EDU120 Human Development Final Exam Review Study
Questions/Answers Graded A+ 2025/2026
Anal Stage (1-3 years) - The anus is the focus of pleasurable sensations in the baby's
body, and toilet training is the most important activity
Phallic Stage (3-6 years) - Freud's third stage of development, when the penis becomes
the focus of concern and pleasure and girls wonder why they don't have them
Latency Stage (6-puberty) - stage focuses on dormant sexual feelings
Genital Stage (puberty on) - sexual feelings re-emerge and are oriented toward others
Erik Erikson (1902-1994) - Described eight developmental stages, each characterized
by a challenging developmental crisis
Proposed five psychosocial stages build on Freud's theory, but added three adult stages
What are the 8 psychosocial stages? - trust vs mistrust
autonomy vs shame and doubt
initiative vs guilt
industry vs inferiority
identity vs role confusion
intimacy vs isolation
generativity vs stagnation
integrity vs despair
Trust vs. Mistrust (birth-1 year) - Infants learn that they can or cannot trust others to
take care of their basic needs
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (1-3) - Children either become self-sufficient in many
activities, including toileting, feeding, walking, exploring, and talking, or doubt their own
abilities.
Initiative vs. Guilt (3-6) - children learn to initiate tasks and carry out plans, or they feel
guilty about their efforts to be independent
Industry vs. Inferiority (6-11) - Children busily practice and then master new skills or feel
inferior, unable to do anything well.
identity vs. role confusion (12-18) - adolescents ask themselves "Who am I?" They
establish sexual, political, religious, and vocational identities or are confused about their
roles
Intimacy vs. Isolation - Young adults seek companionship and love or become isolated
from others because they fear rejection and disappointment
Questions/Answers Graded A+ 2025/2026
Anal Stage (1-3 years) - The anus is the focus of pleasurable sensations in the baby's
body, and toilet training is the most important activity
Phallic Stage (3-6 years) - Freud's third stage of development, when the penis becomes
the focus of concern and pleasure and girls wonder why they don't have them
Latency Stage (6-puberty) - stage focuses on dormant sexual feelings
Genital Stage (puberty on) - sexual feelings re-emerge and are oriented toward others
Erik Erikson (1902-1994) - Described eight developmental stages, each characterized
by a challenging developmental crisis
Proposed five psychosocial stages build on Freud's theory, but added three adult stages
What are the 8 psychosocial stages? - trust vs mistrust
autonomy vs shame and doubt
initiative vs guilt
industry vs inferiority
identity vs role confusion
intimacy vs isolation
generativity vs stagnation
integrity vs despair
Trust vs. Mistrust (birth-1 year) - Infants learn that they can or cannot trust others to
take care of their basic needs
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (1-3) - Children either become self-sufficient in many
activities, including toileting, feeding, walking, exploring, and talking, or doubt their own
abilities.
Initiative vs. Guilt (3-6) - children learn to initiate tasks and carry out plans, or they feel
guilty about their efforts to be independent
Industry vs. Inferiority (6-11) - Children busily practice and then master new skills or feel
inferior, unable to do anything well.
identity vs. role confusion (12-18) - adolescents ask themselves "Who am I?" They
establish sexual, political, religious, and vocational identities or are confused about their
roles
Intimacy vs. Isolation - Young adults seek companionship and love or become isolated
from others because they fear rejection and disappointment
