Midterm Exam: NR507/ NR 507 (Latest 2025/ 2026 Update) Advanced Pathophysiology | Questions with Verified Answers| 100% Correct |Grade A – Chamberlain.

Midterm Exam: NR507/ NR 507 (Latest 2025/ i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-




2026 Update) Advanced Pathophysiology |
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Questions with Verified Answers| 100% i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-




Correct |Grade A – Chamberlain. i,- i,- i,- i,-




How does the lamina propria effect the lungs in regards to
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asthma the WBCs protective feature goes into overdrive
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causing an inflammatory response that damages host tissue
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Asthma Chronic disease due to bronchoconstriction and an
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excessive inflammatory response in the bronchioles
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What are 5 s/s of asthma
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wheezing i,-




shortness of breath i,- i,- i,-




rapid breathing
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chest tightness
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Pathophysiology of asthma (5) -airway inflammation, i,- i,- i,- i,-i,- i,- i,- i,-



bronchial hyper-reactivity and smooth muscle spasm
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-excess mucus production and accumulation
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,-hypertrophy of bronchial smooth muscle i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-




-airflow obstruction i,- i,-




-decreased alveolar ventilation i,- i,-




What does the innermost layer of the bronchioles contain
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columnar epithelial ells and mucus producing goblet cells
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What does the outermost layer of the bronchioles contain
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smooth muscle cells i,- i,-




what does the outermost layer of the bronchioles do
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the airways ability to constrict and dilate
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alveolar hyperinflation i,- When air is unable to move out of the i,-i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-



alveolar like it should due to bronchial walls collapsing around
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possible mucus plug thus trapping air inside
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how does hyperinflation occur?
i,- the ongoing inflammatory
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process of asthma produces mucus and pus plug that the
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bronchial walls collapse around i,- i,- i,-




Effect of hyperinflation of the alveolar
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hypercapnia (retention of CO2) i,- i,- i,- i,-

,- respiratory acidosis
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What are two anticholinergic drugs used for asthma
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tiotropium and ipratropium i,- i,-




What do anticholinergics do in the lungs?
i,- i,- These drugs block i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-



the effects of the parasympathetic nervous system
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- increasing bronchodilation
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Bronchioles smaller passageways that originate from the
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bronchi that become the alveoli
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3 layers of the bronchioles
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middle layer - lamina propria
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outermost layer i,-




lamina propria i,- i,-i,- i,- the middle layer of the bronchioles
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structure of the lamina propria i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-i,- i,- embedded with connective i,- i,- i,-



tissue cells and immune cells
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, purpose of the lamina propria i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-i,- i,- white blood cells are presenti,- i,- i,- i,- i,-



to help protect the airways
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MOA of anticholinergic drugs for asthma
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parasympathetic system is stimulated by the vagal nerve to i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-



release acetylcholine which binds to the cholinergic receptors of
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the respiratory tract to cause bronchial constriction = decreased
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airflow i,-




- blocking the cholinergic receptors prevents acetylcholine
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binding preventing the bronchial constriction
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bronchitis i,-i,- i,- inflammation of the bronchial tubes i,- i,- i,- i,-




3 characteristics of bronchitis
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hypersecretion of mucus i,- i,- i,-




chronic productive cough for at least 3 consecutive months for at
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least 2 successive years
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Perfusion The supply of oxygen to and removal of wastes
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from the cells and tissues of the body as a result of the flow of
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blood through the capillaries.
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