COMPUTER NETWORKING MIDTERM
REVIEW EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
COMPLETE ANSWERS
terrestrial radio - Answer-The industry based on audio transmission from land-based
towers, as opposed to transmission via satellite
satellite radio - Answer-method to deliver radio from an orbiting satellite directly to end
users
store-and-forward switching - Answer-a switching method that receives the entire frame
before forwarding
Queuing Delay - Answer-packets experience this as it waits to be transmitted onto the
link, depends on the network congestion
packet loss - Answer-refers to data that never reaches its destination or gets discarded
because it arrives too late, packet buffer is full of other packets waiting for transmission
output buffer - Answer-stores packets that the router is about to send into that link
IP address - Answer-A number assigned to any item that is connected to the Internet.
forwarding table - Answer-Table that maps destination address to a routers outbound
links
Routing Protocols - Answer-used to facilitate the exchange of routing information
between routers
Circuit Switching - Answer-a dedicated connection is formed between two points and
the connection remains active for the duration of the transmission
used by telephone networks
the connection and resources needed for the transmission are reserved before the
connection is made. This means there is no queue
less common than packet switching
end-to-end connection - Answer-A network connection in which the original sending and
receiving IP addresses may not be altered and in which a communications connection
extends all the way from sender to receiver while that connection remains active.
, bandwidth - Answer-Transmission capacity measure by bit rate
Network of networks - Answer-Millions of private, public, academic, business, and
government networks, linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless, and optical
networking technologies.
Many different tier ISPs connect big tier 1 to regional to smaller access ISPs
nodal processing delay - Answer-The time required to examine the packet's header and
determine where to direct the packet
Transmission Delay - Answer-the amount of time required to push all of the packet's bits
into the link (L/R)
The time it takes for the router to push out the packet
propagation delay - Answer-any delay in communications from signal transmission time
through a physical medium,
the time is takes for the packet to go from one router to then next
Traceroute - Answer-a utility application that monitors the network path of packet data
sent to a remote computer,
can find the speed
throughput rate - Answer-the output rate that the process is expected to produce over a
period of time
bottleneck link - Answer-link on end-end path that constrains end-end throughput
Protocol Layers - Answer-A layer is a group of protocols that have similar functions.
Layering makes it easier to change, edit or repair protocols.
protocol stack - Answer-Layers of protocols that build and rely on each other
Application Layer - Answer-The seventh layer of the OSI model. Application layer
protocols enable software programs to negotiate formatting, procedural, security,
synchronization, and other requirements with the network.
Transport Layer - Answer-The fourth layer of the OSI model. In this layer protocols
ensure that data are transferred from point A to point B reliably and without errors. this
layer services include flow control, acknowledgment, error correction, segmentation,
reassembly, and sequencing.
REVIEW EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
COMPLETE ANSWERS
terrestrial radio - Answer-The industry based on audio transmission from land-based
towers, as opposed to transmission via satellite
satellite radio - Answer-method to deliver radio from an orbiting satellite directly to end
users
store-and-forward switching - Answer-a switching method that receives the entire frame
before forwarding
Queuing Delay - Answer-packets experience this as it waits to be transmitted onto the
link, depends on the network congestion
packet loss - Answer-refers to data that never reaches its destination or gets discarded
because it arrives too late, packet buffer is full of other packets waiting for transmission
output buffer - Answer-stores packets that the router is about to send into that link
IP address - Answer-A number assigned to any item that is connected to the Internet.
forwarding table - Answer-Table that maps destination address to a routers outbound
links
Routing Protocols - Answer-used to facilitate the exchange of routing information
between routers
Circuit Switching - Answer-a dedicated connection is formed between two points and
the connection remains active for the duration of the transmission
used by telephone networks
the connection and resources needed for the transmission are reserved before the
connection is made. This means there is no queue
less common than packet switching
end-to-end connection - Answer-A network connection in which the original sending and
receiving IP addresses may not be altered and in which a communications connection
extends all the way from sender to receiver while that connection remains active.
, bandwidth - Answer-Transmission capacity measure by bit rate
Network of networks - Answer-Millions of private, public, academic, business, and
government networks, linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless, and optical
networking technologies.
Many different tier ISPs connect big tier 1 to regional to smaller access ISPs
nodal processing delay - Answer-The time required to examine the packet's header and
determine where to direct the packet
Transmission Delay - Answer-the amount of time required to push all of the packet's bits
into the link (L/R)
The time it takes for the router to push out the packet
propagation delay - Answer-any delay in communications from signal transmission time
through a physical medium,
the time is takes for the packet to go from one router to then next
Traceroute - Answer-a utility application that monitors the network path of packet data
sent to a remote computer,
can find the speed
throughput rate - Answer-the output rate that the process is expected to produce over a
period of time
bottleneck link - Answer-link on end-end path that constrains end-end throughput
Protocol Layers - Answer-A layer is a group of protocols that have similar functions.
Layering makes it easier to change, edit or repair protocols.
protocol stack - Answer-Layers of protocols that build and rely on each other
Application Layer - Answer-The seventh layer of the OSI model. Application layer
protocols enable software programs to negotiate formatting, procedural, security,
synchronization, and other requirements with the network.
Transport Layer - Answer-The fourth layer of the OSI model. In this layer protocols
ensure that data are transferred from point A to point B reliably and without errors. this
layer services include flow control, acknowledgment, error correction, segmentation,
reassembly, and sequencing.
