HRCI aPHR CERTIFICATION EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS

HRCI aPHR CERTIFICATION EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS "The Tax Reform Act (1986) - CORRECT ANSWER restricted the federal income tax exemption of interest for municipal bonds to public purpose bonds, which are bonds issued to finance projects that benefit citizens in general rather than particular private interests"n "The Taxpayer Relief Act (1997) - CORRECT ANSWER Created a new savings programs called Roth IRAs and Education IRAs. Many individuals were able to achieve a better tax position through these tools."n "The Trademark Act (1946) - CORRECT ANSWER Created federal protection for trademarks and service marks."n "The Clayton Act (1914) - CORRECT ANSWER prohibits mergers and acquisitions that would less competition, a single person cannot be a director of two or more competing corporations, and restricts use of injunctions against labor, and legalized peaceful strikes, picketing, and boycotts."n "The Consumer Credit Protection Act (1968) - CORRECT ANSWER Limits the amount of wages that can be garnished or withheld in any one week and prohibits employee dismissal because of garnishments."n "The Copeland "Anti-Kickback" Act (1934) - CORRECT ANSWER Precludes a federal contractor or subcontractor from inducing an employee to give up any part of their wages to the employers for the benefit of having a job."n "The Copyright Act (1976) - CORRECT ANSWER Protection of "original works" for authors so others may not print, duplicate, distribute, or sell their work."n "The Copyright Terms Extension (1998) - CORRECT ANSWER Further extended copyright protection to the duration of the author's life plus 70 years for general copyrights and to 95 years for works made for hire and works copyrighted before 1978."n "The Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act (EGTRRA) (2001) - CORRECT ANSWER Adjust pension vesting schedules, increasing retirement plan limits, permitting pretax catch-up contributions by participants older than 50."n "Progressive Discipline Policy - CORRECT ANSWER Severe penalties for repeated offenses, typically beginning with counseling or verbal warning. Used for warning off unionization and ensure uniformity and consistency."n "Purpose of HRIS - CORRECT ANSWER provides data management and accurate and timely information for decision-making. Streamlines HR operational, managerial and executive support processes"n "Job Analysis and ADA - CORRECT ANSWER used to define the essential elements of the job including physical demands, handicapped individuals be given "reasonable accommodation" in the workplace."n "Job Analysis and FLSA - CORRECT ANSWER includes 1.5 pay rate for 40+ hours, exemption for outside sales reps."n "Job Analysis and Affirmative Action - CORRECT ANSWER Federal Contractors how to handle affirmative action. Recordkeeping requirement, internet applicant, removing physical/mental job requirements from analysis."n "Hiring Management Systems (HMS) - CORRECT ANSWER Refers to more extensive ATS and syncing with HRIS system."n "The Electronic Communications Privacy Act (ECPA) (1986) - CORRECT ANSWER Provides rules for access, use, disclosure, interpretation, and privacy protections of electronic communications, and they provide the possibility of both civil and criminal penalties for violations. Ex: monitoring employee emails, messages, recording calls, and cameras in the workplace. The employer needs to give proper notice."n "Employee Polygraph Protection Act (1988) - CORRECT ANSWER Federal law that prohibits the use or suggestion of lie detector tests in most employment situations"n "The Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) (1974) - CORRECT ANSWER sets minimum standards for most voluntarily established retirement and health plans in private industry to provide protection for individuals in these plans."n "The Equal Pay Act (1963) - CORRECT ANSWER An amendment to the Fair Labor Standards Act, this act requires equal pay for men and women doing equal work."n "The FAA Modernization and Reform Act (2012) - CORRECT ANSWER Includes measures that amend the Railway Labor Act to change union certification election processes in the railroad and airline industries and impose greater oversight of the regulatory activities of the National Mediation Board. Requires a Government Accountability Office (GAO) review and audit of NMB operations every 2 years."n "The Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act (FACT) (2003) - CORRECT ANSWER Amendments to the Fair Credit Reporting Act to provide financial privacy of employees and job applicants. Requirements in third part investigations of employee misconduct charges."n "The Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA) (1970) - CORRECT ANSWER This law protects consumers against inaccurate credit reporting and requires lenders and creditors to correct errors. It permits consumer credit reporting agencies to issue credit reports to users only for specified purposes and only under certain circumstances, requires creditors to inform the consumer if credit has been denied because of information on the consumer's credit report (and also gives consumers the right to the source of such information), and provides the consumer with mechanisms by which to request a copy of his or her credit report and to challenge information contained therein."n "The Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) (1938) - CORRECT ANSWER This federal law covers employers engaged in interstate commerce, regulates child labor, maximum hours, and minimum wages. The law, among other things, specifically prohibits children under the age of 14 from most types of work, making exceptions for, e.g., lawn care, newspaper delivery, and entertainment, and restricts the employment of children between the ages of 15-18 in various ways. It also requires employers to pay employees who agree to work more than 40 hours per week no less than one and a half (1½) times their regular pay for all hours over 40."n "FLSA: Record Keeping - CORRECT ANSWER • Personal information • Hour & day work week begins • Total hours worked per work day & per work week • Regular hourly pay rate for any week involving overtime • Total overtime pay for work week • Deductions from or addition to wages • Total wages paid each pay period • Date of payment and pay period covered"n "Child Labor Provisions - CORRECT ANSWER Limits hours of work for minors under 16 and lists hazardous occupations too dangerous for them"n "Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) (1997) - CORRECT ANSWER Prohibits American companies from making corrupt payments to foreign officials for the purpose of obtaining or keeping business."n "The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) (1996) - CORRECT ANSWER Ensures that individuals who leave/lose their jobs can obtain health coverage even if they or someone in their family has a serious illness, injury, or pregnant. It allows people to change jobs without loss of coverage."n "The Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) (1952) - CORRECT ANSWER Fundamental body of US immigration law. Provisions apply to all employers. Addresses employment eligibility and employment verification; defines the conditions for the temporary and permanent employment of aliens in the US"n "Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 - CORRECT ANSWER Federal law requiring employers to verify and maintain records on applicants' legal rights to work in the United States"n "The IRS Intermediate Sanctions (2002) - CORRECT ANSWER Provides guidelines regarding the determination of reasonable compensation for executives of nonprofit organizations; allows the IRS to impose penalties when it determines that top officials have received excessive compensation from their organizations"n "The Labor Management Relations Act (LMRA) - CORRECT ANSWER Act that provides balance of power between union and management by designating certain union activities as unfair labor practices; also known as Taft-Hartley Act."n "The Labor Management Reporting and Disclosure Act - CORRECT ANSWER A federal law enacted in 1959 that established a system of reporting and checks intended to uncover and prevent fraud and corruption among union officials by regulating internal operating procedures and union matters. Also known as Landrum-Griffin Act."n "The Mine Safety and Health Act (1977) - CORRECT ANSWER Established mandatory mine safety and health standards and created MSHA, brought all coal, metal, and non metal operations together."n "National Industrial Recovery Act - CORRECT ANSWER A New Deal legislation that focused on the employment of the unemployed and the regulation of unfair business ethics. The NIRA pumped cash into the economy to stimulate the job market and created codes that businesses were to follow to maintain the ideal of fair competition and created the NRA."n "National Labor Relations Act - CORRECT ANSWER A 1935 law, also known as the Wagner Act, that guarantees workers the right of collective bargaining sets down rules to protect unions and organizers, and created the National Labor Relations Board to regulate labor-managment relations."n "Needlestick Safety and Prevention Act - CORRECT ANSWER A law enacted in 2000 requiring employers to identify, evaluate, and introduce safer medical devices to avoid needlesticks"n "Norris-LaGuardia Act - CORRECT ANSWER Act that guarantees workers' right to organize and restricts issuance of court injunctions against nonviolent union activity such as strikes, picketing, and boycotts."n "The Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) - CORRECT ANSWER Created to protect worker and health. Its main aim was to ensure that employers provide their workers with an environment free from dangers to their safety and health, such as exposure to toxic chemicals, excessive noise levels, mechanical dangers, heat or cold stress, or unsanitary conditions."n "The Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (OBRA) - CORRECT ANSWER Reduces compensation limits in qualified retirement programs and triggers increased activity in non-qualified retirement programs."n "The Pension Protection Act (PPA) (2006) - CORRECT ANSWER Changes the laws that affect defined benefit and contribution plans, individual retirement accounts, and other issues related to retirement planning."n "The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (1996) - CORRECT ANSWER Requires states to establish/maintain a new hire reporting system designed to enhance enforcement of child support payments. Requires Welfare recipients to begin working after 2 years of receiving benefits."n "The Portal-to-Portal Act (1947) - CORRECT ANSWER Law defines "hours worked" and establishes rules about payment of wages to employees who travel before/after and their scheduled work shift. The act provides that minimum wage and overtime are not required for traveling to and from the actual place of performance of the principal activity."n "The Railway Labor Act (1926) - CORRECT ANSWER provide a peaceful way for railroads and their employees to resolve their disputes; also applies to common carrier rail service and commercial airline employees"n "The Rehabilitation Act (1926) - CORRECT ANSWER created support for the states to create vocational rehabilitation programs and provides protection against disabled employees."n "The Retirement Equity Act (REA) (1984) - CORRECT ANSWER Provides certain legal protections for spousal beneficiaries of qualified retirement programs"n "The Revenue Act (1978) - CORRECT ANSWER Adds two important sections to the Tax Code relevant to employee benefits: Sections 125, Cafeteria Benefit Plans and 401(k)"n "The Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) (2002) - CORRECT ANSWER A federal statute that establishes rules to improve corporate governance, prevent fraud, and add transparency to corporate operations."n "The Securities and Exchange Act (1965) - CORRECT ANSWER Law provides for governance in the "secondary market" which is all trading after initial public offering"n "The Service Contract Act (1965) - CORRECT ANSWER Required government contractors to pay prevailing wages and benefits"n "The Sherman Anti-Trust Act (1890) - CORRECT ANSWER first federal action against monopolies; the law gave government power to regulate combinations "in restraint of trade." Until the early 1900s, however, this power was used more often against labor unions than against trusts."n "The Small Business Job Protection Act (1996) - CORRECT ANSWER Redefined highly compensated individuals; detailed minimum participation requirements; simplified 401(k) tests; corrected qualified plan and disclosure requirements"n "The Social Security Act (1935) - CORRECT ANSWER Provided old-age pension (retirement), and a program of unemployment insurance (temporary aid to help people who lose jobs to find a new job), and federal welfare program (aid for very poor). Most famous and important legacy of New Deal. Has resulted (along with Medicare) with drastic reduction in poverty among elderly in the US"n “Professional Certification - CORRECT ANSWER based on work experience, education, and require re-certification"n "Certificate Program - CORRECT ANSWER Does not require work experience, education, or re-certification"n "The Unemployment Compensation Amendments (UCA) (1992) - CORRECT ANSWER Established 20 percent as the amount to be withheld from payment of employee savings accounts when leaving an employer and not placing the funds (rolling over) into another tax-approved IRA or 401K."n "The Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Right Act (USERRA) (1994) - CORRECT ANSWER Protects the employment, reemployment, and retention rights of anyone who voluntarily and involuntarily serves or has served in the uniformed services."n "The Vietnam Era Veterans Readjustment Assistance Act (1974) - CORRECT ANSWER All employers subject to the law to post their job openings with their local state employment service for recruiting of veterans."n "The Wagner-Peyser Act of 1933 - CORRECT ANSWER created the U.S. Employment service (1939). The services offers job search and placement assistance. Offers recruitment services to job employers. In 1998, the Employment Services was amended to include One-Stop Delivery System, which provides many services under one roof"n "The Walsh-Healey Act (Public Contracts Act) (1936) - CORRECT ANSWER Act that extended concept of prevailing wage to employers who manufacture or supply goods under government contracts and required time and a half"n "Work Opportunity Tax Credit (WOTC) (1996) - CORRECT ANSWER Income tax credit to encourage employers to hire people from targeted groups. Including, veterans, ex-felons, etc."n "The Labor Management Reporting and Disclosure Act (1959) - CORRECT ANSWER Provides for the reporting and disclosure of certain financial transactions and administrative practices of labor organizations and employers to prevent abuses in the administration of trusteeships by labor organizations."n "whistle-blowing - CORRECT ANSWER informing the press or government officials about unethical practices within one's organization"n "Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) - CORRECT ANSWER Comprehensive legislation that is designed to protect individuals with disabilities against discrimination."n "The Civil Rights Act (Title VII) (1964) - CORRECT ANSWER prohibits discrimination in employment on the basis of race, religion, color, sex, or national origin"n "The Civil Rights Act (1991) - CORRECT ANSWER amended the original civil rights act, making it easier to bring discrimination lawsuits while also limiting punitive damages that can be awarded in those lawsuits"n "The Drug-Free Workplace Act (1998) - CORRECT ANSWER Requires some Federal contractors and all Federal grantees to agree that they will provide drug-free workplaces as a precondition of receiving a contract or grant from a Federal agency."n "Equal Employment Opportunity Act - CORRECT ANSWER The absence of employment discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin."n "The Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA) (2008) - CORRECT ANSWER Prohibits employers from using genetic information to make employment decisions."n "Guidelines on Discrimination Because of Sex (1980) - CORRECT ANSWER Only thing at the time that employers were able to turn to for help in managing the problem of sexual harassment in the workplace"n "The Lily Ledbetter Fair Pay Act (2009) - CORRECT ANSWER each time a person is paid discriminatory wages, benefits or compensation, a cause of action arises and the victim has 180 days to file a complaint."n "The Pregnancy Discrimination Act (1978) - CORRECT ANSWER Treats discrimination based on pregnancy-related conditions as illegal sex discrimination"n "The Uniform Guidelines on Employee Selection Procedures (1978) - CORRECT ANSWER Employers using selections tools (written test, oral test, interview, writing prompt, etc.) Needs to have validation and apply to the job."n "The Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) - CORRECT ANSWER Act that prohibits discrimination in employment for persons age 40 and over."n "The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) (2009) - CORRECT ANSWER Legislation to create government infrastructure projects such as highways, buildings, dams, and such. An attempt to find ways to re-employ many of the workers who had become unemployed since the great recession began in 2007."n "The Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (COBRA) (1986) - CORRECT ANSWER Requires employers with group health insurance programs to offer terminating employees the opportunity to continue their health plan coverage after they are no longer on payroll or no longer qualify for benefit coverage."n "The Older Workers Benefit Protection Act (OWBPA) (1990) - CORRECT ANSWER Prohibits using an employees age as the basis for discrimination in benefits, targeting older workers during staff reductions, requiring older workers to waive their rights"n "Affirmative Action - CORRECT ANSWER A policy designed to redress past discrimination against women and minority groups through measures to improve their economic and educational opportunities"n "Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) - CORRECT ANSWER Federal law requiring organizations with 50 or more employees to provide up to 12 weeks of unpaid leave after childbirth or adoption; to care for a seriously ill family member or for an employee's own serious illness; or to take care of urgent needs that arise when a spouse, child, or parent in the National Guard or Reserve is called to active duty"n "Mental Health Parity Act (MHPA) (1996) - CORRECT ANSWER forbids health plans from placing lifetime or annual limits on mental health coverage that are less generous than those placed on medical or surgical benefits"n "The Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act (MHPAEA) (2008) - CORRECT ANSWER Requires that a plan offer both medical/surgical benefits and mental health and/or substance abuse treatment benefits provide parity between types of benefits."n "The National Defense Authorization Act (2008) - CORRECT ANSWER Provides additional FMLA leave for military families, expanding FMLA to include employees caring for an injured service member as well as those who have a family member called to active duty."n "The Affordable Care Act - CORRECT ANSWER An expansion of medicaid, most of employers must provide health insurance, have insurance or face surtax, prevents rejection based on pre-existing condition. Also referred to as "Obamacare", signed into law in 2010."n "Executive Order 13706: Paid Sick Leave for Federal Contractors - CORRECT ANSWER Federal Contractors are directed to provide up to 56 hours of paid sick leave annually. The leave is accrued at the rate of an hour for every 30 hours worked."n "The Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Notification (WARN) Act - CORRECT ANSWER Prevents employers from just shutting the door and walking away without any worker benefits. Must give 60 day notice of a plant closing or mass lay off (33% of workforce)"n "The Civil Service Reform Act (1978) - CORRECT ANSWER recognized that many high level positions in the civil service have important policy making responsibilities and that the president and his cabinet officers ought to have more flexibility in recruiting, assigning, and paying such people."n "The Office of Personnel Management (OPM) - CORRECT ANSWER The office in charge of hiring for most agencies of the federal government, using elaborate rules in the process."n "The Merit System Protection Board (MSPB) - CORRECT ANSWER Prohibits consideration of marital status, political activity, or political affiliation in dealing with federal civilian employees."n "Federal Labor Relations Authority (FLRA) - CORRECT ANSWER Monitors the relations between unionized bureaucrats and the federal government"n "The Congressional Accountability Act (1995) - CORRECT ANSWER Required all federal employment legislation passed by Congress to apply to congressional employees"n "The False Claims Act (1863) - CORRECT ANSWER An act that allows employees to sue employers on behalf of the federal government for fraud against the government. The employee retains a share of the recovery as a reward for his or her efforts."n "The Homeland Security Act (2002) - CORRECT ANSWER The E-verify system resides here and the rapid verification of Social Security Numbers to valid right to work in this country."n "The Privacy Act (1974) - CORRECT ANSWER Restricts the way in which personal data can be used by federal agencies Individuals must be permitted access to information stored about them and may correct any information that is incorrect. Agencies must insure both the security and confidentiality of any sensitive information."n "The Davis-Bacon Act (1931) - CORRECT ANSWER Requires contractors and subcontractors working on federal government construction projects ($2000+) to pay their employees "prevailing wages". Only applies to laborers and mechanics. Allows trainees and apprentices to be paid less."n "The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (2010) - CORRECT ANSWER Regulates the financial markets and protects consumers. Includes a non-binding vote for stakeholders on executive compensation, golden parachutes, and return of executive compensation based on inaccurate financial statements."n "The USA Patriot Act (2001) - CORRECT ANSWER Strengthens the federal government's power to conduct surveillance, perform searches, and detain individuals in order to combat terrorism."n "E-1 Treaty Trader - CORRECT ANSWER E-1 = 2 Years / 2 Year Increments (not beyond 6 months exp. P.P.) P.P. / N.I.V. Must be a National of Treaty Country they Dependents can not work"n "E-2 Treaty Investor - CORRECT ANSWER E-2 = 2 Years / 2 Year Increments (not beyond 6 months exp. P.P.) P.P. / N.I.V. Must be a National of Treaty Country they represent Dependents May Not work"n "H1-B - CORRECT ANSWER H1-B is a visa for technical workers; employer fees are used to pay for training grants to prepare American workers for selected careers. Must have a Bachelor's Degree."n "H1-C - CORRECT ANSWER Immigration visa for registered nurses working in a health professional shortage area"n "H-2A Visa - CORRECT ANSWER Immigration Visa for Temporary Agricultural Workers"n "H-2B - CORRECT ANSWER Immigration Visa for temporary worker: skilled and unskilled"n "H-3 Nonimmigrant Trainee - CORRECT ANSWER Employees must be trainees receiving training in any field of endeavor, other than graduate medical education, that is not available in their home country. Or they are in a Special Education Exchange Visitor Program."n "L-1 Intra-Company Transferee - CORRECT ANSWER allows qualifying organization to move an employee from another qualifying country into the U.S for a temporary assignment either that is managerial in nature or requires specialized knowledge."n "L1-A Managers and Executives - CORRECT ANSWER Intracompany transferees coming to the U.S to work in a manager or executive capacity. Visa is maxed at 7 years."n "O-1 Alien - CORRECT ANSWER Immigration Visa for extraordinary ability in arts, science, education, business and athletics. Includes EB visas."n "hiring - CORRECT ANSWER Process of selecting your top choices and making an employment offer"n "Staffing - CORRECT ANSWER includes all of the activities involved in obtaining, preparing, and compensating the people who work for a business"n "employment - CORRECT ANSWER Agreement between an employer and employee"n "Co-employment - CORRECT ANSWER Situation in which an organization shares responsibility and liability for their alternative workers with an alternative staffing supplier; also known as joint employment."n "Staffing, usually called unemployment, involves three activities: - CORRECT ANSWER human resource planning, recruitment, and selection"n "Employee Relations - CORRECT ANSWER the activity that involves establishing and maintaining the positive employee-employer relationships that contribute to satisfactory productivity, motivation, morale, and discipline, and to maintaining a positive, productive, and cohesive work environment"n "Records Management - CORRECT ANSWER the systematic control of all records from their creation or receipt, through their processing, distribution, organization, storage, and retrieval, to their ultimate disposition"n "Compensation - CORRECT ANSWER All forms of pay going to employees arising from their employment"n "Training - CORRECT ANSWER teaching new employee the basic skills they need to perform their jobs"n "Development - CORRECT ANSWER act of encouraging employees to acquire new or advanced skills, knowledge, and viewpoints by providing learning facilities and avenues where such new ideas can be applied."n "Human Resource Generalist - CORRECT ANSWER Person who devotes a majority of working time to human resource issues, but does not specialize in any specific areas."n "Human Resource Specialist - CORRECT ANSWER Members of a department who specialize in a particular human resource function, such as staffing, compensation, or employee relations."n "Organizational Strategy - CORRECT ANSWER the sum of the actions a company intends to take to achieve long-term goals"n "mission - CORRECT ANSWER written declaration of organizational core purpose and focus that normally remains unchanged over time. Something to be accomplished."n "vision - CORRECT ANSWER Aspirational description of what an organization would like to achieve or accomplish in the mid-term. Something to be pursued for that accomplishment."n "Values - CORRECT ANSWER the ideas, beliefs, and attitudes about what is important that help guide the way you live"n "Goals and Objectives - CORRECT ANSWER statements of an accomplishment of a task to be achieved, often by a specific time"n "Organizational Culture - CORRECT ANSWER the set of values, ideas, attitudes, and norms of behavior that is learned and shared among the members of an organization"n "Tradition - CORRECT ANSWER inherited, established, or customary pattern of thought, action, or behavior."n "One of the common complaints of executives is that human resource people do not understand the business.... - CORRECT ANSWER they do not know what is required to make a profit or how to speak the language of business"n "flat organization - CORRECT ANSWER one with an organizational structure with few or no levels of middle management between top managers and those reporting to them"n "Functional Organization - CORRECT ANSWER Departmentalization around specialized activities such as production, marketing, and human resources."n "divisional organization - CORRECT ANSWER Departmentalization that groups units around products, customers, or geographic regions."n "Matrix Organization - CORRECT ANSWER An organization in which specialists from different parts of the organization are brought together to work on specific projects but still remain part of a line-and-staff structure."n "Advantage of functional departmentalization is that it promotes skill specialization, the disadvantages are... - CORRECT ANSWER it reduces communication and cooperation between departments"n "HR policies and procedures - CORRECT ANSWER Continuing guidelines on the approach of the organization intends to adopt in managing its people. Must be a written statement."n "3 major purposes on HR policies - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Reassure employees they will be treated fairly and objectively 2. Help managers make rapid and consistent decisions 3. Give managers the confidence to resolve problems and defend their decisions"n "ADA HR policy - CORRECT ANSWER Title I of ADA requires employer to provide "reasonable accommodation" Employers adopt a written policy with a formal ADA approach to attain diversity goals, access larger labor pool, and take advantage of tax incentives"n "EEO HR policy - CORRECT ANSWER Require covered employers to inform their employees of their right to be free from workplace discrimination. Post in employee handbook and other distributed literature."n "Employee Handbooks and Policy Manuals - CORRECT ANSWER describe your legal obligations as an employer and your employees rights"n "Things included in the Employee Handbook - CORRECT ANSWER NDAs, Anti-Discrimination policies, compensation, workers compensation, work schedules. standards of conduct, general employment information, safety/security, and computers technology"n "HR Metrics - CORRECT ANSWER determine the value and effectiveness of HR initiatives, typically including turnover, training, return on human capital, cost of labor, and expenses per employee"n "Top 5 Employee Relations Metrics you should be tracking - CORRECT ANSWER 1. # of grievances per month/quarter/year 2. cost of grievances 3. Root cause of grievances 4. Average close time of grievance 5. Return on Investment (ROI)"n "Consider the following when choosing what HR Metrics to focus on - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Long/Short Term goals with C-suite to ensure HR is aligned 2. Define each HR metric and its formula 3. Determine what data is collected, what collection methods are available, how data will be gathered. 4. How often will be collected and reported 5. What format will be used to report the data and who will receive report 6. Review what is being measured on a regular basis"n "Reliability refers to consistency - CORRECT ANSWER of a measure"n "Surveys - CORRECT ANSWER leads to higher retention rates, lower absenteeism, improved productivity, and higher employee morale"n "3 most common types of employee surveys - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Climate Surveys 2. Culture Surveys 3. Engagement Survey"n "Interviews - CORRECT ANSWER job analysis/evaluation, performance evaluations and employment interviews when data collected by interview method"n "Observation - CORRECT ANSWER Observe what people actually do or say can be time consuming"n "Reporting and Presentation Techniques - CORRECT ANSWER Simplicity will ensure that the results of your evaluations both accessible and understandable . Written and Oral/Visual."n "Histogram - CORRECT ANSWER A graph of vertical bars representing the frequency distribution of a set of data."n "bar chart - CORRECT ANSWER a chart with bars whose lengths are proportional to quantities"n "pie chart - CORRECT ANSWER a chart that shows the relationship of a part to a whole"n "Impact of Technology on HR - CORRECT ANSWER Needs technology at its core, embrace and build on technological advancements to meet both employee expectations and business requirements. HR Portals have advantage of allowing employees to monitor their own personal info."n "Big Data - CORRECT ANSWER Gives HR fact-based view, predictive analytics allow for better risk management decisions, allow recruiters to asses potential employees based on real information."n "OSHA reporting requirements - CORRECT ANSWER report injury/illness records, collect better info, simplify record keeping"n "ERISA Record Keeping - CORRECT ANSWER quick reference tool for certain basic reporting/disclosure requirements"n "ACA Reporting Requirements - CORRECT ANSWER given extra time to give these forms to employees and file them the government"n "Job Analysis - CORRECT ANSWER the process of getting detailed information about jobs"n "job description - CORRECT ANSWER a written description of the basic tasks, duties, and responsibilities required of an employee holding a particular job"n "Job Analysis can be used in selection procedures to legally or develop the following: - CORRECT ANSWER - include duties in advertisement - salary level - minimum requirements - interview questions - selection test/instruments - applicant appraisal form - orientation material"n "skills analysis - CORRECT ANSWER evaluates how much internal and external research must be done and who is able to complete it"n "skills gap - CORRECT ANSWER The difference between the skills that employers want, as shown by their job advertisements, and those that are available from workers looking for a job."n "Job Description Components - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Heading Information- job title, OT, hours, etc. 2. Summary Objective of the Job 3. Qualifications 4. Special Demands 5. Job Duties/Responsibilities"n "Why use Job Descriptions - CORRECT ANSWER - Avoid confusion of what they are required to do - Avoids conflict - Can be used as guides as the practice grows - Attracts best talent"n "Exempt employees - CORRECT ANSWER Managers, outside salespeople, and any other employees not covered by the FLSA requirement for overtime pay."n "Non-exempt employees - CORRECT ANSWER employees covered by the FLSA requirements for overtime pay"n "Recruiting Firms - CORRECT ANSWER agencies that specialize in matching qualified candidates to available jobs"n "staffing agencies - CORRECT ANSWER Firms that hire and place workers in temporary jobs"n "Benefit Brokers - CORRECT ANSWER provide clients with the most appropriate health insurance policy"n "Applicant Database - CORRECT ANSWER track applicants information for job openings and standard for the type of record keeping"n "Applicant Tracking System (ATS) - CORRECT ANSWER Software application that automates organizations' management of the recruiting process (such as accepting application materials, screening applicants, etc.)."n "Job applications - CORRECT ANSWER written information about skills and education, job experiences and other job relevant information. screening method. Not required by law."n "Self-indentification - CORRECT ANSWER treated as confidential, required to establish/maintain records of the employee demographics. Include race, gender/sex, veteran, and disabled status."n "EEO-1 - CORRECT ANSWER The EEOC's Employer Information Report, which counts employees sorted by job category, sex, ethnicity, and race."n "EEO-4 - CORRECT ANSWER state and local governments, categories for race/ethnic."n "Pre-employment tests - CORRECT ANSWER Tests that organizations give to job applicants to help them hire employees who are productive, dependable, and low-turnover. Must e valid, reliable, job-related predictor."n "Public Employment Services - CORRECT ANSWER state employment services, veterans organization, organizations for disabled, and local educational institutions"n "Job Sharing - CORRECT ANSWER To share the responsibilities and duties of a single full time job with one or more other employees."n "employee leasing - CORRECT ANSWER The process of dismissing employees who are then hired by a leasing company (which handles all HR-related activities) and contracting with that company to lease back the employees"n "Professional Employer Organization (PEO) - CORRECT ANSWER An organization that processes payroll and also provides human resource management services such as employee benefit design and administration."n "Managed service providers (MSPs) - CORRECT ANSWER Shifting workload out of the organization through a contract with another employer organization"n "temp to lease - CORRECT ANSWER org contracts with 2 (usually affiliated) staffing firms - generally a temp services and a PEO; the temp firm assigns long term temps to a client org and after a period of time, the employees are promoted to lease status and become eligible for benefits from PEO"n "Prescreening - CORRECT ANSWER Used for high volume candidates. Screen out candidates that do not meet minimum requirements."n "Patterned interview - CORRECT ANSWER Type of interview in which interviewer asks each applicant questions that are from the same knowledge, skill, or ability area; also called targeted interview."n "Directive interview - CORRECT ANSWER Type of interview in which interviewer poses specific questions to a candidate and keeps control."n "nondirective interview - CORRECT ANSWER a selection interview in which the interviewer has great discretion in choosing questions to ask each candidate"n "Behavioral Interview - CORRECT ANSWER Type of interview that focuses on how applicants previously handled real situations."n "stress interview - CORRECT ANSWER Type of interview in which the interviewer assumes an aggressive posture to see how a candidate responds to stressful situations."n "situational interview - CORRECT ANSWER a structured interview in which the interviewer describes a situation likely to arise on the job, then asks the candidate what he or she would do in that situation"n "panel interview - CORRECT ANSWER selection interview in which several members of the organization meet to interview each candidate"n "Fishbowl interview - CORRECT ANSWER Interactive type of group interview that helps employer learn how individual interacts with others to solve business-related issues as well as individual's depth of analytical skills and natural abilities as leader or team player."n "Team interview - CORRECT ANSWER Interview in which applicants are interviewed by the team members with whom they will work."n "negative emphasis bias - CORRECT ANSWER Bias that occurs when an interviewer or reviewer allows a small amount of negative information to outweigh positive information about a candidate or employee."n "halo effect - CORRECT ANSWER tendency of an interviewer to allow positive characteristics of a client to influence the assessments of the client's behavior and statements"n "Horn effect bias - CORRECT ANSWER When a candidate is evaluated negatively because of one characteristic"n "contrast bias - CORRECT ANSWER A type of bias that occurs when comparing one candidate to others."n "Similar to me error bias - CORRECT ANSWER Judging based on shared (or not shared) personal characteristics"n "Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 - CORRECT ANSWER Federal law requiring employers to verify and maintain records on applicants' legal rights to work in the United States"n "E-Verify - CORRECT ANSWER Internet-based verification system that allows employers to verify the employment eligibility of their employees regardless of citizenship."n "Recruitment Retention Records - CORRECT ANSWER Keep for 1 year"n "Form I-9 Record Keeping - CORRECT ANSWER Keep for three years since filing or one year after termination"n "Polygraph record keeping - CORRECT ANSWER keep for 3 years"n "Affirmative Action plan/data record keeping - CORRECT ANSWER keep for 2 years"n "credit report record keeping - CORRECT ANSWER no time requirement, needs to be shredded"n "Drug Test Record Keeping - CORRECT ANSWER 1 year or DOT 5 years"n "financial inducements - CORRECT ANSWER provide a balance between what work is performed and the reward received for doing the work"n "Total Rewards - CORRECT ANSWER encompass not only compensation and benefits, but also personal and professional growth opportunities and a motivating work environment that includes recognition, job design, and work-life balance"n "Direct Compensation - CORRECT ANSWER Pay that is received by an employee, including base pay, differential pay, and incentive pay"n "Indirect Compensation - CORRECT ANSWER provides recognition and benefits not cash based. Ex: vacation, PTO, etc."n "Non financial Inducements - CORRECT ANSWER more substantial impact on employee satisfaction ex: work climate, career development, recognition, other non financial issues."n "Executive Order 13665 - CORRECT ANSWER directs regulators to develop financial industry specific rules"n "Wage Survey - CORRECT ANSWER a collection of data on prevailing wage rates within an industry or a geographic area"n "Job Evaluation - CORRECT ANSWER systematic process for addressing the relative worth of jobs within an organization. Analysis of each positions tasks, responsibilities, knowledge and skills."n "Non quantitative job evaluation - CORRECT ANSWER Rank jobs as a whole based on their perceived worth without placing a numerical value on each job"n "Quantitative job evaluation - CORRECT ANSWER A technique that displays a hierarchy of job worth by examining occupations in terms of certain numerical indexes and factors."n "whole job comparison - CORRECT ANSWER the job with the highest number of upward movements is the high rank. Judged on skills, effort, responsibility, and working conditions. Quick and Easy but not precise."n "Job classification - CORRECT ANSWER Job evaluation method in which descriptions are written for each class of jobs; individual jobs are then put into the grade that best matches their class description."n "Benchmark jobs - CORRECT ANSWER Jobs used as reference points when setting up a job classification system and when designing or modifying a pay structure."n "job to predetermined standard comparison - CORRECT ANSWER compare similar job to other jobs in the general standard to determine its relative ranking"n "Hay Plan - CORRECT ANSWER Point-factor job evaluation system; also known as the Guide Chart-Profile. Uses standard criteria, know-how, problem solving, and accountability."n "5 steps of point factor method - CORRECT ANSWER 1. identify key jobs 2. identify the compensable factors 3. Weight the factors according to their overall worth 4. Divide each job factor into degrees that range from high to low 5. Table that gives a complete range of points"n "Factor comparison method - CORRECT ANSWER Job comparison method that ranks each job by each selected compensable factor and then identifies dollar values to develop a pay rate. Advantages - broad application. Disadvantages- someone has to make decisions on the relative worth of each factor."n "pay grades - CORRECT ANSWER sets of jobs having similar worth or content, grouped together to establish rates of pay"n "Pay ranges - CORRECT ANSWER a set of possible pay rates defined by a minimum, maximum, and midpoint of pay for employees holding a particular job or a job within a particular pay grade"n "Rules apply to creating pay grades you should consider: - CORRECT ANSWER 1. size/structure of organization 2. distance between the lowest/highest job 3. organization pay increase/promotion policy 4. the grouping of nonexempt/exempt jobs as well as job families 5. creating sufficient grades to permit distinguishing difficulties"n "Pay range spread - CORRECT ANSWER max-min/min = % Generally lower jobs have a narrow range between min/max. They provide more upward mobility."n "Compa-ratio - CORRECT ANSWER indicator as to how actual wages match,lead or lag the market : pay rate / midpoint . ratios below 100% mean employees are paid less than the midpoint; above 100% mean that wages exceed the midpoint Used for budgetary controls as well as to investigate discrimination in that a difference between one group and another indicate the possibility of discrimination."n "Red-circle rates - CORRECT ANSWER Situations in which employees' pay is above the range maximum."n "Green Circle Rates - CORRECT ANSWER Situations in which an employee's pay is below the minimum of the range."n "Base Pay Systems - CORRECT ANSWER determine a type of base pay system that will help attract, motivate, and retain employees."n "Single- or Flat Rate System - CORRECT ANSWER Each incumbent of the job has the same rate of pay, regardless of performance or seniority. eg: A newly hired factory worker may make $9/hour with a $0.50/hour raise after six months. All other factory workers earn $9.50/hour."n "Time based step rate system - CORRECT ANSWER The employee's pay rate is based on length of time in the job. Increases are published in advance on the basis of time."n "Automatic step-rate pay structure - CORRECT ANSWER Pay ranges may be divided into four to seven steps that are each 3% to 7% apart. At prescribed intervals, each employee with the required seniority receives a one step increase."n "Step-rate with variability-based performance standards. - CORRECT ANSWER can influence the size or timing of the pay increase based on performance."n "Performance Based Merit Pay System - CORRECT ANSWER based on an employees individual job performance. Awarded on annual basis. Influenced by performance. Ex: "Meet" "Exceeds Expectations""n "Productivity-Based System - CORRECT ANSWER Pay is determined by employee's output."n "Straight piece-rate system - CORRECT ANSWER pay system in which wages are determined by multiplying the number of units produced by the piece rate for one unit"n "Differential Piece Rate System - CORRECT ANSWER Pays employees one piece-rate wage for units produced up to a standard output and a higher piece-rate wage for units produced over the standard"n "Person Based System - CORRECT ANSWER An employee's characteristics determine pay. Superior knowledge or skill mastery is rewarded."n "knowledge based system - CORRECT ANSWER Based on knowledge. Ex: lawyers and doctors"n "Skill-based system - CORRECT ANSWER These system link pay to the number of different skills an employee is qualified to perform. Employees increase their pay by accquiring new skills, even if they do not use the skill on their current assignment. eg: an assembler may be able to operate more than one type of machine (cross training). This system is used in production environment."n "Competency-based pay - CORRECT ANSWER where the company pays for the employee's range, depth, and types of skills and knowledge, rather than for the job title he or she holds"n "financial incentives - CORRECT ANSWER financial rewards paid to workers whose production exceeds some predetermined standard"n "Differential pay - CORRECT ANSWER Pay that is based on when the employee works (e.g., overtime pay, shift-pay differential) or where the employee works."n "Hazard pay - CORRECT ANSWER Pay earned by employees who work in an environment that is considered more risky from a safety or health point of view."n "Shift Pay - CORRECT ANSWER Refers to supplemental pay paid to employees who work less-desirable hours, such as second or third shifts."n "On-call pay - CORRECT ANSWER Pay that employees receive when they can be called in to work but are not working before receiving the call to return to work."n "Callback pay - CORRECT ANSWER additional monies earned because one is asked to return to work after normal business hours, results from taking call"n "Team and Group Incentive Plans - CORRECT ANSWER designed to encourage exceptional levels of professional achievement. Mostly encourage teamwork, goal group, setting and collaboration"n "Pay for Performance (PFPS) - CORRECT ANSWER Tie compensation directly to business goals"n "profit sharing - CORRECT ANSWER incentive pay in which payments are a percentage of the organization's profits and do not become part of the employees' base salary"n "Gainsharing - CORRECT ANSWER the distribution of savings or "gains" to groups of employees who reduced costs and increased measurable productivity"n "Employee Rights for Union Activities - CORRECT ANSWER - forming a union - joining a union - assisting a union - refusing to form a union - being fairly represented by a union"n "Social Security - CORRECT ANSWER federal program of disability and retirement benefits that covers most working people"n "Workers Compensation - CORRECT ANSWER A form of insurance paid by the employer providing cash benefits to workers injured or disabled in the course of employment."n "Unemployment Compensation - CORRECT ANSWER intended to provide an unemployed worker with time to find a new job without financial distress. Established by the federal social security act."n "Marketplace plans under ACA - CORRECT ANSWER Essential Health Benefits. Ex: Ambulatory, Emergency, Hospital, Pregnancy, Mental Health, Prescription Drugs, and Birth Control."n "managed health care plan - CORRECT ANSWER a health insurance policy under which individuals receive services from specific doctors or hospitals that are part of the plan"n "Fee-for-service (FFS) - CORRECT ANSWER set of fees for services established by a health care provider and paid for by the patient"n "Preferred Provider Organization (PPO) - CORRECT ANSWER group of healthcare providers that provide services to a specific group, often at a reduced rate"n "Point of Service (POS) - CORRECT ANSWER A health care plan in which members decide how to receive services at the time of service; it combines HMO and indemnity features. As with HMOs, providers are paid through a capitation or risk-based system and, as with preferred provider organizations, individuals can choose a non-plan provider by paying extra."n "Health Maintenance Organization (HMO) - CORRECT ANSWER Alternative means of health care in which people or their employers are charged a set amount and the HMO provides health care and covers hospital costs."n "consumer-driven health plan (CDHP) - CORRECT ANSWER medical insurance that combines a high-deductible health plan with a medical savings plan"n "Flexible Spending Account (FSA) - CORRECT ANSWER Type of Section 125 plan that allows employees to use pretax dollars to pay for out-of-pocket health and dependent-care expenses."n "Health Reimbursement Account (HRA) - CORRECT ANSWER Employer-funded plan that reimburses employees only for eligible and substantiated health-care expenses."n "Health Savings Account (HSA) - CORRECT ANSWER Tax-sheltered savings account similar to an IRA but created primarily to pay for medical expenses."n "Employee Benefit Account Administration - CORRECT ANSWER Creates and maintain an enrollment profile for every employee, keeping track of information."n "Summary Plan Description (SPD) - CORRECT ANSWER report that describes a pension plan's funding, eligibility requirements, risks, and other details"n "Summary Annual Report (SAR) - CORRECT ANSWER This report contains financial information about the plan and is due 7 months after the end of plan year."n "Summary of Material Modification (SMM) - CORRECT ANSWER It is due within 210 days after the end of the plan year whenever any of the plan's features have been significantly changed."n "ADDIE model - CORRECT ANSWER Five-step instructional design process that governs the development of learning programs. Assessment, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation."n "Classroom Training - CORRECT ANSWER traditional learning that includes lectures, role plays, discussions, and other experiential activities. Most commonly used."n "Corporate Universities - CORRECT ANSWER It's not unusual for large corporations to have their own "universities" where they train their employees and future managers."n "Auditory Learning - CORRECT ANSWER Learning by hearing and listening"n "Visual Learning - CORRECT ANSWER Learning by seeing, reading, and watching"n "Kinesthetic learners - CORRECT ANSWER People who learn best through a hands-on approach; also called tactile learners."n "learning curve - CORRECT ANSWER a graph of the changes in behavior that occur over the course of learning"n "Factors that determine how quickly an adult will learn - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Motivation for Learning 2. Prior knowledge/experience 3. Specific knowledge is to be learned 4. Attitude"n "increasing returns learning curve - CORRECT ANSWER Start is slow and learning takes off as knowledge and skills are acquired"n "Decreasing Returns Learning Curve - CORRECT ANSWER Increases rapidly in the beginning and then slows down"n "S-shaped learning curve - CORRECT ANSWER A learning situation characterized by slow learning at the beginning and end, with rapid learning occurring in the middle."n "Plateau curve - CORRECT ANSWER Type of learning curve in which learning is fast at first but then flattens out with no apparent progress."n "Synchronous learning - CORRECT ANSWER Type of e-learning in which participants interact together in real time."n "Asynchronous Learning - CORRECT ANSWER Type of e-learning in which participants access information at different times and in different places."n "Computer-based training (CBT) - CORRECT ANSWER A method of training that utilizes computer technology to enhance the acquisition of knowledge and skills"n "On-the-job training (OJT) - CORRECT ANSWER training methods in which a person with job experience and skill guides trainees in practicing job skills at the workplace"n "skills training - CORRECT ANSWER Specific skill sets associated with jobs as identified in job descriptions. Ex: Sales Training."n "apprencticeship - CORRECT ANSWER a person who is learning a trade from a skilled employer, having agreed to work for a fixed period at low wages."n "job rotation - CORRECT ANSWER a job enrichment strategy that involves moving employees from one job to another"n "cross training - CORRECT ANSWER training team members to do all or most of the jobs performed by the other team members"n "Kirkpatrick's model - CORRECT ANSWER 4 Levels of training outcomes: 1. Reaction criteria: focuses on what participants thought/felt about the program 2. Learning criteria: provides a quantifiable measure of what has been learned during the program 3. Behavior criteria: addresses the impact the program had on a participant's performance/behavior in the workplace 4. Results criteria: measures the effects of the program on broader organizational goals & objectives"n "360-degree feedback - CORRECT ANSWER a performance appraisal process in which feedback is obtained from the boss, subordinates, peers and coworkers, and the employees themselves"n "observational learning - CORRECT ANSWER learning by observing others; also called social learning"n "Simulations Learning - CORRECT ANSWER experimental bridge between training and application"n "Succession Planning - CORRECT ANSWER the process of identifying and tracking high-potential employees who will be able to fill top management positions when they become vacant"n "Career Planning - CORRECT ANSWER the process of studying careers, assessing yourself in terms of careers, and making decisions about a future career."n "Dual-ladder careers - CORRECT ANSWER Career development programs that identify meaningful career paths for professional and technical people so that technical experts can take on future management and executive leadership roles."n "career counseling - CORRECT ANSWER The process of discussing with employees their current job activities and performance, personal and career interests and goals, personal skills, and suitable career development objectives"n "Three Purposes of Performance Appraisals - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Providing feedback/coaching 2. Justifying the allocation of rewards and career opportunities 3. Helping with employee career planning and development plans"n "Category Rating - CORRECT ANSWER A performance appraisal method that requires the appraiser to mark an employee's level of performance on a specific form."n "forced-choice format - CORRECT ANSWER a survey question format in which respondents give their opinion by picking the best of two or more options"n "graphic scale format - CORRECT ANSWER most common. Appraiser checks a place on the scale for the categories of tasks/behaviors. 5 point scale."n "Checklist Format - CORRECT ANSWER A list of descriptors and each item "checked or unchecked". Pros:Easy to complete & score, Easy to complete & score Cons: Respondents can choose every item if desired"n "Comparative Methods - CORRECT ANSWER ranks employees in a group. Ex: 40% meets standards. 10% exceeds standards."n "paired comparison format - CORRECT ANSWER method of performance measurement that compares each employee with each other employee to establish rankings"n "Essay Format - CORRECT ANSWER Supervisors answer open-ended questions describing employee performance"n "critical incident method - CORRECT ANSWER method of performance measurement based on managers' records of specific examples of the employee acting in ways that are either effective or ineffective"n "Field Review Method - CORRECT ANSWER HR interviews supervisor and asks questions on employees performance"n "Behaviorally Anchored Rating Scale (BARS) - CORRECT ANSWER method of performance measurement that rates behavior in terms of a scale showing specific statements of behavior that describe different levels of performance"n "Management by Objectives (MBO) - CORRECT ANSWER a program that encompasses specific goals, participatively set, for an explicit time period, with feedback on goal progress"n "To use MBO, you must have... - CORRECT ANSWER 1. A strategic plan 2. High level of commitment 3. Clearly defined objectives 4. measurable performance goals"n "Performance Management Practices - CORRECT ANSWER process in which the organization maintains or improves employee job performance."n "In performance management practices, you must incorporate... - CORRECT ANSWER 1. delegating/planning work 2. Setting expectations 3. continually monitoring 4. developing a capacity to perform to new levels for growth 5. periodically rating performance 6. providing recognition and rewarding"n "organizational values - CORRECT ANSWER ethical standards and norms that govern the behavior of individuals within a firm or organization"n "Ways organizations can foster great performance from employees... - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Nurture positive work performance 2. Employee Engagement 3. Training Management 4. Provide continual feedback 5. Provide resources/tools 6. Be consistent in management practices 7. Show sincerity toward development"n "SMART goals - CORRECT ANSWER Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic, Timely"n "performance improvement plan (PIP) - CORRECT ANSWER A detailed document explaining what the employee needs to change and detailed steps on how to accomplish the change."n "Why employee retention is important... - CORRECT ANSWER 1. an improved economy rebounding from a recession, improves job market. 2. baby boomers retiring 3. increase in global competition 4. increase COLA 5. tech advancements 6. generational motivation differences"n "Retention Methods - CORRECT ANSWER 1. competitive pay/benefits 2. management 3. job recognition 4. culture 5. employee suggestion system 6. employee focus group"n "Employer Rights - CORRECT ANSWER treating employees in accord with the principle of "good faith and fair dealing"."n "Employee Rights - CORRECT ANSWER guarantees of fair treatment that become rights when they are granted to employees by the courts, legislatures, or employers. While including 8 hours of working."n "Employee Feedback - CORRECT ANSWER necessary to assess morale, job satisfaction, and ideas for innovation"n "Employee Surveys - CORRECT ANSWER Instruments used to collect and assess employee perceptions about the work environment. Most common."n "Attitude Surveys - CORRECT ANSWER surveys that elicit responses from employees through questions about how they feel about their jobs, work groups, supervisors, or the organization"n "Stay interviews - CORRECT ANSWER Structured conversations with employees for the purpose of determining which aspects of a job (e.g., satisfaction, engagement, culture, organization, leadership, etc.) encourage employee retention, or may be improved to do so."n "Paper Surveys - CORRECT ANSWER most effective because some workers lack computers. Disadvantage is time spent."n "focus group - CORRECT ANSWER A small group of individuals who are led in discussion by a professional consultant in order to gather opinions on and responses to candidates and issues."n