©BRAINBARTER 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Scripting and Programming Foundations -
D278 Exam Study Guide
Three basic instruction types - Answer✔Input, process, output
Computational thinking - Answer✔Creating a sequence of instructions to solve a problem (aka
algorithm)
Algorithm - Answer✔A sequence of instructions that solves a problem
Flowchart - Answer✔A graphical language for creating or viewing computer programs
Coral Code Language - Answer✔A language intended for learning to program
Two versions: flowchart and code
Looks like pseudocode, but follows rules that allow execution
Program - Answer✔A list of statements
Each statement is carrying out some action and executing one at a time
String literal - Answer✔consists of text (characters) within double quotes
Ex: "Go #57!".
Cursor - Answer✔Indicates where the next output item will be placed in the next output
The system automatically moves the cursor after the previous output item
Newline - Answer✔\n
Special sequence who appearance in an output string literal causes the cursor to move to the
next output line
Exists visibly in the output
Comment - Answer✔// this is an example of a comment
1|Page
, ©BRAINBARTER 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Text a programmer adds to a program to be read by humans but ignored by a program when
executing
Use // before the comment
Includes the entire line of text.
White space - Answer✔Refers to blank spaces between items within a statement and to
newlines
Improves readability
Ignored in execution
Moore's Law - Answer✔Observation that switch sizes reduce by half every two years
Bit - Answer✔A single unit of binary consisting of only one place whose value can be 0 or 1.
Byte - Answer✔8 bits
ASCII - Answer✔A popular code for characters
Pseudocode - Answer✔Text that resembles a program in a real programming language but is
simplified to aid human understanding.
Variable - Answer✔A named item used to hold a value
Assignment statement - Answer✔Assigns a variable with a value; and keeps that value during
subsequent statement until X is assigned again.
Assignment's left side must be a variable (ex. x=5)
Variable declaration - Answer✔Declares a new variable, specifying the variables name and type
Integer variable type - Answer✔Can hold whole number values
Expression - Answer✔A combination of items like variables, literals, operators, and parentheses
that evaluate to a value
Ex.) y=2*(x+1)
Identifier - Answer✔A name created by a programmer for an item like a variable or function
Must be a sequence of letters, underscores, and digits
2|Page
Scripting and Programming Foundations -
D278 Exam Study Guide
Three basic instruction types - Answer✔Input, process, output
Computational thinking - Answer✔Creating a sequence of instructions to solve a problem (aka
algorithm)
Algorithm - Answer✔A sequence of instructions that solves a problem
Flowchart - Answer✔A graphical language for creating or viewing computer programs
Coral Code Language - Answer✔A language intended for learning to program
Two versions: flowchart and code
Looks like pseudocode, but follows rules that allow execution
Program - Answer✔A list of statements
Each statement is carrying out some action and executing one at a time
String literal - Answer✔consists of text (characters) within double quotes
Ex: "Go #57!".
Cursor - Answer✔Indicates where the next output item will be placed in the next output
The system automatically moves the cursor after the previous output item
Newline - Answer✔\n
Special sequence who appearance in an output string literal causes the cursor to move to the
next output line
Exists visibly in the output
Comment - Answer✔// this is an example of a comment
1|Page
, ©BRAINBARTER 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Text a programmer adds to a program to be read by humans but ignored by a program when
executing
Use // before the comment
Includes the entire line of text.
White space - Answer✔Refers to blank spaces between items within a statement and to
newlines
Improves readability
Ignored in execution
Moore's Law - Answer✔Observation that switch sizes reduce by half every two years
Bit - Answer✔A single unit of binary consisting of only one place whose value can be 0 or 1.
Byte - Answer✔8 bits
ASCII - Answer✔A popular code for characters
Pseudocode - Answer✔Text that resembles a program in a real programming language but is
simplified to aid human understanding.
Variable - Answer✔A named item used to hold a value
Assignment statement - Answer✔Assigns a variable with a value; and keeps that value during
subsequent statement until X is assigned again.
Assignment's left side must be a variable (ex. x=5)
Variable declaration - Answer✔Declares a new variable, specifying the variables name and type
Integer variable type - Answer✔Can hold whole number values
Expression - Answer✔A combination of items like variables, literals, operators, and parentheses
that evaluate to a value
Ex.) y=2*(x+1)
Identifier - Answer✔A name created by a programmer for an item like a variable or function
Must be a sequence of letters, underscores, and digits
2|Page
