TEST BANK for A Concise Introduction to Logic 14th Edition by Hurley All Chapter 1-14 Covered

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TEST BANK
A Concise Introduction to Logic
14th Edition by Hurley Chapter 1 to 14




TEST BANK

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
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ParttI:tINFORMALtLOGIC.

1. Basic Concepts.
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Arguments,tPremises,tandtConclusions.tExercise.tRecognizingtArguments.tExercise.tDeductiontandtInduction.tExercise.tValidity,tTruth,tSoundness
rength,tCogency.tExercise.tArgumenttForms:tProvingtInvalidity.tExercise.tExtendedtArguments.tExercise.

2.tLanguage:tMeaningtandtDefinition.
VarietiestoftMeaning.tExercise.tThetIntensiontandtExtensiontoftTerms.tExercise.tDefinitionstandtTheirtPurposes.tExercise.tDefinitionaltTechniques
ercise.tCriteriatfortLexicaltDefinitions.tExercise.

3.tInformaltFallacies.
FallaciestintGeneral.tExercise.tFallaciestoftRelevance.tExercise.tFallaciestoftWeaktInduction.tExercise.tFallaciestoftPresumption,tAmbiguity,tand
cittTransference.tExercise.tFallaciestintOrdinarytLanguage.tExercise.

ParttII:tFORMALtLOGIC.

4.tCategoricaltPropositions.
ThetComponentstoftCategoricaltPropositions.tExercise.tQuality,tQuantity,tandtDistribution.tExercise.tVenntDiagramstandtthetModerntSquaretof
pposition.tExercise.tConversion,tObversion,tandtContraposition.tExercise.tThetTraditionaltSquaretoftOpposition.tExercise.tVenntDiagramstandtt
TraditionaltStandpoint.tExercise.tTranslatingtOrdinarytLanguagetStatementstintotCategoricaltForm.tExercise.

5.tCategoricaltSyllogisms.
StandardtForm,tMood,tandtFigure.tExercise.tVenntDiagrams.tExercise.tRulestandtFallacies.tExercise.tReducingtthetNumbertoftTerms.tExercise.tO
narytLanguagetArguments.tExercise.tEnthymemes.tExercise.tSorites.tExercise.

6. Propositional Logic.
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SymbolstandtTranslation.tExercise.tTruthtFunctions.tExercise.tTruthtTablestfortPropositions.tExercise.tTruthtTablestfortArguments.tExercise.tIndirec
uthtTables.tExercise.tArgumenttFormstandtFallacies.tExercise.

7.tNaturaltDeductiontintPropositionaltLogic.
RulestoftImplicationtI.tExercise.tRulestoftImplicationtII.tExercise.tRulestoftReplacementtI.tExercise.tRulestoftReplacementtII.tExercise.tConditionaltPr
.tExercise.tIndirecttProof.tExercise.tProvingtLogicaltTruths.tExercise.

8.tPredicatetLogic.
SymbolstandtTranslation.tExercise.tUsingtthetRulestoftInference.tExercise.tQuantifiertNegationtRule.tExercise.tConditionaltandtIndirecttProof.tEx
ise.tProvingtInvalidity.tExercise.tRelationaltPredicatestandtOverlappingtQuantifiers.tExercise.tIdentity.tExercise.

ParttIII:tINDUCTIVEtLOGIC.

9.tAnalogytandtLegaltandtMoraltReasoning.
AnalogicaltReasoning.tLegaltReasoning.tMoraltReasoning.tExercise.

10.tCausalitytandtMill'stMethods.

,"Cause"tandtNecessarytandtSufficienttConditions.tMill'stFivetMethods.tMill'stMethodstandtScience.tExercise.

11. Probability.
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TheoriestoftProbability.tThetProbabilitytCalculus.tExercise.

12.tStatisticaltReasoning.
EvaluatingtStatistics.tSamples.tThetMeaningtoft"Average."tDispersion.tGraphstandtPictograms.tPercentages.tExercise.

13.tHypothetical/ScientifictReasoning.
ThetHypotheticaltMethod.tHypotheticaltReasoning:tFourtExamplestfromtScience.tThetProoftoftHypotheses.tThetTentativetAcceptancetoftHypoth
s.tExercise.

14. Science and Superstition.
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DistinguishingtBetweentSciencetandtSuperstition.tEvidentiarytSupport.tObjectivity.tIntegrity.tAbusingtScience.tExercise.

AnswersttotSelectedtExercises.

, Chaptert1tTesttA


MULTIPLEtCHOICE

INSTRUCTIONS:tThetfollowingtselectionstrelatettotdistinguishingtargumentstfromtnonarguments
andtidentifyingtconclusions.tSelecttthetbesttanswertforteach.

1.t Theretappearsttotbetatgrowingthappinesstgaptbetweentmentandtwomen.tWomenttodaytaretworking
moretandtrelaxingtless,twhiletmentaretworkingtlesstandtrelaxingtmore.tFortytyearstagotattypical
womantspentt40tminutestmoretpertweektthantthettypicaltmantperformingtantactivitytconsidered
unpleasant.tToday,twithtmentworkingtless,tthetgaptist90tminutestandtgrowing.
a.t Argument;tconclusion:tTodayt...tthetgaptist90tminutestandtgrowing.
b.t Nonargument.
c.t Argument;tconclusion:tFortytyearstagot...tantactivitytconsideredtunpleasant.
d.t Argument;tconclusion:tTheretappearsttotbet...tbetweentmentandtwomen.
e.t Argument;tconclusion:tWomenttodaytaretworkingtmoretandtrelaxingtless.
ANS:t D PTS:t 2

2.t Leadtisttoxic,tbuttdotyoutknowtwhy?tLeadtisttoxictmainlytbecausetittpreferentiallytreplacestother
metalstintbiochemicaltreactions.tIntsotdoingtittinterferestwithtthetproteinstthattregulatetbloodtpressure
(whichtcantcausetdevelopmenttdelaystintchildrentandthightbloodtpressuretintadults),themetproduction
(whichtcantleadttotanemia),tandtspermtproduction.tLeadtalsotdisplacestcalciumtintthetreactionstthat
transmittelectricaltimpulsestintthetbrain,twhichtdiminishestthetabilityttotthinktandtrecalltinformation.
AnnetMarietHelmstine,t"YourtGuidettotChemistry"
a.t Argument;tconclusion:tIttinterferestwithtthetproteinst...tandtspermtproduction.
b.t Argument;tconclusion:tLeadtisttoxic.
c.t Nonargument.
d.t Argument;tconclusion:tIttpreferentiallytreplacestothertmetalstintbiochemicaltreactions.
e.t Argument;tconclusion:tLeadtalsotdisplacestcalciumt...trecalltinformation.
ANS:t C PTS:t 2

3.t Aristotletfocusedtontclarifyingtthetconcepttoftvirtuetitself.tHetarguedtthattittwastvirtuousttotchoosetthe
propertamounttoftemotiontand/ortactiontcalledtfortintatparticulartsituationtandtthattextremestof
emotiontandtactiontweretvices.tIntalltcommunitiesttheretaretsometmentoftpracticaltwisdomtwhothave
thetcapacityttotjudgetwisely.tAristotletarguedtthatttheythavetthetcapacityttotfollowtthet"righttrule"
whatevertthetsituation.
DavidtCooper,tValuetPluralismtandtEthicaltChoice
a.t Argument;tconclusion:tIntalltcommunitiest...tcapacityttotjudgetwisely.
b.t Argument;tconclusion:tAristotletfocusedtontclarifyingtthetconcepttoftvirtuetitself.
c.t Argument;tconclusion:tTheythavetthetcapacityttotfollowt...tthetsituation.
d.t Argument;tconclusion:tHetarguedtthattittwastvirtuoust...tweretvices
e.t Nonargument.
ANS:t E PTS:t 2

4.t Illegaltimmigrantstpaytlocaltsalesttaxes,tandtmanytoftthemtalsotpaytstate,tlocal,tandtfederaltincomettax
andtSocialtSecurityttax.tTheytalsotpurchasetitemstfromtlocaltmerchants,tincreasingtthetamounttthese
merchantstpaytinttaxes.tIntaddition,ttheytworktfortlowtsalaries,twhichtincreasestthetearningstofttheir
employerstandtthetamounttofttaxestthesetemployerstpay.tThus,tittistnottcorrectttotsaytthattillegal
immigrantstcontributetnothingttotthetcommunitiestintwhichttheytlive.
a.t Argument;tconclusion:tIttistnottcorrectttotsayt...tcommunitiestintwhichttheytlive.




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