1. What is the effect of standing on venous pressure in the lower
extremities?
A. Decreases due to muscle contraction b) Increases due to
hydrostatic pressure
C. No change in venous pressure d) Decreases due to venous reflux
Answer: b) Increases due to hydrostatic pressure Rationale:
Venous pressure increases significantly in the lower extremities
when standing due to gravity's effect on hydrostatic pressure.
2. In a patient with an arterial occlusion, what waveform
characteristic is most likely to be observed distally?
A. Monophasic with reduced velocity b) Triphasic with high
resistance c) Biphasic with increased velocity d) Continuous flow
pattern Answer: a) Monophasic with reduced velocity Rationale:
Distal to an occlusion, blood flow becomes monophasic with
reduced velocity due to diminished perfusion.
3. What is the primary cause of claudication?
A. Chronic venous insufficiency b) Arterial stenosis or occlusion c)
Superficial thrombophlebitis d) Neuropathy Answer: b) Arterial
stenosis or occlusion Rationale: Claudication is caused by reduced
blood flow to muscles during exercise due to arterial narrowing or
blockage.
,4. Which test is commonly used to evaluate arterial inflow to the
digits?
A. Photoplethysmography b) Duplex ultrasound c) Segmental
pressure measurement d) ABI Answer: a) Photoplethysmography
Rationale: Photoplethysmography evaluates microvascular
perfusion and arterial inflow in digits.
5. Which vein is commonly used for bypass grafting during a
lower extremity arterial bypass?
A. Basilic vein b) Great saphenous vein c) Small saphenous vein d)
Cephalic vein
Answer: b) Great saphenous vein Rationale: The great saphenous
vein is the preferred conduit for bypass grafts due to its size and
accessibility.
6. Which of the following Doppler findings is consistent with an
arteriovenous fistula?
A. Low resistance, high-velocity flow b) High resistance, low-
velocity flow c) Monophasic flow with no turbulence d) Biphasic
flow with delayed acceleration Answer: a) Low resistance, high-
velocity flow Rationale: Arteriovenous fistulas create a low-
resistance pathway, resulting in high-velocity flow.
, 7. What is the recommended probe frequency for assessing deep
veins of the lower extremity?
A. 2-4 MHz b) 5-7 MHz c) 8-10 MHz
D. 10-15 MHz Answer: b) 5-7 MHz Rationale: A 5-7 MHz probe
balances penetration and resolution, ideal for imaging deep veins.
8. Which vein is commonly involved in May-Thurner syndrome?
A. Great saphenous vein b) Left common iliac vein c) Right
femoral vein d) Popliteal vein Answer: b) Left common iliac vein
Rationale: May-Thurner syndrome involves compression of the
left common iliac vein by the right common iliac artery.
9. What is the primary purpose of using a wall filter in Doppler
ultrasound?
A. To eliminate high-velocity signals b) To reduce noise from
slow-moving structures c) To enhance color fill-in d) To increase
imaging depth Answer: b) To reduce noise from slow-moving
structures Rationale: Wall filters remove low-frequency signals
caused by vessel walls or slow-moving blood.
10. Which artery is evaluated during a transcranial Doppler exam?
A. Carotid artery b) Middle cerebral artery c) Radial artery d)
Subclavian artery Answer: b) Middle cerebral artery Rationale:
Transcranial Doppler evaluates intracranial arteries like the
middle cerebral artery.
extremities?
A. Decreases due to muscle contraction b) Increases due to
hydrostatic pressure
C. No change in venous pressure d) Decreases due to venous reflux
Answer: b) Increases due to hydrostatic pressure Rationale:
Venous pressure increases significantly in the lower extremities
when standing due to gravity's effect on hydrostatic pressure.
2. In a patient with an arterial occlusion, what waveform
characteristic is most likely to be observed distally?
A. Monophasic with reduced velocity b) Triphasic with high
resistance c) Biphasic with increased velocity d) Continuous flow
pattern Answer: a) Monophasic with reduced velocity Rationale:
Distal to an occlusion, blood flow becomes monophasic with
reduced velocity due to diminished perfusion.
3. What is the primary cause of claudication?
A. Chronic venous insufficiency b) Arterial stenosis or occlusion c)
Superficial thrombophlebitis d) Neuropathy Answer: b) Arterial
stenosis or occlusion Rationale: Claudication is caused by reduced
blood flow to muscles during exercise due to arterial narrowing or
blockage.
,4. Which test is commonly used to evaluate arterial inflow to the
digits?
A. Photoplethysmography b) Duplex ultrasound c) Segmental
pressure measurement d) ABI Answer: a) Photoplethysmography
Rationale: Photoplethysmography evaluates microvascular
perfusion and arterial inflow in digits.
5. Which vein is commonly used for bypass grafting during a
lower extremity arterial bypass?
A. Basilic vein b) Great saphenous vein c) Small saphenous vein d)
Cephalic vein
Answer: b) Great saphenous vein Rationale: The great saphenous
vein is the preferred conduit for bypass grafts due to its size and
accessibility.
6. Which of the following Doppler findings is consistent with an
arteriovenous fistula?
A. Low resistance, high-velocity flow b) High resistance, low-
velocity flow c) Monophasic flow with no turbulence d) Biphasic
flow with delayed acceleration Answer: a) Low resistance, high-
velocity flow Rationale: Arteriovenous fistulas create a low-
resistance pathway, resulting in high-velocity flow.
, 7. What is the recommended probe frequency for assessing deep
veins of the lower extremity?
A. 2-4 MHz b) 5-7 MHz c) 8-10 MHz
D. 10-15 MHz Answer: b) 5-7 MHz Rationale: A 5-7 MHz probe
balances penetration and resolution, ideal for imaging deep veins.
8. Which vein is commonly involved in May-Thurner syndrome?
A. Great saphenous vein b) Left common iliac vein c) Right
femoral vein d) Popliteal vein Answer: b) Left common iliac vein
Rationale: May-Thurner syndrome involves compression of the
left common iliac vein by the right common iliac artery.
9. What is the primary purpose of using a wall filter in Doppler
ultrasound?
A. To eliminate high-velocity signals b) To reduce noise from
slow-moving structures c) To enhance color fill-in d) To increase
imaging depth Answer: b) To reduce noise from slow-moving
structures Rationale: Wall filters remove low-frequency signals
caused by vessel walls or slow-moving blood.
10. Which artery is evaluated during a transcranial Doppler exam?
A. Carotid artery b) Middle cerebral artery c) Radial artery d)
Subclavian artery Answer: b) Middle cerebral artery Rationale:
Transcranial Doppler evaluates intracranial arteries like the
middle cerebral artery.
