BIO 302 LECTURE EXAM 1 AND ANSWERS
Name the product of adrenal gland cortex - Answers- glucocorticoids (cortisol),
mineralcorticoids (aldosterone) & sexcotricoids (testosterone, estrogen).
Name the product of adrenal gland medulla - Answers- epinepherine &
norepinepherine.
Exocrine glands - Answers- have ducts.
Endocrine glands - Answers- are ductless.
What is the mix gland? - Answers- has both endocrine & exocrine functions. exocrine
component has ducts, through which its secretions pass.
Example of mix gland - Answers- the pancreas with endocrine (insulin production) &
exocrine (production of digestive enzymes) functions.
What is the paracrine hormone secretion? - Answers- is a local hormone that affects
only local target cells.
Name releasing hormones from the hypothalamus - Answers- GHRH, SS, PRF, PIH,
TRH, CRH, GnRH.
Name hormones that are secreted by the posterior pituitary - Answers- ADH, OXT.
Duration of action in endocrine secretion - Answers- it is short.
Duration of action in neuron - Answers- is longer.
Which type of cells in the pacreas secrete insulin? - Answers- islet cells, specifically
called beta cells.
Give an example for endocrine glands - Answers- pituitary gland, adrenal cortex,
thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, pineal gland, thymus gland.
Give example for exocrine glands - Answers- salivary glands, bile-producing glands (of
the liver), prostate gland, sweat gland, gastric gland.
What causes Cushing's disease? - Answers- hypersecretion of glucocorticoids.
specifically due to hypersecretion of ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic Hormone).
What is the function of ACTH? - Answers- it controls the secretion of adrenal cortex to
regulate glucocorticoid levels in the blood. it stimulates adrenal gland to secrete "the
sugar, salt & sex hormones".
, What is the function of Prolactin hormone? - Answers- it stimulates milk production for
lactation.
What is the function of Parafollicular cell of thyroid? - Answers- is to produce calcitonin
(thyrocalcintonin) which is a protein hormone.
What is the function of follicular cell of thyroid? - Answers- is to produce thyroid
hormones such as Triiodothyronine (T3) & Thyroxine (T4).
What is the synergism function of hormones? - Answers- is to produce effects greater
than the sum of their individual effects.
Give an example of synergism function of hormone - Answers- glucagon &
epinepherine together cause more increase in blood glucose than either alone.
What is the antagonism function of hormones? - Answers- when hormones return to the
body condtions within acceptable limits from opposite extremes.
Give example of antagonism function of hormones - Answers- glucagon elevates blood
glucose; insulin lowers blood glucose.
Which neurontransmitters work as a hormone? - Answers- norepinepherine,
adrenaline, cortisol.
What is hypothyroidism? - Answers- a condition in which the thyroid gland doesn't
produce enough thyroid hormone.
What is hyperthyroidism? - Answers- Too much thyroid hormone being produced.
What is adenohypophysis? - Answers- it is the anterior glandular lobe of the pituitary
gland.
What does adenohypophysis secrete? - Answers- somastatin, prolactin, follicle
stimulating hormone, lutenizing hormone, thyroid hormone & adrenocorticotropic
hormone.
What is neurohypophysis? - Answers- it is the posterior glandular lobe of the pituitary
gland.
What does neurohypophysis secrete? - Answers- oxytocin & antidiuertic hormone*
What is the name of the hormone release by parathyroid gland? - Answers- parathyroid
hormone (PTH)
What does PTH do? - Answers- it releases negative feedback & it targets the bone,
intestine and kidney.
Name the product of adrenal gland cortex - Answers- glucocorticoids (cortisol),
mineralcorticoids (aldosterone) & sexcotricoids (testosterone, estrogen).
Name the product of adrenal gland medulla - Answers- epinepherine &
norepinepherine.
Exocrine glands - Answers- have ducts.
Endocrine glands - Answers- are ductless.
What is the mix gland? - Answers- has both endocrine & exocrine functions. exocrine
component has ducts, through which its secretions pass.
Example of mix gland - Answers- the pancreas with endocrine (insulin production) &
exocrine (production of digestive enzymes) functions.
What is the paracrine hormone secretion? - Answers- is a local hormone that affects
only local target cells.
Name releasing hormones from the hypothalamus - Answers- GHRH, SS, PRF, PIH,
TRH, CRH, GnRH.
Name hormones that are secreted by the posterior pituitary - Answers- ADH, OXT.
Duration of action in endocrine secretion - Answers- it is short.
Duration of action in neuron - Answers- is longer.
Which type of cells in the pacreas secrete insulin? - Answers- islet cells, specifically
called beta cells.
Give an example for endocrine glands - Answers- pituitary gland, adrenal cortex,
thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, pineal gland, thymus gland.
Give example for exocrine glands - Answers- salivary glands, bile-producing glands (of
the liver), prostate gland, sweat gland, gastric gland.
What causes Cushing's disease? - Answers- hypersecretion of glucocorticoids.
specifically due to hypersecretion of ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic Hormone).
What is the function of ACTH? - Answers- it controls the secretion of adrenal cortex to
regulate glucocorticoid levels in the blood. it stimulates adrenal gland to secrete "the
sugar, salt & sex hormones".
, What is the function of Prolactin hormone? - Answers- it stimulates milk production for
lactation.
What is the function of Parafollicular cell of thyroid? - Answers- is to produce calcitonin
(thyrocalcintonin) which is a protein hormone.
What is the function of follicular cell of thyroid? - Answers- is to produce thyroid
hormones such as Triiodothyronine (T3) & Thyroxine (T4).
What is the synergism function of hormones? - Answers- is to produce effects greater
than the sum of their individual effects.
Give an example of synergism function of hormone - Answers- glucagon &
epinepherine together cause more increase in blood glucose than either alone.
What is the antagonism function of hormones? - Answers- when hormones return to the
body condtions within acceptable limits from opposite extremes.
Give example of antagonism function of hormones - Answers- glucagon elevates blood
glucose; insulin lowers blood glucose.
Which neurontransmitters work as a hormone? - Answers- norepinepherine,
adrenaline, cortisol.
What is hypothyroidism? - Answers- a condition in which the thyroid gland doesn't
produce enough thyroid hormone.
What is hyperthyroidism? - Answers- Too much thyroid hormone being produced.
What is adenohypophysis? - Answers- it is the anterior glandular lobe of the pituitary
gland.
What does adenohypophysis secrete? - Answers- somastatin, prolactin, follicle
stimulating hormone, lutenizing hormone, thyroid hormone & adrenocorticotropic
hormone.
What is neurohypophysis? - Answers- it is the posterior glandular lobe of the pituitary
gland.
What does neurohypophysis secrete? - Answers- oxytocin & antidiuertic hormone*
What is the name of the hormone release by parathyroid gland? - Answers- parathyroid
hormone (PTH)
What does PTH do? - Answers- it releases negative feedback & it targets the bone,
intestine and kidney.
