TEST BANK n
A Concise Introduction to Logic
n n n n
14th Edition by HurleyChapter 1 to 14
n n n n n n n
TESTBANK n
,TABLEOFCONTENTS n n
Part I: INFORMAL LOGIC.
n n n
1. Basic Concepts.
n n
Arguments,nPremises,nandnConclusions.nExercise.nRecognizingnArguments.nExercise.nDeductionnandnInduction.nExercise.nValidity,nTruth,nSoundnes
Strength,nCogency.nExercise.nArgumentnForms:nProvingnInvalidity.nExercise.nExtendednArguments.nExercise.
2. Language: Meaning and Definition.
n n n n
VarietiesnofnMeaning.nExercise.nThenIntensionnandnExtensionnofnTerms.nExercise.nDefinitionsnandnTheirnPurposes.nExercise.nDefinitionalnTechnique
.nExercise.nCriterian fornLexicalnDefinitions.n Exercise.
3. Informal Fallacies.
n n
FallaciesninnGeneral.nExercise.nFallaciesnofnRelevance.nExercise.nFallaciesnofnWeaknInduction.nExercise.nFallaciesnofnPresumption,nAmbiguity,nan
IllicitnTransference.nExercise.nFallaciesninnOrdinarynLanguage.nExercise.
Part II: FORMAL LOGIC.
n n n
4. Categorical Propositions.
n n
Then Componentsn ofn Categoricaln Propositions.n Exercise.n Quality,n Quantity,2andn Distribution.n Exercise.n Vennn Diagramsn andn then Modernn Square
nOpposition.nExercise.nConversion,2 Obversion,nandnContraposition.nExercise.nThenTraditionalnSquarenofnOpposition. nExercise.nVenn nDiagrams na nn
henTraditionalnStandpoint.nExercise.nTranslatingnOrdinarynLanguagenStatementsnintonCategoricalnForm.nExercise.
5. Categorical Syllogisms.
n n
StandardnForm,nMood,nandnFigure.nExercise.nVennnDiagrams.nExercise.nRulesnandnFallacies.nExercise.nReducingnthenNumbernofnTerms.nExercise.
dinarynLanguagenArguments.nExercise.nEnthymemes.nExercise.nSorites.nExercise.
6. Propositional Logic.
n n
SymbolsnandnTranslation.nExercise.nTruthnFunctions.nExercise.nTruthnTablesnfornPropositions.nExercise.nTruthnTablesnfornArguments.nExercise.nIndir
nTruthn Tables.nExercise.nArgumentnFormsnandnFallacies.n Exercise.
7. Natural Deduction in Propositional Logic.
n n n n n
RulesnofnImplicationnI.nExercise.nRulesnofnImplicationnII.nExercise.nRulesnofnReplacementnI.nExercise.nRulesnofnReplacementnII.nExercise.nConditiona
oof.nExercise.nIndirectnProof.nExercise.nProvingnLogicalnTruths.nExercise.
8. Predicate Logic.
n n
SymbolsnandnTranslation.nExercise.nUsingnthenRulesnofnInference.nExercise.nQuantifiernNegationnRule.nExercise.nConditionalnandnIndirectnProof.nEnx
cise.nProvingnInvalidity.nExercise.nRelationalnPredicatesnandnOverlappingnQuantifiers.nExercise.nIdentity.nExercise.
Part III: INDUCTIVE LOGIC.
n n n
9. Analogy and Legal and Moral Reasoning.
n n n n n n
AnalogicalnReasoning.nLegalnReasoning.nMoralnReasoning.nExercise.
10. Causality and Mill's Methods.
n n n n
,"Cause"nandnNecessarynandnSufficientnConditions.nMill'snFivenMethods.nMill'snMethodsnandnScience.nExercise.
11. Probability.
n
Theoriesn ofn Probability.n Then Probabilityn Calculus.n Exercise.
12. Statistical Reasoning.
n n
EvaluatingnStatistics.nSamples.nThenMeaningnofn"Average."nDispersion.nGraphsnandnPictograms.nPercentages.nExercise.
13. Hypothetical/Scientific Reasoning.
n n
ThenHypotheticalnMethod.nHypotheticalnReasoning:nFournExamplesnfromnScience.nThenProofnofnHypotheses.nThenTentativenAcceptancenofnHypotn
ses.nExercise.
14. Science and Superstition.
n n n
DistinguishingnBetweennSciencenandnSuperstition.nEvidentiarynSupport.nObjectivity.nIntegrity.nAbusingnScience.nExercise.nAnsw
ersntonSelectednExercises.
, Chapter 1 Test A
n n n
MULTIPLEnCHOICE
INSTRUCTIONS:nThenfollowingnselections2relatentondistinguishingnargumentsnfromnnonargumentsnan
dnidentifyingnconclusions.nSelectnthenbestnanswernforneach.
1. Therenappearsntonbenangrowingnhappinessngapnbetweennmennandnwomen.nWomenntodaynarenworkingn
morenandnrelaxingnless,nwhilenmennarenworkingnlessnandnrelaxingnmore.nFortynyearsnagonantypicalnwom
annspentn40nminutesnmorenpernweeknthannthentypicalnmannperformingnannactivitynconsiderednunpleasa
nt.nToday,nwithnmennworkingnless,nthengapnisn90nminutesnandngrowing.
a. Argument;nconclusion:nTodayn...nthengapnisn90nminutesnandngrowing.
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument;nconclusion:n Fortyn yearsn agon ...nannactivitynconsideredn unpleasant.
d. Argument;nconclusion:nTherenappearsntonben...nbetweennmennandnwomen.
e. Argument;nconclusion:nWomenntodaynarenworkingnmorenandnrelaxingnless.
ANS:n D PTS:n 2
2. Leadnisntoxic,nbutndonyounknownwhy?nLeadnisntoxicnmainlynbecausenitnpreferentiallynreplacesnothernmet
alsninnbiochemicalnreactions.nIn2sondoingnit2interferesnwithnthenproteinsnthatnregulatenbloodnpressuren(whi
chncanncausendevelopmentndelaysninnchildrennandnhighnbloodnpressureninnadults),nhemenproductionn(whi
chncannleadntonanemia),nandnspermnproduction.nLeadnalsondisplacesncalciumninnthenreactionsnthatntrans
mitnelectricalnimpulsesninnthenbrain,nwhichndiminishes2thenabilityntonthinknandnrecallninformation.
Annen MarienHelmstine,n"Yourn Guidenton Chemistry"
a. Argument;nconclusion:nItninterferesnwithnthenproteinsn...nandnspermnproduction.
b. Argument;nconclusion:nLeadnisntoxic.
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument;n conclusion:n It2preferentiallyn replacesn othern metalsn inn biochemicaln reactions.
e. Argument;nconclusion:nLeadnalsondisplacesncalciumn...nrecallninformation.
ANS:n C PTS:n 2
3. Aristotlenfocusednonnclarifyingnthenconceptnofnvirtuenitself.nHenarguednthat2itnwasnvirtuousntonchoosenthen
propernamountnofnemotionnand/ornactionncallednforninnanparticularnsituationnandnthatnextremesnofnem
otionnandnactionnwerenvices.nInnallncommunitiesntherenarensomenmennofnpracticalnwisdomnwhonhaventhen
capacityntonjudgenwisely.nAristotlenarguednthatntheynhaventhencapacityntonfollownthen"rightnrule"nwhat
evernthensituation.
DavidnCooper,nValuenPluralismnandnEthicalnChoice
a. Argument;nconclusion:nInnallncommunitiesn...ncapacityntonjudgenwisely.
b. Argument;n conclusion:n Aristotlen focusednonnclarifyingnthen conceptn ofn virtuen itself.
c. Argument;nconclusion:nTheynhaventhencapacityntonfollown...nthensituation.
d. Argument;nconclusion:nHenarguednthatnitnwasnvirtuousn...nwerenvices
e. Nonargument.
ANS:n E PTS:n 2
4. Illegalnimmigrantsnpaynlocalnsalesntaxes,nandnmanynofnthemnalsonpaynstate,nlocal,nandnfederalnincomentaxn
andnSocialnSecurityntax.nTheynalsonpurchasenitemsnfromnlocalnmerchants,nincreasingnthenamount2thesenme
rchantsnpayninntaxes.nInnaddition,ntheynworknfornlownsalaries,nwhichnincreasesnthenearningsnofntheirnemplo
yersnandnthenamountnofntaxesnthesenemployersnpay.nThus,nitnisnnotncorrectntonsaynthatnillegalnimmigrantsnc
ontributennothingntonthencommunitiesninnwhichntheynlive.
a. Argument;nconclusion:nItnisnnotncorrectntonsayn...ncommunitiesninnwhichntheynlive.
1
A Concise Introduction to Logic
n n n n
14th Edition by HurleyChapter 1 to 14
n n n n n n n
TESTBANK n
,TABLEOFCONTENTS n n
Part I: INFORMAL LOGIC.
n n n
1. Basic Concepts.
n n
Arguments,nPremises,nandnConclusions.nExercise.nRecognizingnArguments.nExercise.nDeductionnandnInduction.nExercise.nValidity,nTruth,nSoundnes
Strength,nCogency.nExercise.nArgumentnForms:nProvingnInvalidity.nExercise.nExtendednArguments.nExercise.
2. Language: Meaning and Definition.
n n n n
VarietiesnofnMeaning.nExercise.nThenIntensionnandnExtensionnofnTerms.nExercise.nDefinitionsnandnTheirnPurposes.nExercise.nDefinitionalnTechnique
.nExercise.nCriterian fornLexicalnDefinitions.n Exercise.
3. Informal Fallacies.
n n
FallaciesninnGeneral.nExercise.nFallaciesnofnRelevance.nExercise.nFallaciesnofnWeaknInduction.nExercise.nFallaciesnofnPresumption,nAmbiguity,nan
IllicitnTransference.nExercise.nFallaciesninnOrdinarynLanguage.nExercise.
Part II: FORMAL LOGIC.
n n n
4. Categorical Propositions.
n n
Then Componentsn ofn Categoricaln Propositions.n Exercise.n Quality,n Quantity,2andn Distribution.n Exercise.n Vennn Diagramsn andn then Modernn Square
nOpposition.nExercise.nConversion,2 Obversion,nandnContraposition.nExercise.nThenTraditionalnSquarenofnOpposition. nExercise.nVenn nDiagrams na nn
henTraditionalnStandpoint.nExercise.nTranslatingnOrdinarynLanguagenStatementsnintonCategoricalnForm.nExercise.
5. Categorical Syllogisms.
n n
StandardnForm,nMood,nandnFigure.nExercise.nVennnDiagrams.nExercise.nRulesnandnFallacies.nExercise.nReducingnthenNumbernofnTerms.nExercise.
dinarynLanguagenArguments.nExercise.nEnthymemes.nExercise.nSorites.nExercise.
6. Propositional Logic.
n n
SymbolsnandnTranslation.nExercise.nTruthnFunctions.nExercise.nTruthnTablesnfornPropositions.nExercise.nTruthnTablesnfornArguments.nExercise.nIndir
nTruthn Tables.nExercise.nArgumentnFormsnandnFallacies.n Exercise.
7. Natural Deduction in Propositional Logic.
n n n n n
RulesnofnImplicationnI.nExercise.nRulesnofnImplicationnII.nExercise.nRulesnofnReplacementnI.nExercise.nRulesnofnReplacementnII.nExercise.nConditiona
oof.nExercise.nIndirectnProof.nExercise.nProvingnLogicalnTruths.nExercise.
8. Predicate Logic.
n n
SymbolsnandnTranslation.nExercise.nUsingnthenRulesnofnInference.nExercise.nQuantifiernNegationnRule.nExercise.nConditionalnandnIndirectnProof.nEnx
cise.nProvingnInvalidity.nExercise.nRelationalnPredicatesnandnOverlappingnQuantifiers.nExercise.nIdentity.nExercise.
Part III: INDUCTIVE LOGIC.
n n n
9. Analogy and Legal and Moral Reasoning.
n n n n n n
AnalogicalnReasoning.nLegalnReasoning.nMoralnReasoning.nExercise.
10. Causality and Mill's Methods.
n n n n
,"Cause"nandnNecessarynandnSufficientnConditions.nMill'snFivenMethods.nMill'snMethodsnandnScience.nExercise.
11. Probability.
n
Theoriesn ofn Probability.n Then Probabilityn Calculus.n Exercise.
12. Statistical Reasoning.
n n
EvaluatingnStatistics.nSamples.nThenMeaningnofn"Average."nDispersion.nGraphsnandnPictograms.nPercentages.nExercise.
13. Hypothetical/Scientific Reasoning.
n n
ThenHypotheticalnMethod.nHypotheticalnReasoning:nFournExamplesnfromnScience.nThenProofnofnHypotheses.nThenTentativenAcceptancenofnHypotn
ses.nExercise.
14. Science and Superstition.
n n n
DistinguishingnBetweennSciencenandnSuperstition.nEvidentiarynSupport.nObjectivity.nIntegrity.nAbusingnScience.nExercise.nAnsw
ersntonSelectednExercises.
, Chapter 1 Test A
n n n
MULTIPLEnCHOICE
INSTRUCTIONS:nThenfollowingnselections2relatentondistinguishingnargumentsnfromnnonargumentsnan
dnidentifyingnconclusions.nSelectnthenbestnanswernforneach.
1. Therenappearsntonbenangrowingnhappinessngapnbetweennmennandnwomen.nWomenntodaynarenworkingn
morenandnrelaxingnless,nwhilenmennarenworkingnlessnandnrelaxingnmore.nFortynyearsnagonantypicalnwom
annspentn40nminutesnmorenpernweeknthannthentypicalnmannperformingnannactivitynconsiderednunpleasa
nt.nToday,nwithnmennworkingnless,nthengapnisn90nminutesnandngrowing.
a. Argument;nconclusion:nTodayn...nthengapnisn90nminutesnandngrowing.
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument;nconclusion:n Fortyn yearsn agon ...nannactivitynconsideredn unpleasant.
d. Argument;nconclusion:nTherenappearsntonben...nbetweennmennandnwomen.
e. Argument;nconclusion:nWomenntodaynarenworkingnmorenandnrelaxingnless.
ANS:n D PTS:n 2
2. Leadnisntoxic,nbutndonyounknownwhy?nLeadnisntoxicnmainlynbecausenitnpreferentiallynreplacesnothernmet
alsninnbiochemicalnreactions.nIn2sondoingnit2interferesnwithnthenproteinsnthatnregulatenbloodnpressuren(whi
chncanncausendevelopmentndelaysninnchildrennandnhighnbloodnpressureninnadults),nhemenproductionn(whi
chncannleadntonanemia),nandnspermnproduction.nLeadnalsondisplacesncalciumninnthenreactionsnthatntrans
mitnelectricalnimpulsesninnthenbrain,nwhichndiminishes2thenabilityntonthinknandnrecallninformation.
Annen MarienHelmstine,n"Yourn Guidenton Chemistry"
a. Argument;nconclusion:nItninterferesnwithnthenproteinsn...nandnspermnproduction.
b. Argument;nconclusion:nLeadnisntoxic.
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument;n conclusion:n It2preferentiallyn replacesn othern metalsn inn biochemicaln reactions.
e. Argument;nconclusion:nLeadnalsondisplacesncalciumn...nrecallninformation.
ANS:n C PTS:n 2
3. Aristotlenfocusednonnclarifyingnthenconceptnofnvirtuenitself.nHenarguednthat2itnwasnvirtuousntonchoosenthen
propernamountnofnemotionnand/ornactionncallednforninnanparticularnsituationnandnthatnextremesnofnem
otionnandnactionnwerenvices.nInnallncommunitiesntherenarensomenmennofnpracticalnwisdomnwhonhaventhen
capacityntonjudgenwisely.nAristotlenarguednthatntheynhaventhencapacityntonfollownthen"rightnrule"nwhat
evernthensituation.
DavidnCooper,nValuenPluralismnandnEthicalnChoice
a. Argument;nconclusion:nInnallncommunitiesn...ncapacityntonjudgenwisely.
b. Argument;n conclusion:n Aristotlen focusednonnclarifyingnthen conceptn ofn virtuen itself.
c. Argument;nconclusion:nTheynhaventhencapacityntonfollown...nthensituation.
d. Argument;nconclusion:nHenarguednthatnitnwasnvirtuousn...nwerenvices
e. Nonargument.
ANS:n E PTS:n 2
4. Illegalnimmigrantsnpaynlocalnsalesntaxes,nandnmanynofnthemnalsonpaynstate,nlocal,nandnfederalnincomentaxn
andnSocialnSecurityntax.nTheynalsonpurchasenitemsnfromnlocalnmerchants,nincreasingnthenamount2thesenme
rchantsnpayninntaxes.nInnaddition,ntheynworknfornlownsalaries,nwhichnincreasesnthenearningsnofntheirnemplo
yersnandnthenamountnofntaxesnthesenemployersnpay.nThus,nitnisnnotncorrectntonsaynthatnillegalnimmigrantsnc
ontributennothingntonthencommunitiesninnwhichntheynlive.
a. Argument;nconclusion:nItnisnnotncorrectntonsayn...ncommunitiesninnwhichntheynlive.
1
