BIOS 255
Anatomy & Physiology III
Comprehensive Midterms Review (Qns &
Ans)
2025
1. Which of the following structures is primarily responsible for
the filtration of blood in the kidneys?
- A) Loop of Henle
- B) Bowman's capsule
- C) Proximal convoluted tubule
- D) Distal convoluted tubule
- ANS: B) Bowman's capsule
©/2025
, - Rationale: Bowman's capsule is part of the nephron in the
kidneys where blood filtration begins, capturing filtrate from the
glomerulus.
2. What is the primary function of the sinoatrial (SA) node in the
heart?
- A) To contract the ventricles
- B) To initiate electrical impulses for heartbeats
- C) To pump blood into the aorta
- D) To regulate blood pressure
- ANS: B) To initiate electrical impulses for heartbeats
- Rationale: The sinoatrial (SA) node is known as the natural
pacemaker of the heart, initiating electrical impulses that set the
rhythm for heartbeats.
Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
3. The primary hormone responsible for regulating blood
calcium levels is __________.
- ANS: parathyroid hormone (PTH)
- Rationale: Parathyroid hormone (PTH) regulates blood
calcium levels by increasing calcium absorption in the intestines,
reabsorption in the kidneys, and releasing calcium from bones.
©/2025
,4. The __________ is the part of the brain that controls balance
and coordination.
- ANS: cerebellum
- Rationale: The cerebellum is responsible for coordinating
voluntary movements and maintaining balance and posture.
True/False Questions
5. True or False: The pulmonary arteries carry oxygenated blood
from the lungs to the heart.
- ANS: False
- Rationale: The pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated
blood from the heart to the lungs. The pulmonary veins carry
oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.
6. True or False: Myelin sheath increases the speed of nerve
impulse transmission along the axon.
- ANS: True
- Rationale: The myelin sheath insulates the axon and
increases the speed of nerve impulse transmission by allowing the
impulse to jump between nodes of Ranvier.
©/2025
, Multiple Response Questions
7. Which of the following are functions of the liver? (Select all
that apply)
- A) Detoxification of blood
- B) Synthesis of plasma proteins
- C) Storage of glycogen
- D) Secretion of insulin
- ANS: A) Detoxification of blood, B) Synthesis of plasma
proteins, C) Storage of glycogen
- Rationale: The liver is responsible for detoxifying blood,
synthesizing plasma proteins, and storing glycogen. Insulin
secretion is a function of the pancreas.
8. Which of the following are components of the respiratory
membrane? (Select all that apply)
- A) Alveolar epithelium
- B) Capillary endothelium
- C) Basement membrane
- D) Pleural cavity
- ANS: A) Alveolar epithelium, B) Capillary endothelium, C)
Basement membrane
©/2025
Anatomy & Physiology III
Comprehensive Midterms Review (Qns &
Ans)
2025
1. Which of the following structures is primarily responsible for
the filtration of blood in the kidneys?
- A) Loop of Henle
- B) Bowman's capsule
- C) Proximal convoluted tubule
- D) Distal convoluted tubule
- ANS: B) Bowman's capsule
©/2025
, - Rationale: Bowman's capsule is part of the nephron in the
kidneys where blood filtration begins, capturing filtrate from the
glomerulus.
2. What is the primary function of the sinoatrial (SA) node in the
heart?
- A) To contract the ventricles
- B) To initiate electrical impulses for heartbeats
- C) To pump blood into the aorta
- D) To regulate blood pressure
- ANS: B) To initiate electrical impulses for heartbeats
- Rationale: The sinoatrial (SA) node is known as the natural
pacemaker of the heart, initiating electrical impulses that set the
rhythm for heartbeats.
Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
3. The primary hormone responsible for regulating blood
calcium levels is __________.
- ANS: parathyroid hormone (PTH)
- Rationale: Parathyroid hormone (PTH) regulates blood
calcium levels by increasing calcium absorption in the intestines,
reabsorption in the kidneys, and releasing calcium from bones.
©/2025
,4. The __________ is the part of the brain that controls balance
and coordination.
- ANS: cerebellum
- Rationale: The cerebellum is responsible for coordinating
voluntary movements and maintaining balance and posture.
True/False Questions
5. True or False: The pulmonary arteries carry oxygenated blood
from the lungs to the heart.
- ANS: False
- Rationale: The pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated
blood from the heart to the lungs. The pulmonary veins carry
oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.
6. True or False: Myelin sheath increases the speed of nerve
impulse transmission along the axon.
- ANS: True
- Rationale: The myelin sheath insulates the axon and
increases the speed of nerve impulse transmission by allowing the
impulse to jump between nodes of Ranvier.
©/2025
, Multiple Response Questions
7. Which of the following are functions of the liver? (Select all
that apply)
- A) Detoxification of blood
- B) Synthesis of plasma proteins
- C) Storage of glycogen
- D) Secretion of insulin
- ANS: A) Detoxification of blood, B) Synthesis of plasma
proteins, C) Storage of glycogen
- Rationale: The liver is responsible for detoxifying blood,
synthesizing plasma proteins, and storing glycogen. Insulin
secretion is a function of the pancreas.
8. Which of the following are components of the respiratory
membrane? (Select all that apply)
- A) Alveolar epithelium
- B) Capillary endothelium
- C) Basement membrane
- D) Pleural cavity
- ANS: A) Alveolar epithelium, B) Capillary endothelium, C)
Basement membrane
©/2025
