AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY UNIT #6 EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Export processing zone - answer-(epz) - designated areas of countries where
governments create conditions conducive to export-orientated production
Fixed costs - answer-an activity cost (as of investment in land, plant, and equipment)
that must be met without regard to level of output; an imput cost that is spatially
constant
Footloose industry - answer-a descriptive term applied to manufacturing activities for
which the cost of transporting material or product is not important in determining
location of production; an industry or firm showing neither market nor orientation
Fordism - answer-the manufacturing economy and system derived from assembly-line
mass production and the mass consumption of standardized goods
Foreign direct investment - answer-investment in the economies of lcds by transnational
corporations based in mdcs
Friction of distance - answer-the increase in time and cost that usually comes with
increasing distance
Globalization - answer-the trend toward increased cultural and economic
connectedness between people, businesses, and organizations throughout the world
Gross domestic product - answer-(gdp) - a measure of the total value of goods and
services produced within a country during a year
Gross national product - answer-(gnp) - a measure of the total value of goods and
services produced by the people and corporations in a year including goods and
services produced within and outside the country
Growth pole - answer-an urban center with certain attributes that, if augmented by a
measure of investment support, will stimulate regional economic development in its
hinterland
High - technology corridors - answer-areas designated by local government to benefit
from lower taxes and high-technology infrastructure to provide high tech jobs for the
local population
, Human development index - answer-(hdi) - an aggregate index of development, which
takes into account economic, social, and demographic factors, using gdp, literacy and
education, and life expectancy
International division of labor - answer-a division of work between rich and poor
countries under which low-waged workers in th global south do assembly,
manufacturing, and office work on contract to companies based in the global north
Just in time production - answer-seeks to reduce inventories for the production process
by purchasing inputs for arrival just in time to use and producing output just in time to
sell
Labor intensive - answer-production processes that employ a large amount of labor
relative to the amount of capital equipment
Least cost location - answer-(theory) the location of manufacturing establishments is
determined by the minimization of three critical expenses: labor, transportation, and
agglomeration
Lcd / mdc - answer-lcd - less developed country
Mdc - more developed country
Manufacturing export zones - answer-a feature of economic development in peripheral
countries whereby the host country establishes areas with favorable tax, regulatory, and
trade arrangements in order to attract foreign manufacturing operations
Maquiladora - answer-factories built by us companies in mexico near the us porder to
take advantage of much lower labor costs
Market orientation - answer-the tendency of economic activity to locate close to its
market
Multinational corporation - answer-(mnc) - an organization that manufactures and
markets products in many different countries and has multinational stock ownership and
multinational management
Multiplier effect - answer-the direct, indirect, and induced consequences of change in a
n activity. 1. In industrial agglomerations, the cumulative processes by which a given
change (such as a new plant opening) sets in motion a sequence of further industrial
employment and infrastructure growth. 2. In urban geography, the expected additional
of non basic workers and dependents to a city's total employment and population that
accompanies new basic sector employment.
Neo-colonialism - answer-the economic control mdcs are sometimes believed to have
over ldcs
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Export processing zone - answer-(epz) - designated areas of countries where
governments create conditions conducive to export-orientated production
Fixed costs - answer-an activity cost (as of investment in land, plant, and equipment)
that must be met without regard to level of output; an imput cost that is spatially
constant
Footloose industry - answer-a descriptive term applied to manufacturing activities for
which the cost of transporting material or product is not important in determining
location of production; an industry or firm showing neither market nor orientation
Fordism - answer-the manufacturing economy and system derived from assembly-line
mass production and the mass consumption of standardized goods
Foreign direct investment - answer-investment in the economies of lcds by transnational
corporations based in mdcs
Friction of distance - answer-the increase in time and cost that usually comes with
increasing distance
Globalization - answer-the trend toward increased cultural and economic
connectedness between people, businesses, and organizations throughout the world
Gross domestic product - answer-(gdp) - a measure of the total value of goods and
services produced within a country during a year
Gross national product - answer-(gnp) - a measure of the total value of goods and
services produced by the people and corporations in a year including goods and
services produced within and outside the country
Growth pole - answer-an urban center with certain attributes that, if augmented by a
measure of investment support, will stimulate regional economic development in its
hinterland
High - technology corridors - answer-areas designated by local government to benefit
from lower taxes and high-technology infrastructure to provide high tech jobs for the
local population
, Human development index - answer-(hdi) - an aggregate index of development, which
takes into account economic, social, and demographic factors, using gdp, literacy and
education, and life expectancy
International division of labor - answer-a division of work between rich and poor
countries under which low-waged workers in th global south do assembly,
manufacturing, and office work on contract to companies based in the global north
Just in time production - answer-seeks to reduce inventories for the production process
by purchasing inputs for arrival just in time to use and producing output just in time to
sell
Labor intensive - answer-production processes that employ a large amount of labor
relative to the amount of capital equipment
Least cost location - answer-(theory) the location of manufacturing establishments is
determined by the minimization of three critical expenses: labor, transportation, and
agglomeration
Lcd / mdc - answer-lcd - less developed country
Mdc - more developed country
Manufacturing export zones - answer-a feature of economic development in peripheral
countries whereby the host country establishes areas with favorable tax, regulatory, and
trade arrangements in order to attract foreign manufacturing operations
Maquiladora - answer-factories built by us companies in mexico near the us porder to
take advantage of much lower labor costs
Market orientation - answer-the tendency of economic activity to locate close to its
market
Multinational corporation - answer-(mnc) - an organization that manufactures and
markets products in many different countries and has multinational stock ownership and
multinational management
Multiplier effect - answer-the direct, indirect, and induced consequences of change in a
n activity. 1. In industrial agglomerations, the cumulative processes by which a given
change (such as a new plant opening) sets in motion a sequence of further industrial
employment and infrastructure growth. 2. In urban geography, the expected additional
of non basic workers and dependents to a city's total employment and population that
accompanies new basic sector employment.
Neo-colonialism - answer-the economic control mdcs are sometimes believed to have
over ldcs
