoday jarejworkingjmor
ejand jrelaxingjless,jwhilejmen jarejworkingjlessjandjrelaxingjmore.jFortyjyearsjago jajtypicaljwomanjspe
ntj40 jminutesjmorejperjweek jthan jthejtypicaljmanjperformingjanjactivity jconsideredjunpleasant.jToday
,jwith jmen jworkingjless,jthejgap jisj90 jminutesjand jgrowing.
a. Argument;jconclusion:jToday j...jthejgap jisj90 jminutesjand jgrowing.
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument;jconclusion:jForty jyearsjago j...jan jactivity jconsidered junpleasant.
d. Argument;jconclusion:jTherejappearsjto jbej...jbetween jmen jand jwomen.
e. Argument;jconclusion:jWomen jtoday jarejworkingjmorejand jrelaxingjless.
ANS:j D PTS:j j 2
2. Lead jisjtoxic,jbutjdojyou jknowjwhy?jLeadjisjtoxicjmainly jbecause jitjpreferentially jreplacesjotherjmetalsjinj
biochemicaljreactions.jInjso jdoingjitjinterferesjwithjthejproteinsjthatjregulatejblood jpressurej(whichjcan jca
usejdevelopmentjdelaysjinjchildrenjandjhigh jbloodjpressurejin jadults),jhemejproduction j(whichjcan jleadjto
janemia), jand jsperm jproduction. jLead jalsojdisplaces jcalciumjinjthejreactions jthatjtransmitjelectricaljimpul
sesjin jthejbrain,jwhich jdiminishesjthejability jto jthink jand jrecalljinformation.
AnnejMariejHelmstine,j"YourjGuidejto jChemistry"
a. Argument;jconclusion:jItjinterferesjwith jthejproteinsj...jand jspermjproduction.
b. Argument;jconclusion:jLead jisjtoxic.
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument;jconclusion:jItjpreferentially jreplacesjotherjmetalsjin jbiochemicaljreactions.
e. Argument;jconclusion:jLead jalso jdisplacesjcalciumj...jrecalljinformation.
ANS:j C PTS:j j 2
3. Aristotle jfocused jonjclarifyingjthejconceptjofjvirtuejitself.jHejargued jthatjitjwasjvirtuousjto jchoosejthejprop
erjamountjofjemotionjand/orjactionjcalledjforjinjajparticularjsituationjandjthatjextremesjofjemotionjand jacti
on jwerejvices.jIn jalljcommunitiesjtherejarejsomejmenjofjpracticaljwisdomjwho jhavejthejcapacity jtojjudgejw
isely.jAristotlejargued jthatjthey jhavejthejcapacity jto jfollowjthej"rightjrule"jwhateverjthejsituation.
David jCooper,jValuejPluralismjand jEthicaljChoice
a. Argument;jconclusion:jIn jalljcommunitiesj...jcapacity jto jjudgejwisely.
b. Argument;jconclusion:jAristotlejfocused jon jclarifyingjthejconceptjof jvirtuejitself.
c. Argument;jconclusion:jThey jhave jthejcapacity jto jfollowj...jthejsituation.
d. Argument;jconclusion:jHejargued jthatjitjwasjvirtuousj...jwerejvices
e. Nonargument.
ANS:j E PTS:j j 2
4. Illegaljimmigrantsjpayjlocaljsalesjtaxes,jandjmanyjofjthemjalsojpayjstate,jlocal,jandjfederaljincomejtaxjandjS
ocialjSecurityjtax.jThey jalsojpurchasejitemsjfromjlocaljmerchants,jincreasingjthejamountjthesejmerchantsj
pay jin jtaxes.jInjaddition,jtheyjworkjforjlowjsalaries,jwhichjincreasesjthejearningsjofjtheirjemployersjand jthej
amountjofjtaxesjthesejemployersjpay.jThus,jitjisjnotjcorrectjto jsayjthatjillegaljimmigrantsjcontributejnothing
jto jthe jcommunities jin jwhich jthey jlive.
a. Argument;jconclusion:jItjisjnotjcorrectjto jsay j...jcommunitiesjin jwhich jthey jlive.
b. Argument;jconclusion:jThey jwork jforjlowjsalariesj...jthesejemployersjpay.
1
, c. Argument;jconclusion:jIllegaljimmigrantsjpay j...jSocialjSecurity jtax.
d. Argument;jconclusion:jThey jalso jpurchase jitemsj...jpay jin jtaxes.
e. Nonargument.
ANS:j A PTS:j j 2
5. Numerousjstudiesjhavejindicatedjthatjwomenjofjcolor,jblackjwomenjin jparticular,jarejover-arrested,jover-
indicted,jand jover-sentenced. jAfrican-
American jwomenjarejsevenjtimesjmorejlikely jtojbejarrestedjforjprostitutionjthanjwomenjofjotherjethnicjgr
oups.jBlackjwomenjhavejreceivedjsignificantly jlongerjsentencesjforjcrimesjagainstjpropertyjandjservedjlo
ngerjperiodsjinjprison.jForjboth jmurderjandjdrugjoffenses,jEuroamerican jwomen jended jup jservingjone-
third jlessjtimejforjthejsamejoffensesjthan jblack jwomen.
Nancy jKurshan,j"Women jand jImprisonmentjin jthejU.S."
a. Argument;jconclusion:jAfrican-American jwomen j...jotherjethnicjgroups.
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument;jconclusion:jForjboth jmurderjand jdrugjoffensesj...jblack jwomen.
d. Argument;jconclusion:jNumerousjstudiesjhavejindicated j...jover-sentenced.
e. Argument;jconclusion:jBlack jwomen jhavejreceived j...jlongerjperiodsjin jprison.
ANS:j B PTS:j j 2
6. It'sjeven jmorejimportantjthesejdaysjthatjyourjcomputerjbejprotected jbyjajfirewall.jTherejarejcriminaljeleme
ntsjlurkingjinjthejshadowsjofjcyberspace jwho jsendjoutjprobesjto jdetectjunprotectedjPCs.jOncejajvulnerablej
computerjisjfound,jthesejcriminalsjinstalljsoftwarejthatjassistsjthemjinjcommittingjidentityjtheftjandjfencin
gjstolen jIDs.jThey jalso jdefraud jonlinejadvertisersjby jusingjthesejzombie jcomputersjto jvisitjpay-per-
click jads.
a. Argument;jconclusion:jTherejarejcriminaljelementsj...jto jdetectjunprotected jPCs.
b. Argument;jconclusion:jOncejajvulnerable jcomputerj...jfencingjstolen jIDs.
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument;jconclusion:jThey jalso jdefraud j...jto jvisitjpay-per-click jads.
e. Argument;jconclusion:jIt'sjeven jmorejimportantj...jprotected jby jajfirewall.
ANS:j E PTS:j j 2
7. Thejearth jisjofjinterestjtojastronomy jforjmanyjreasons.jNearly jalljobservationsjmustjbejmadejthrough jthejat
mosphere,jand jthejphenomenajofjthejupperjatmospherejandjthejmagnetospherejreflectjthejstatejofjinterplane
tary jspace.jThejearth jisjalso jthejmostjimportantjobjectjof jcomparison jforjplanetologists.
Hannu jKarttunen,jetjal.,jFundamentaljAstronomy
a. Argument;jconclusion:jThejphenomena j...jstatejof jinterplanetary jspace.
b. Argument;jconclusion:jThejearth jisjalso j...jforjplanetologists.
c. Argument;jconclusion:jThejearth jisjof jinterestjto jastronomy.
d. Nonargument.
e. Argument;jconclusion:jNearly jalljobservationsj...jthrough jthejatmosphere.
ANS:j C PTS:j j 2
8. If jthejtradejin jtigerjproductsjisjbanned,jtigerjreservesjarejguardedjbyjwelljequippedjstaff,jcommunitiesjabutt
ingjtigerjhabitatjarejgiven jajstakejinjprotectingjtigers,jandjthejmakersjofjtraditionaljmedicinesjcanjbejpersua
ded jthatjtigerjpartsjarejnotjneeded,jthen jtigerjpoachingjwilljbejhalted,jhabitatjand jlifejsustainingjpreyjwilljbe
jrestored, jand jthe jimmanentjextinction jof jtigersjin jthe jwild jwilljbe javerted.
a. Nonargument.
b. Argument;jconclusion:jThejtradejin jtigerjproductsjisjbanned.
c. Argument;jconclusion:jTigerjpoachingjwilljbejhalted.
d. Argument;jconclusion:jThejmakersjof jtraditionaljmedicinesj...jnotjneeded.
e. Argument;jconclusion:jTigerjpoachingjwilljbejhalted j...jwilljbejaverted.
2
, ANS:j A PTS:j j 2
9. Humansjarejbiologicaljorganisms.jTojunderstandjourjbehaviorjandjmentaljprocesses,jwejneedjtojundersta
nd jtheirjbiologicaljunderpinnings,jstartingjwithjthejcellularjlevel,jthejneuron.jHowjwejfeel,jlearn,jrememb
er,jand jthink jalljstemjfromjneuronaljactivity.jSo,jhowjajneuron jworksjandjhowjneuronsjcommunicatejarejcr
ucialjpiecesjof jinformation jin jsolvingjthejpuzzle jof jhuman jbehaviorjand jmentaljprocessing.
Richard jGriggs,jPsychology:jAjConcise jIntroduction
a. Argument;jconclusion:jTo junderstand jourjbehaviorj...jthejneuron.
b. Argument;jconclusion:jHumansjarejbiologicaljorganisms.
c. Argument;jconclusion:jHowjwejfeelj...jneuronaljactivity.
d. Argument;jconclusion:jHowjajneuron jworksj...jmentaljprocessing.
e. Nonargument.
ANS:j D PTS:j j 2
10. Virusesjarejacellularjentitiesjtoo jsmalljto jbejseenjwithjajlightjmicroscope.jThey jarejcomposed jofjajnucleicja
cid jand jajfewjproteins.jVirusesjreplicatejthemselvesjandjdisplayjotherjpropertiesjofjlivingjorganismsjonly j
when jtheyjhavejinvaded jlivingjcells.jIndeed,jsomejvirusesjcanjbejcrystallizedjandjstoredjinjajcontainerjonjaj
shelf jforjyears,jbutjthey jretain jthejcapacity jto jinvade jcellsjand jcausejdisease.
Jacquelyn jC.jBlack,jMicrobiology:jPrinciplesjand jExplorations
a. Argument;jconclusion:jThey jarejcomposed jof jajnucleicjacid jand jajfewjproteins.
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument;jconclusion:jVirusesjarejacellularjentitiesj...jmicroscope.
d. Argument;jconclusion:jIndeed,jsomejvirusesjcan jbejcrystallized j...jcause jdisease.
e. Argument;jconclusion:jVirusesjreplicatejthemselvesj...jinvaded jlivingjcells.
ANS:j B PTS:j j 2
11. Harnessingjthejclean,jabundantjenergy jofjthejsun jand jwindjisjcriticaljto jsolvingjthejglobaljwarmingjproble
m.jTechnologicaljadvancesjhavejbroughtjthejcostjofjelectricity jgenerated jbyjthejwind jdownjbyj82jpercentj
sincej1981.jSolarjenergy jtechnology jhasjmadejremarkablejprogressjasjnewjphotovoltaicjcellsjhavejbeenjd
evelopedjto jconvertjeven jgreaterjamountsjofjsunlightjdirectlyjintojelectricity.jToday jthejcostsjofjwind jandj
solarjpowerjarejbecomingjcompetitive jwith jdirty jcoal-fired jplants.
SierrajClub,j"GlobaljWarmingjSolutions"
a. Argument;jconclusion:jToday jthejcostsjof jwind j...jdirty jcoal-fired jplants.
b. Argument;jconclusion:jTechnologicaljadvancesj...jby j82 jpercentjsincej1981.
c. Argument;jconclusion:jHarnessingjthejclean j...jthejglobaljwarmingjproblem.
d. Nonargument.
e. Argument;jconclusion:jSolarjenergy jtechnology j...jdirectly jinto jelectricity.
ANS:j D PTS:j j 2
12. Itjisjlikely jthatjinnocentjprisonersjinjthisjcountry jhavejbeenjexecutedjforjcrimesjtheyjdid jnotjcommit.jFromj1
973 juntilj2007,j124 jdeathjrowjinmatesjhavejbeenjexonerated.jInjmany jofjthesejcasesjDNAjevidencejplayedj
ajcrucialjrole.jYet,jin jthatjsamejtimejframe,jmorejthanj1000jprisonersjwerejexecuted.jForjmany jofjthesejpris
onersjnojDNAjevidencejwasjavailable.jIfjsuchjevidencejhadjbeenjavailable,jhowjmayjmorejwouldjhavejbee
n jexonerated?
a. Argument;jconclusion:jIn jmany jof jthesejcasesj...jplayed jajcrucialjrole.
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument;jconclusion:jFromj1973 j...jhavejbeen jexonerated.
d. Argument;jconclusion:jForjmany jof jthesejprisonersj...jwasjavailable.
e. Argument;jconclusion:jItjisjlikely jthatjinnocentjprisonersj...jthey jdid jnotjcommit.
3
