PNB 2274 Exam 3 (Chen) Questions and
Answers 100% Pass
What protects the brain? (3 things) - ✔✔1. The bones of the cranium
2. The cranial meninges
3. Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
What are the cranial meninges? (List superficial to deep) - ✔✔1. Dura mater
2. Arachnoid
3. Pia mater
Dura Mater - ✔✔- "Hard mother"
- 2 fibrous layers
- Space between layers contains tissue fluids, blood vessels and lymphatic system!
Arachnoid - ✔✔- Arachnoid membrane: Epithelial layer
- Subarachnoid space
- Does not follow the brain's underlying folds
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,Pia Mater - ✔✔- Follows the brain's underlying folds
- Accompanies the branches of cerebral blood vessels
- Protect central nervous system by containing CSF which cushions brain and spine
The Brain receives constant supply of blood regardless of activity - ✔✔Membrane
transporters move glucose plasma into the brain interstitial fluid
Progressive _____________ leads to confusion, unconsciousness, and death -
✔✔(Progressive) *Hypoglycemia*
Oxygen can freely pass across the blood-brain barrier.
True or false. - ✔✔True
The brain consumes about __________ of the body's glucose. - ✔✔Half
What arteries supply the brain with blood? (2 answers) - ✔✔- Internal carotid arteries
- Vertebral arteries
What veins drain blood from the brain, returning it to the heart via the superior vena
cava? (1 answer) - ✔✔- Internal jugular veins
Anastomosis - ✔✔A cross-connection between adjacent channels, tubes, fibers, or other
parts of a network.
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, Circle of Willis - ✔✔- A circulatory anastomosis that supplies blood to the brain and
surrounding structures
- It is named after Thomas Willis (1621-1675), an English physician
Collateral Circulation - ✔✔Is the alternate circulation around a blocked artery or vein
via another path
Blood-Brain Barrier is composed of....(3 answers) - ✔✔-Endothelial cells (tight junctions)
-Basal Lamina
-Astrocyte foot processes
Functions of the BBB - ✔✔- Limit paracellular solute flux
- Regulate composition and volume of brain interstitial fluid
What is the neurovascular unit composed of? - ✔✔- Capillaries
- Neurons
- Glial cells
- Endothelial cells
- Pericytes
Glial cells compose of ___________ and ____________ - ✔✔Astrocytes and microglial
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Answers 100% Pass
What protects the brain? (3 things) - ✔✔1. The bones of the cranium
2. The cranial meninges
3. Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
What are the cranial meninges? (List superficial to deep) - ✔✔1. Dura mater
2. Arachnoid
3. Pia mater
Dura Mater - ✔✔- "Hard mother"
- 2 fibrous layers
- Space between layers contains tissue fluids, blood vessels and lymphatic system!
Arachnoid - ✔✔- Arachnoid membrane: Epithelial layer
- Subarachnoid space
- Does not follow the brain's underlying folds
Katelyn Whitman, All Rights Reserved © 2025 1
,Pia Mater - ✔✔- Follows the brain's underlying folds
- Accompanies the branches of cerebral blood vessels
- Protect central nervous system by containing CSF which cushions brain and spine
The Brain receives constant supply of blood regardless of activity - ✔✔Membrane
transporters move glucose plasma into the brain interstitial fluid
Progressive _____________ leads to confusion, unconsciousness, and death -
✔✔(Progressive) *Hypoglycemia*
Oxygen can freely pass across the blood-brain barrier.
True or false. - ✔✔True
The brain consumes about __________ of the body's glucose. - ✔✔Half
What arteries supply the brain with blood? (2 answers) - ✔✔- Internal carotid arteries
- Vertebral arteries
What veins drain blood from the brain, returning it to the heart via the superior vena
cava? (1 answer) - ✔✔- Internal jugular veins
Anastomosis - ✔✔A cross-connection between adjacent channels, tubes, fibers, or other
parts of a network.
Katelyn Whitman, All Rights Reserved © 2025 2
, Circle of Willis - ✔✔- A circulatory anastomosis that supplies blood to the brain and
surrounding structures
- It is named after Thomas Willis (1621-1675), an English physician
Collateral Circulation - ✔✔Is the alternate circulation around a blocked artery or vein
via another path
Blood-Brain Barrier is composed of....(3 answers) - ✔✔-Endothelial cells (tight junctions)
-Basal Lamina
-Astrocyte foot processes
Functions of the BBB - ✔✔- Limit paracellular solute flux
- Regulate composition and volume of brain interstitial fluid
What is the neurovascular unit composed of? - ✔✔- Capillaries
- Neurons
- Glial cells
- Endothelial cells
- Pericytes
Glial cells compose of ___________ and ____________ - ✔✔Astrocytes and microglial
Katelyn Whitman, All Rights Reserved © 2025 3
