EPPP: Test 6 UPDATED ACTUAL Exam
Questions and CORRECT Answers
____________ conditioning is the most effective method for establishing a conditioned response.
A. Backward
B. Trace
C. Delay
D. Simultaneous - CORRECT ANSWER - C. Delay
Delay conditioning is a type of forward conditioning in which presentation of the conditioned
stimulus precedes and overlaps presentation of the unconditioned stimulus. Of the methods for
presenting the conditioned and unconditioned stimuli, delay conditioning produces the fastest
acquisition of the conditioned response.
The ______ gene variant has been identified as a high risk factor for neurocognitive disorder due
to Alzheimer's disease.
A. APOE4
B. APOE3
C. APOE2
D. APOE1 - CORRECT ANSWER - A. APOE4
There are three main variants of the APOE (apolipoprotein E) gene: APOE2, APOE3, and
APOE4. APOE2 is the rarest variant and its presence reduces the risk for Alzheimer's disease,
while APOE3 is the most common variant and its presence doesn't seem to affect the risk for
Alzheimer's disease. In contrast, APOE4 has been linked to an increased risk for Alzheimer's
disease and several other neurocognitive disorders including neurocognitive disorder due to
Lewy body disease. APOE1 is very rare and has not been linked to Alzheimer's disease.
Carstensen, Gottman, and Levenson (1995) found that, compared to dissatisfied middle-aged
married couples, dissatisfied older married couples:
A. show more restraint in expressing negative emotions.
B. are more likely to blame each other for their problems.
,C. spend less time discussing past pleasant events.
D. express greater commitment to their relationships. - CORRECT ANSWER - A. show
more restraint in expressing negative emotions.
L. L. Carstensen, J. M. Gottman, and R. W. Levenson found that dissatisfied older married
couples were less likely than dissatisfied middle-aged couples and satisfied older and middle-
aged couples to engage in "negative start up" - i.e., they were less likely to respond to their
partners' expressions of neutral affect with expressions of anger, disgust, or other negative
emotions during discussions of their marital problems.
Research on smoking cessation interventions suggests that:
A. neither counseling nor medication are effective when used alone and, therefore, should always
be combined.
B. counseling and medication are each effective when used alone but the combination of
counseling and medication is most effective.
C. counseling alone is as effective as counseling plus medication.
D. medication alone is as effective as medication plus counseling. - CORRECT
ANSWER - B. counseling and medication are each effective when used alone but the
combination of counseling and medication is most effective.
Piaget proposed that, during substage 3 (secondary circular reactions) of the sensorimotor stage,
an infant:
A. repeats enjoyable motor or sensory responses that involve his/her own body.
B. repeats behaviors that elicit a response from a person or object.
C. deliberately changes a behavior to determine the consequences of doing so.
D. coordinates two or more responses to solve a problem. - CORRECT ANSWER - B.
repeats behaviors that elicit a response from a person or object.
As described by Piaget, the substages of the sensorimotor stage involve different types of circular
reactions, which are actions that are performed to repeat an event that first occurred by chance.
Substage 3 occurs between four and eight months of age and is characterized by secondary
circular reactions, which are goal-directed actions that elicit a response from a person or object.
For example, an infant might repeatedly kick the mobile hanging over his crib to make it move.
,Which of the following decreases the risk for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)?
A. breastfeeding the baby and having the baby sleep on his/her back
B. having the baby sleep on his/her stomach and keeping the crib as bare as possible
C. breast feeding the baby and having the baby co-sleep with his/her parents
D. using crib bumpers in the baby's crib and having the baby sleep on his/her back - CORRECT
ANSWER - A. breastfeeding the baby and having the baby sleep on his/her back
Breast feeding the baby, having the baby sleep on his back, and keeping the crib as bare as
possible are associated with a decreased risk for SIDS. In contrast, having the baby sleep on
his/her stomach, having the baby co-sleep with his/her parents, and using crib bumpers have
been linked to an increased risk.
Lewinsohn's (1974) model of depression attributes it to:
A. a chronic boundary disturbance.
B. "depressogenic" cognitions.
C. a low rate of response-contingent reinforcement.
D. inadequate stimulus discrimination. - CORRECT ANSWER - C. a low rate of response-
contingent reinforcement.
Knowing that Lewinsohn's model of depression is known as social reinforcement theory would
have helped you identify the correct answer to this question. The model is based on the principles
of operant conditioning and attributes depression to low rates of response-contingent
reinforcement for social behaviors due to a lack of reinforcement in the environment and/or poor
social skills.
A middle school student receives a full-scale IQ score of 105 on an intelligence test that has a
mean of 100, standard deviation of 15, and standard error of measurement of 3. The 95%
confidence interval for this student's score is:
A. 102 to 108.
B. 99 to 111.
C. 96 to 114.
, D. 94 to 106. - CORRECT ANSWER - B. 99 to 111.
add and subtract 2 SEMs for 95% CI
Research suggests that ____________ is most useful for understanding the "testing effect."
A. interference theory
B. the encoding specificity principle
C. the mediator effectiveness hypothesis
D. the levels of processing model - CORRECT ANSWER - C. the mediator effectiveness
hypothesis
The "testing effect" is the increased ability to remember information when learning not only
includes studying but also repeated opportunities to retrieve the information. According to M. A.
Pyc and K. A. Rawson's mediator effectiveness hypothesis, "testing improves memory by
supporting the use of more-effective mediators during encoding" and the mediators that are
"generated during testing ... are more likely to be subsequently retrieved and decoded, [thereby]
increasing recall of target responses"
A test developer is calculating a test's __________ when she divides the number of true positives
identified by the test by the number of true positives plus false negatives.
A. sensitivity
B. specificity
C. positive predictive value
D. negative predictive value - CORRECT ANSWER - A. sensitivity
An initial goal in structural family therapy is most likely to be which of the following?
A. increasing the strength of diffuse boundaries or the flexibility of rigid boundaries
B. increasing the differentiation of all family members
C. helping family members perceive their problems in alternative ways
Questions and CORRECT Answers
____________ conditioning is the most effective method for establishing a conditioned response.
A. Backward
B. Trace
C. Delay
D. Simultaneous - CORRECT ANSWER - C. Delay
Delay conditioning is a type of forward conditioning in which presentation of the conditioned
stimulus precedes and overlaps presentation of the unconditioned stimulus. Of the methods for
presenting the conditioned and unconditioned stimuli, delay conditioning produces the fastest
acquisition of the conditioned response.
The ______ gene variant has been identified as a high risk factor for neurocognitive disorder due
to Alzheimer's disease.
A. APOE4
B. APOE3
C. APOE2
D. APOE1 - CORRECT ANSWER - A. APOE4
There are three main variants of the APOE (apolipoprotein E) gene: APOE2, APOE3, and
APOE4. APOE2 is the rarest variant and its presence reduces the risk for Alzheimer's disease,
while APOE3 is the most common variant and its presence doesn't seem to affect the risk for
Alzheimer's disease. In contrast, APOE4 has been linked to an increased risk for Alzheimer's
disease and several other neurocognitive disorders including neurocognitive disorder due to
Lewy body disease. APOE1 is very rare and has not been linked to Alzheimer's disease.
Carstensen, Gottman, and Levenson (1995) found that, compared to dissatisfied middle-aged
married couples, dissatisfied older married couples:
A. show more restraint in expressing negative emotions.
B. are more likely to blame each other for their problems.
,C. spend less time discussing past pleasant events.
D. express greater commitment to their relationships. - CORRECT ANSWER - A. show
more restraint in expressing negative emotions.
L. L. Carstensen, J. M. Gottman, and R. W. Levenson found that dissatisfied older married
couples were less likely than dissatisfied middle-aged couples and satisfied older and middle-
aged couples to engage in "negative start up" - i.e., they were less likely to respond to their
partners' expressions of neutral affect with expressions of anger, disgust, or other negative
emotions during discussions of their marital problems.
Research on smoking cessation interventions suggests that:
A. neither counseling nor medication are effective when used alone and, therefore, should always
be combined.
B. counseling and medication are each effective when used alone but the combination of
counseling and medication is most effective.
C. counseling alone is as effective as counseling plus medication.
D. medication alone is as effective as medication plus counseling. - CORRECT
ANSWER - B. counseling and medication are each effective when used alone but the
combination of counseling and medication is most effective.
Piaget proposed that, during substage 3 (secondary circular reactions) of the sensorimotor stage,
an infant:
A. repeats enjoyable motor or sensory responses that involve his/her own body.
B. repeats behaviors that elicit a response from a person or object.
C. deliberately changes a behavior to determine the consequences of doing so.
D. coordinates two or more responses to solve a problem. - CORRECT ANSWER - B.
repeats behaviors that elicit a response from a person or object.
As described by Piaget, the substages of the sensorimotor stage involve different types of circular
reactions, which are actions that are performed to repeat an event that first occurred by chance.
Substage 3 occurs between four and eight months of age and is characterized by secondary
circular reactions, which are goal-directed actions that elicit a response from a person or object.
For example, an infant might repeatedly kick the mobile hanging over his crib to make it move.
,Which of the following decreases the risk for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)?
A. breastfeeding the baby and having the baby sleep on his/her back
B. having the baby sleep on his/her stomach and keeping the crib as bare as possible
C. breast feeding the baby and having the baby co-sleep with his/her parents
D. using crib bumpers in the baby's crib and having the baby sleep on his/her back - CORRECT
ANSWER - A. breastfeeding the baby and having the baby sleep on his/her back
Breast feeding the baby, having the baby sleep on his back, and keeping the crib as bare as
possible are associated with a decreased risk for SIDS. In contrast, having the baby sleep on
his/her stomach, having the baby co-sleep with his/her parents, and using crib bumpers have
been linked to an increased risk.
Lewinsohn's (1974) model of depression attributes it to:
A. a chronic boundary disturbance.
B. "depressogenic" cognitions.
C. a low rate of response-contingent reinforcement.
D. inadequate stimulus discrimination. - CORRECT ANSWER - C. a low rate of response-
contingent reinforcement.
Knowing that Lewinsohn's model of depression is known as social reinforcement theory would
have helped you identify the correct answer to this question. The model is based on the principles
of operant conditioning and attributes depression to low rates of response-contingent
reinforcement for social behaviors due to a lack of reinforcement in the environment and/or poor
social skills.
A middle school student receives a full-scale IQ score of 105 on an intelligence test that has a
mean of 100, standard deviation of 15, and standard error of measurement of 3. The 95%
confidence interval for this student's score is:
A. 102 to 108.
B. 99 to 111.
C. 96 to 114.
, D. 94 to 106. - CORRECT ANSWER - B. 99 to 111.
add and subtract 2 SEMs for 95% CI
Research suggests that ____________ is most useful for understanding the "testing effect."
A. interference theory
B. the encoding specificity principle
C. the mediator effectiveness hypothesis
D. the levels of processing model - CORRECT ANSWER - C. the mediator effectiveness
hypothesis
The "testing effect" is the increased ability to remember information when learning not only
includes studying but also repeated opportunities to retrieve the information. According to M. A.
Pyc and K. A. Rawson's mediator effectiveness hypothesis, "testing improves memory by
supporting the use of more-effective mediators during encoding" and the mediators that are
"generated during testing ... are more likely to be subsequently retrieved and decoded, [thereby]
increasing recall of target responses"
A test developer is calculating a test's __________ when she divides the number of true positives
identified by the test by the number of true positives plus false negatives.
A. sensitivity
B. specificity
C. positive predictive value
D. negative predictive value - CORRECT ANSWER - A. sensitivity
An initial goal in structural family therapy is most likely to be which of the following?
A. increasing the strength of diffuse boundaries or the flexibility of rigid boundaries
B. increasing the differentiation of all family members
C. helping family members perceive their problems in alternative ways
