,
,1."Do not donate blood until one year after diagnosis."
2."Abstain from sex altogether."
3."There is no possibility of transmission through razors or toothbrushes."
4."Abstain from sex during your period."
Abstain from sex during your period
Rationale: Because the hepatitis C virus is transmitted in blood, including menstrual blood,
clients should abstain from sex during menstruation. You might also test Tina to see which
genotype her hepatitis C is to see if she is a candidate for Harvoni or Epclusa.
Your client's 2-month-old daughter is admitted with gastroenteritis and dehydration after 2 days
of vomiting and diarrhea. When the father asks you what is causing the child's diarrhea, how do
you respond?
1."She must be lactose intolerant from the formula, and this is altering the fluid balance."
2."Her body's telling you that it's time to introduce some solids into her system."
3."The virus is causing irritation of the gastrointestinal lining, which causes diarrhea."
4."The infectious agent invaded the stomach lining and is affecting the balance of water and
nutrients."
"The infectious agent invaded the stomach lining and is affecting the balance of water and
nutrients."
Rationale: In 80% of cases, gastroenteritis is viral in nature. This viral infection causes diarrhea
by stimulating the secretion of electrolytes into the intestine. This is rapidly followed by water
along the osmotic gradient, resulting in watery stools.
Sandy, age 52, presents with jaundice, dark urine, and light-colored stools, stating that she is
slightly improved over last week's symptoms. Which stage of viral hepatitis do you suspect?
1.Incubation.
2.Prodromal.
3.Icteric.
4.Convalescent.
Icteric
Rationale: In the icteric stage of viral hepatitis, there is jaundice, dark urine, and light-colored
stools. There are continued prodromal complaints, with gradual improvement.
Rose, a client with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), has many other concurrent
conditions. In teaching Rose about medications to avoid, what do you recommend she refrain
from using?
1.Antibiotics.
, 2.Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
3.Oral contraceptives.
4.Antifungals.
NSAIDS
Rationale: Clients with GERD should avoid taking NSAIDs because they tend to aggravate the
already irritated gastric mucosa.
Lucy, age 49, has pain in both the left and right lower quadrants. What might you suspect?
1.A gastric ulcer.
2.Gastritis.
3.Pelvic inflammatory disease.
4.Pancreatitis.
PID
Rationale: The pain associated with pelvic inflammatory disease can be palpated in both the right
and left lower quadrants.
In a 2-month-old infant with vomiting and diarrhea, the most effective way of determining a
fluid deficit is to check for:
1.Decreased peripheral perfusion.
2.Hyperventilation.
3.Irritability.
4. Hyperthermia.
Decreased peripheral perfusion
Rationale: In a 2-month-old infant with vomiting and diarrhea, the most effective way of
determining a fluid deficit is to check for decreased peripheral perfusion, dry oral mucous
membranes, and sunken fontanels. The body compensates for loss of fluid by shifting the
interstitial fluid into the intravascular space, thereby maintaining perfusion of vital organs. If the
fluid loss continues, circulating volume is diminished and vasoconstriction occurs in the
peripheral vessels, resulting in decreased perfusion
You suspect that Harry has a peptic ulcer and tell him that it has been found to be strongly
associated with:
1.Anxiety and panic attacks.
2.Long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
3.Infection by Helicobacter pylori.
4.A family history of peptic ulcers.
,1."Do not donate blood until one year after diagnosis."
2."Abstain from sex altogether."
3."There is no possibility of transmission through razors or toothbrushes."
4."Abstain from sex during your period."
Abstain from sex during your period
Rationale: Because the hepatitis C virus is transmitted in blood, including menstrual blood,
clients should abstain from sex during menstruation. You might also test Tina to see which
genotype her hepatitis C is to see if she is a candidate for Harvoni or Epclusa.
Your client's 2-month-old daughter is admitted with gastroenteritis and dehydration after 2 days
of vomiting and diarrhea. When the father asks you what is causing the child's diarrhea, how do
you respond?
1."She must be lactose intolerant from the formula, and this is altering the fluid balance."
2."Her body's telling you that it's time to introduce some solids into her system."
3."The virus is causing irritation of the gastrointestinal lining, which causes diarrhea."
4."The infectious agent invaded the stomach lining and is affecting the balance of water and
nutrients."
"The infectious agent invaded the stomach lining and is affecting the balance of water and
nutrients."
Rationale: In 80% of cases, gastroenteritis is viral in nature. This viral infection causes diarrhea
by stimulating the secretion of electrolytes into the intestine. This is rapidly followed by water
along the osmotic gradient, resulting in watery stools.
Sandy, age 52, presents with jaundice, dark urine, and light-colored stools, stating that she is
slightly improved over last week's symptoms. Which stage of viral hepatitis do you suspect?
1.Incubation.
2.Prodromal.
3.Icteric.
4.Convalescent.
Icteric
Rationale: In the icteric stage of viral hepatitis, there is jaundice, dark urine, and light-colored
stools. There are continued prodromal complaints, with gradual improvement.
Rose, a client with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), has many other concurrent
conditions. In teaching Rose about medications to avoid, what do you recommend she refrain
from using?
1.Antibiotics.
, 2.Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
3.Oral contraceptives.
4.Antifungals.
NSAIDS
Rationale: Clients with GERD should avoid taking NSAIDs because they tend to aggravate the
already irritated gastric mucosa.
Lucy, age 49, has pain in both the left and right lower quadrants. What might you suspect?
1.A gastric ulcer.
2.Gastritis.
3.Pelvic inflammatory disease.
4.Pancreatitis.
PID
Rationale: The pain associated with pelvic inflammatory disease can be palpated in both the right
and left lower quadrants.
In a 2-month-old infant with vomiting and diarrhea, the most effective way of determining a
fluid deficit is to check for:
1.Decreased peripheral perfusion.
2.Hyperventilation.
3.Irritability.
4. Hyperthermia.
Decreased peripheral perfusion
Rationale: In a 2-month-old infant with vomiting and diarrhea, the most effective way of
determining a fluid deficit is to check for decreased peripheral perfusion, dry oral mucous
membranes, and sunken fontanels. The body compensates for loss of fluid by shifting the
interstitial fluid into the intravascular space, thereby maintaining perfusion of vital organs. If the
fluid loss continues, circulating volume is diminished and vasoconstriction occurs in the
peripheral vessels, resulting in decreased perfusion
You suspect that Harry has a peptic ulcer and tell him that it has been found to be strongly
associated with:
1.Anxiety and panic attacks.
2.Long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
3.Infection by Helicobacter pylori.
4.A family history of peptic ulcers.
